4.
M.H.SM. Tapers,
Vol. VI, pp. 48
ff.
History of the 17th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry,
pp. 135, 217-18;
History of the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery,
p. 109;
Sabres and Spurs,
p. 407; manuscript letters of Lewis Bissell.
The Story of the First Massachusetts Light Battery,
p. 182;
Letters of a War Correspondent,
pp. 269-70.
I
Rode with Stonewall,
p. 315. Note that even the historian of the 17th Pennsylvania Cavalry, normally troubled by few qualms, wrote: "If ever troops found an incentive to strike vigorous blows for their *homes and firesides' it was those who fought Sheridan's destructions from the 6th to the 9th of October, for we do not think the annals of civilized warfare furnishes a parallel to these destructive operations . . . the blackened face of the country from Port Republic to the neighborhood of Fisher's Hill bore frightful testimony to fire and sword."
(History of the 17th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry,
p. 216.)
8.
History of the Shenandoah Valley,
Vol. II, p. 954.
9.
History of the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artil-
lery,
p. 109;
The Story of the First Massachusetts Light Bat-
tery,
p. 182;
Three Years in the Sixth Corps,
pp. 415-16.
10.
I Rode with Stonewall,
p. 313.
11.
Battles and Leaders,
Vol. IV, p. 513;
Lee's Lieutenants,
Vol. Ill, p. 597.
12.
M.H.S.M. Papers,
Vol. VI, pp. 48, 97.
Early's narrative about all of this is in
Battles and Leaders,
Vol. IV, p. 526. There is a description of the Union position in
A Volunteer's Adventures,
pp. 205-6—whose author, incidentally, draws the parallel between Early's audacity at Cedar Creek and Washington's at Trenton.
History of the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery,
pp. 119-20.
The Vermont Brigade in the Shenandoah Valley,
pp. 136-40.
History of the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery,
pp. 121-23;
History of the 8th Regiment Vermont Volunteers,
pp. 215-18. For descriptions of the confused fighting in the heavy fog, and the unavailing attempt to stem the fugitives and their pursuers on the turnpike, see the
Official Records,
Vol. XLIII, Part 1, pp. 215, 233, 245, 267, 284. General Wright's report on the battle is in that volume, pp. 158-61.
Personal Recollections of Distinguished Generals,
by William F. G. Shanks, pp. 340-41;
Battles and Leaders,
Vol. IV, p. 518;
A Volunteers Adventures,
pp. 210-11, 213-14, 220. The latter work speaks of the flight as taking place "with curious deliberation." For accounts of the rallying of the soldiers who did not panic, see the
Official Records,
Vol. XLIII, Part 1, pp. 197, 209-11.
19.
Lee's Lieutenants,
Vol. Ill, pp. 603-4.
History of the 17th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteer Cavalry,
pp. 115-17;
Thrilling Days in Army Life,
by General George A. Forsyth, pp. 135-38.
Thrilling Days in Army Life,
pp. 140-43;
Battles and Leaders,
Vol. IV, p. 519.
The Story of the First Massachusetts Light Battery,
p. 189.
The Vermont Brigade in the Shenandoah Valley,
pp. 147-48;
History of the 17th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunleer Cavalry,
pp. 117-18;
Official Records,
Vol. XLIII, Part 1, pp. 251, 309.
24.
Thrilling Days in Army Life,
pp. 155-56, 159-60.
History of the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery,
pp. 126-27;
The Vermont Brigade in the Shenandoah Valley,
p. 152;
History of the 8th Regiment Vermont Volunteers,
p. 223;
A Volunteers Adventures,
p. 227.
A Volunteer's Adventures,
pp. 228-29. Sheridan probably got a better reputation out of Cedar Creek than he really deserved, and it has often been argued that Generals Wright and Getty would eventually have pulled the victory out of the fire even if Sheridan had not reappeared at all. Sheridan provided the dramatics and the spur, which had long been missing from the experience of men in the Army of the Potomac. The most unrestrained enthusiasm and admiration came to him from the VI Corps itself, which provided most of the casualties at Cedar Creek, lost the fewest men captured, did most of the fighting—and, all in all, seems to have been quite willing to give to Sheridan the credit which might well have been claimed for its own generals.
27.
Manuscript letters of Lewis Bissell.
Chapter Six: Endless Road Ahead
For a moving description of the autumn landscape at Petersburg, see
Letters of a War Correspondent,
pp. 275-76. The account of the fortified lines follows Humphreys, p. 310.
History of the 10th Massachusetts Battery of Light Artillery,
p. 253.
Official Records,
Vol. XL, Part 1, pp. 270-71; Series 3, Vol. V, pp. 70-71;
Letters of a War Correspondent,
pp. 155-59.
Official Records,
Series 3, Vol. V, pp. 70, 72-73;
History of Durrell's Battery in the Civil War,
p. 209;
History of the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery,
p. 133;
Battles and Leaders,
Vol. IV, p. 708.
5.
