noetic-noematic correlation,
159
‘Note on the Electromagnetic Theory of Light, A’ (Maxwell),
289
n Notes from Underground
(Dostoyevsky),
109
nuclear fission,
174–77
objective knowledge,
61–62
objectivity,
159
,
160
,
170
,
189
,
291
n
Ode to Newton
(Halley),
88
‘On Electromagnetic Waves in Air and Their Reflection’ (Hertz),
146
1+1=2,
13–14
,
15
,
18
,
45
,
46
,
108
,
272
,
274
n
1+1=4,
109
‘On Faraday’s Lines of Force’ (Maxwell),
137–39
‘On Irreversible Radiation Processes’ (Planck),
124–25
On Motion
(Strato),
52
‘On Physical Lines of Force’ (Maxwell),
139–42
‘On Quantum Mechanics’ (Born and Jordan),
244–45
‘On Quantum Mechanics II’ (Born, Heisenberg and Jordan),
245–46
‘On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies’ (Einstein),
165–68
‘On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light’ (Einstein),
193–95
‘On the Quantum-Mechanical Reinterpretation of Kinematic and Mechanical Relations’ (Heisenberg),
220–21
,
241–44
,
257
On the World Systems
(Galileo),
33
Oppenheimer, J. Robert,
175–76
Oresme, Nicholas,
56
orreries,
140
Ørsted, Hans Christian,
134
Orwell, George,
87
,
107–8
,
109
‘Outline of a General Theory of Relativity and a Theory of Gravitation’ (Einstein and Grossman),
197
,
201–2
Oxford ‘calculators,’
56
packing fraction,
173
Pais, Abraham,
176
,
184
,
210
,
291
n
particle accelerators,
172
particle theory,
217–19
,
226–28
,
263
,
264
,
265
Pauli, Wolfgang,
182
,
226–27
,
297
n
Heisenberg uncertainty principle and,
236–37
,
238
,
244
,
245
,
247
,
248
,
251–53
,
254–55
,
257
Pauling, Linus,
182
People’s History of the United States, A
(Zinn),
152–54
percussive force,
55
perfected phenomena,
51
Peter I ‘the Great,’ Czar of Russia,
94
Phaedrus
(Plato),
41
Planck, Max,
112
,
113,
122
,
172
,
233
,
247
,
250
black body radiation studied by,
123
–
25
,
214–15
quantum theory and,
214–15
second law of thermodynamics symbolically formulated by,
111
Planck’s constant,
244
Plimpton 322 cuneiform tablet,
24,
25
,
26
,
28
,
278
n
–79
n
Podolsky, Boris,
259
Poincaré, Henri,
148–49
,
164
,
187
,
215–16
political philosophy,
23
,
85–87
,
268
polygonal spirals,
103
,
104
Posidonius,
71
‘Postulates of Impotence’ (Whittaker),
129
,
253
prime numbers, infinity of,
32
Principia Mathematica
(Whitehead and Russell),
15
probabilities,
226–29
,
251
,
252
,
253
probability coefficients,
218
,
221
projectile motion,
51–52
,
53–54
,
282
n
certainty vs.,
33
visual presentations of,
42–43
,
43
see also
Pythagorean theorem, proofs of Protestant Reformation,
66
Pythagoras,
17
,
21
,
24
,
27
,
33
,
35
,
44
,
277
n,
278
n Pythagorean Proposition, The
(Loomis),
31
,
279
n
Pythagorean theorem,
17
,
21–41
,
42–45
,
161
,
267
,
271
ancient discovery of,
21
,
24–26
,
28
,
277
n
–78
n
in Einstein’s general relativity theory,
33
,
192
,
279
n
in Einstein’s special relativity theory,
33
,
166–67
,
167
in Euler’s work,
101
as Freemason symbol,
24
Hobbes’s initial encounter with,
21–23
,
32
,
33
,
276
n
independent discoveries of,
25
in Plato’s
Meno,
35–41
