He arrived at precisely the right place and at the most politically opportune moment. Though Eugene McCarthy had been swamped by traditional Democrats at Chicago, and Robert Kennedy was dead, a single Senate race that yearâin Connecticutâhad captivated the imaginations of their acolytes. Joseph D. Duffey, a former seminarian, thirty-eight years old, president of the liberal Americans for Democratic Action, a professor of ethics, and ardent campaigner for civil rights and peace in Vietnam, meant to revive the electoral hopes crushed by the nomination of Hubert Humphrey and the election of Richard Nixon. Fueled by the shootings at Kent State and the extension of the war to Cambodia, the itinerant irregulars of the antiwar army massed in New Haven to push Duffey's candidacy forward. The war would not be stopped unless opposition votes in Congress forced the president's hand, they believed. Duffey faced the same dilemmas that would confront Clinton throughout his career as a progressive, Southern Democrat: how to create a center from the competing elements within the Democratic Party and still attract independent votes; how to spur basic political and civic change without antagonizing middle-class white voters.
Though Duffey failedâin a three-way race against the incumbent senator, Thomas J. Dodd, running as an Independent; and Republican congressman Lowell P. Weicker Jr.âBill Clinton did not. He acquired an encyclopedia of practical political knowledge and a retinue of friends who would make the jump enthusiastically from Duffey's candidacy to Clinton's in Arkansas, and later onto the national stage. Thus, Duffey's unsuccessful Senate campaign was invaluable in establishing the Clinton political network and philosophy. Its ethic was articulated by Duffey in a self-evaluation of his run:
It is always tempting to blame our defeat on those people who never understood what we were trying to say or who rejected our efforts to lead them. But the fact is that the search for a new politics in America is still at a very primitive stageâ¦. Many of our policies have been formulated as if the nation were composed of only two major groupsâthe affluent and the welfare poor. But somewhere between affluence and grinding poverty stand the majority of American families living on the margins of social and economic insecurity. The new politics has thus far not spoken to the needs and interests of those Americans. We have forgotten that they, too, feel the victims of decisions in which they have no voice.
Until election day in November, Clinton had hardly attended his law school classes. He'd worked from dawn until past midnight on Duffey's campaign, and then returned from Third District congressional headquarters in New Haven to sack out in the rambling beach house he rented on Long Island Sound with three classmates. After election day, his study habits changed little. Roommates would find him reading a book after midnight, assume it was a law text, and then discover it was a novel. He slept less than five hours a night, wrote copious letters to former girlfriends (who were numerous), and, when he did study, managed an intensity that could push him successfully through an exam with barely a couple of hours of preparation.
Within weeks of his arrival in New Haven, it was obvious that he possessed an extraordinary appeal that attracted, in great numbers, individuals from the most disparate of backgrounds. He soaked up their stories and their knowledge and gave back from his sophisticated ideas and sense of history. He effused an uncommon empathy that left them fascinated and utterly charmed. Nancy Bekavac, a Yale classmate who would later become closer to Hillary than to Bill, was typically bowled over. “I'd never seen anyone with that much focus, that much brains, and that much charm. And, it was all focused. He was very efficient about getting what he wanted, and it was clear he had a kind of novelist's love for people. He remembered salient things about them. He listened to them. And, he played that back to them in more than an artful way. He was funny. He was observant. He paid attention to who was smart and who wasn't smartâ¦. He made an effort to talk to them. It was so monumentally clear he was a politicianâ¦. [P]eople say, âWell, is it true you thought he was going to be President?' Absolutely. I don't think I knew him two hours before it dawned on me.”
Bekavac would become president of Scripps College in California. She had spent the summer before law school in Vietnam as a journalist, working for the
Catholic Welfare News
and Metromedia. Bill Clinton, she believed, regarded his own life, too, in novelistic terms, with his surprising, simultaneous capacity for both self-awareness and denial, andâfor someone so focusedâhis tortured road to decision-making.
And then there were the women.
“While law school and politics were going well,” Clinton said later, “my personal life was a mess. I had broken up with a young woman who went home to marry her old boyfriend, then had a painful parting with a law student I liked very much but couldn't commit to. I was just about reconciled to being alone and was determined not to get involved with anyone for a while.”
Enter Hillary Rodham.
“One day,” he recalled, “when I was sitting in the back of Professor Emerson's class, I spotted a woman I hadn't seen beforeâ¦. She had thick dark blond hair and wore eyeglasses and no makeup, but she conveyed a sense of strength and self-possession I had rarely seen in anyone, man or woman.”
By then, it would have been almost impossible for Clinton not to have known about her. She was a recognizable star on campus, much discussed among the law school's students, known as politically ambitious, practical, and highly principled.
When they had been introduced on the first day of classes, neither had taken much notice. Clinton was at a table in the law school cafeteria with old friends, among them Bob Reich, who had been at Oxford with him and knew Hillary from her undergraduate days as a student leader. Reich remembered sitting next to Clinton, “And Hillary came up in back of us, and I just said, âHillary, it's great to see you.' Blah-blah-blah. Small talk. âLet me introduce you. This is Bill Clinton. Hillary, Bill. Bill, Hillary,' and that was itâ¦. Obviously my introduction didn't take.”