"Grant Before Appomattox: Notes of a Confederate
Bishop," by the Right Rev. Henry C. Lay, in the
Atlantic
Monthly,
March, 1932.
6.
South After Gettysburg,
p. 144.
Recollections of a Private Soldier,
pp. 191-92;
Army Life: a Private's Reminiscences,
p. 209;
Service with the 6th Wisconsin Volunteers,
p. 309.
The Passing of the Armies,
by Major General Joshua Chamberlain, p. 12;
Army Life: a Private's Reminiscences,
p. 209. Interestingly enough, one veteran wrote that it was the new regiments, plus the shirkers and bummers who never got on the firing line, who provided most of the vote for McClellan.
(History of the 150th Pennsylvania Volunteers,
p. 244.)
Report of Colonel Henry L. Abbot,
Official Records,
Vol. XL, Part 1, pp. 664-65.
Manuscript letters of Henry Clay Heisler;
History of the 12th Regiment New Hampshire Volunteers,
p. 427.
History of DurreU's Battery in the Civil War,
p. 228;
History of the 36th Regiment Massachusetts Volunteers,
pp. 246, 277; manuscript letters of Henry Clay Heisler;
The Irish Brigade and Its Campaigns,
p. 510.
Four Years Campaigning with the Army of the Potomac,
p. 160.
The Story of the Regiment,
pp. 367-68.
History of the 198th Pennsylvania Volunteers,
by Major E. M. Woodward, p. 25.
Ibid.,
p. 27;
History of the Ninth Massachusetts Battery,
by Levi W. Baker, p. 155.
History of the 24th Michigan,
p. 283.
South After Gettysburg,
pp. 163, 165;
History of the 87th Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers,
p. 218.
My
Life in the Army,
pp. 135-36;
Music on the March,
pp. 203-4;
History of the 7th Connecticut Volunteer Infantry,
p. 176;
M.H.S.M. Papers,
Vol. VI, p. 413;
In the Ranks from the Wilderness to Appomattox Courthouse,
p. 97;
The Passing of the Armies,
pp. 21, 23. For the recruiting and training of an entire new division of first-rate troops, see
Military
History of the 3rd Division, Ninth Corps, Army of the Potomac,
by Milton A. Embick, pp. 1-5.
19.
Following the Greek Cross,
p. 238.
Ibid.,
p. 240; manuscript letters of Lewis Bissell;
History of the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery,
p. 144.
Thirteenth Regiment of New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry in the War of the Rebellion,
pp. 533, 537-38.
Manuscript letters of Lewis Bissell;
Musket and Sword,
p. 303.
Following the Greek Cross,
p. 240;
History of the 2nd Connecticut Volunteer Heavy Artillery,
p. 148.
Histor
y of Durrell’
s Battery in the Civil War,
pp. 232-34;
History of the 51st Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers,
pp. 602-5. For early glimpses of Stephens and Lincoln, see
Abraham Lincoln: the Prairie Years,
by Carl Sandburg, Vol.
I,
pp. 378, 382 if.
There is a good discussion of the peace mission and the Davis-Stephens relationship in "Alexander Stephens and Jefferson Davis," by James Z. Rabun, in the
American Historical Review,
Vol. LVIII, No. 2. See also
Abraham Lincoln: the War Years,
Vol. IV, pp. 39-46, 48, 58-60;
Jefferson Davis: the Unreal and the Real,
by Robert McElroy, Vol. II, pp. 435-40;
Diary of Gideon Welles,
Vol. II, p. 237. There is a mention of the return of Lieutenant Murray from his Southern prison in
Thirteenth Regiment of New Hampshire Volunteer Infantry in the War of the Rebellion,
p. 534.
Ibid.,
pp. 447, 520, 542.
History of the Ninth Massachusetts Battery,
p. 160.
1.
History of the 1st Connecticut Artillery,
by John C. Tay-
lor, p. 154;
Major General Ambrose E. Burnside and the
Ninth Army Corps,
p. 476.
Reminiscences of the War of the Rebellion,
p. 262.
Memoirs of Chaplain Life,
p. 335.
4.
Military History of the 3rd Division, Ninth Army Corps,
Army of the Potomac,
pp. 1-4, 14-16;
Battles and Leaders,
Vol. IV, p. 584
ff
. Hartranft's report on the fight is in the
Official Records,
Vol. XLVI, Part 1, pp. 345-49.
5.
Grant's
Personal Memoirs,
Vol II, pp. 433-34; Humph-
reys, pp. 320-21;
Official Records,
Vol. XLVI, Part 3, pp.
141-42, 171.
Personal Memoirs of John
H.
Brinton,
p. 265.
Grant's
Personal Memoirs,
Vol. II, p. 425.
8.
Manuscript letter of Sergeant George S. Hampton, 91st
Pennsylvania Veteran Volunteers, in the possession of Mr. J.
Frank Nicholson of Manassas, Virginia.
9.
Sherman, Fighting Prophet,
by Lloyd Lewis, p. 524.
10.
Sheridan's report, reprinted in Moore's
Rebellion Rec-
ord,
Vol. XI, p. 634
ff.