practical applications of,
24
,
25–26
,
31
,
32–33
rediscovery of,
21
rule of,
23–26
,
27
,
28
,
31
,
32–33
,
34
Pythagorean theorem, proofs of,
23–24
,
27–41
,
42–45
,
87
,
268
as emblematic demonstration of reasoning,
33–34
in Euclid’s
Elements,
22
,
24
,
27–28
,
28,
29
,
31
,
34
,
42
,
273
n
Paris science museum display of,
42
Schopenhauer on,
34
Pythagorean Theorem, The: A
4
,000–Year History
(Maor),
33
Pythagorean triplets,
24–25
,
24,
161
,
278
n
–79
n
quadratic equations,
274
n
quanta,
217–18
‘Quantization as a Problem of Proper Values’ (Schrödinger),
223–25
,
251
quantum leap,
216
quantum physics,
47
,
104
,
113
,
125
,
127
,
130
,
191
,
211
,
214–29
,
230
,
235–60
,
261–65
classical models of,
238–39
classical physics and,
216–17
,
219
,
238
,
239
,
240
,
247
,
250
,
258–59
,
263
,
264–65
Copenhagen interpretation of,
249
,
259–60
discontinuities in,
239
,
248–50
,
252
–
53
,
256
growing extension of,
215–21
1911 Solvay conference on,
215–16
,
222
Planck’s introduction of,
214–15
see also
Heisenberg uncertainty principle; Schrödinger’s equation
quantum states,
224–25
Quartered Safe Out Here: A Recollection of the War in Burma
(Fraser),
43–44
quaternion proofs,
31
Ramanujan, Srinivasa,
102–3
,
182
red shift, gravitational,
193
,
200
,
207
reference frames,
159–64
,
166–70
,
189
Reflections on the Motive Power of Heat
(S. Carnot),
116–17
religion,
65–66
Rhind papyrus,
273
n
–74
n
Ricci-Curbastro, Gregorio,
197
Riemann, Bernhard,
196–97
Rigden, John,
168
isosceles,
35–41
see also
Pythagorean theorem
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano,
175
Rosen, Nathan,
259
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead
(Stoppard),
71
Rosenthal-Schneider, Ilse,
205
Royal Astronomical Society,
186–87
,
201–2
,
203–7
Royal Society of London,
76
,
79
,
85
,
116
,
147
,
185–87
,
203–7
rules,
42–45
definition of,
23
of Pythagorean theorem,
23–26
,
27
,
28
,
31
,
32–33
,
34
Rules for the Direction of the Human Mind, The
(Descartes),
33–34
Rumford, Count,
113,
115–16
Russell, Bertrand,
15
Russian Academy of Sciences,
94
,
97–98
Rutherford, Ernest,
173
,
215
,
216
Saint-Simon, Henri de,
86
Santorio, Santorio,
56
Saturday
(McEwan),
154
Schrödinger, Erwin,
220
,
221–25
,
221,
230
,
246–54
,
257–58
,
268
Schrödinger’s cat,
228
Schrödinger’s equation,
214–29
,
268
configuration space in,
224
,
225
,
227
,
246
,
247
interpretations of,
225–29
,
251–52
ψ-function in,
223–25
,
226
,
228
,
246–47
,
248
,
251
as visualizable theory,
218–19
,
220
,
221
,
223–24
,
246
,
249
,
251
,
252
as wave equation,
221
,
222–25
,
226–28
,
246–54
,
257–58
,
268
as affective process,
18–19
,
230–34
,
270–71
analogies in,
137
anosognosia and,
152–55
contrarian,
129–31
critics of,
209–13
discovery process in,
90
experimental,
200
Galileo’s defence of,
65–68
great discoveries as previously missed in,
171–72
hermeneutics in,
288
n
historically contingent development of,
105
impossibility and,
128–31
nature of concepts in,
268–70
playful attitude in,
183–84
role of trust in,
284
n