Clinton was dating another woman at the time, and was perhaps preoccupied with his work on Duffey's campaign. Whatever the case, neither he nor Hillary seems to remember the introduction. But the impression she made on him the next semester in Professor Emerson's class, where her hand seemed always upraised and she invariably knew the right answers, was irrevocable.
He began conspicuously trailing her around campus. Hillary said she first took notice of him in the law school student lounge, “looking more like a Viking than a Rhodes scholar”âlong hair, ragged beard, six foot two and a half and 220 pounds. He was talking to someone about how Arkansas grew the biggest watermelons in the worldâsomething he talked about a lot.
Yet, according to their autobiographies, they didn't exchange a word until the spring of 1971 in the Yale Law library one evening. Clinton had spotted a friend in the stacks, Jeffrey Gleckel, and went over to say hello to him. As they conversed, Gleckel noticed that “little by littleâ¦his concentration was disappearing. He listened but was saying much less. His glance began to wander and he seemed to be looking over my shoulder. I was trying to find a way to look in an inconspicuous manner and so I sort of turned around halfway as an excuse to scratch my leg or something and there I saw, seated nearby at a desk with a stack of books and notepads, Hillary Rodham, who was also an acquaintance.”
Gleckel “politely excused myself,” leaving no other witnesses except the two protagonists.
Hillary, in
Living History,
said he had been glancing at her off and on so she went and introduced herself. Bill, who said he had been literally dumbstruck by the boldness of her approach, said hello and they soon parted company.
At the time, Hillary was still dating David Rupert and spending weekends with him and another couple in Bennington, Vermont, in a two-bedroom apartment carved out of the corner of a barn that they called the “chicken coop.” Apparently two more months passed before she and Clinton spoke again.
On the last day of the spring term, while walking from a politics and civil rights class, Bill asked Hillary where she was headed. She said she was on her way to register for the next semester's classes. They arrived together at the office of the registrar, who asked why Bill was there since he had already registered.
Hillary laughed when Bill confessed it was a ploy to be with her, and they “went for a long walk that turned into our first date,” Hillary wrote.
Bill suggested they walk to a Mark Rothko exhibit at the Yale Art Gallery, but they found the museum closed because of a campus-wide strike by unionized employees. He talked his way in by volunteering to remove the garbage that had piled up. Hillary was impressed. That night, he took her up on her invitation to come to an end-of-term party Hillary and her roommate, Kwan Kwan Tan, were giving in their dorm. Bill phoned a few days afterward and could tell from Hillary's voice that she was ill. He showed up thirty minutes later with some orange juice and chicken soup, Hillary said. She was impressed by his range of interests, everything “from African politics to country and western music.” Hillary now knew that he “was much more complex than first impressions might suggest.” They soon became a couple.
Nancy Bekavac was one of the first friends he introduced her to. “I remember being struck by this aggressive, ambitious, bright woman who studied child development and cared about children,” she said. “It was unusual in some ways. Every young woman was running away from, you know, childhood and family issues. Jesus Christ, the last thing you wanted to do was family lawâ¦. It was very unusual. And you couldn't find an obvious biographical or autobiographical hook. For me, it was a given: That's where she was going.”
Though Clinton later professed to not want another romantic involvement so soon after the breakup of his latest relationship, his housemates discerned in him almost a desperation that he not lose her. He coached them on helping him impress Hillary during her early visits to the beach house. His roommatesâDouglas Eakeley, a friend from Oxford, Douglas Pogue, and William T. Coleman III (whose father was serving as secretary of transportation and was the only black in Richard Nixon's cabinet)âwere amused at the unusual deference Clinton exhibited toward this new woman in his life. The pair seemed to be doing a kind of pas de deux, pushing and pulling yet with a lightness of step that was uncharacteristic of both of them. There was an ease. “They were very funny together, very lively,” said Pogue. When Bill would lapse into his home-fried, good ole boy Southern caricature, she would affectionately mock him. “Get to the point, will you, Bill!” she'd say (she would do that throughout their lives together). It took some time for him to adjust to her straightforward Midwestern ways.
Early on, their discussions turned political. She sensed in him a commitment to public service that transcended mere ambition for office. He came from a state that lagged behind the rest of the country in education, economic prosperity, and cultural sophistication, but “he cared deeply about where he came from, which was unusual,” she noted. “He was rooted, and most of us were disconnected.”
Within a few weeks of their encounter in the library, Hillary and Bill were to be seen striding across campus hand in hand, obviously smitten. Deborah Sale encountered them early in their courtship. She had known Clinton since childhood days in Arkansas and Hillary as an undergraduate: “My response to them was, Well, of course. These are two people who obviously belong together. He was always very engaging, and very charming.”
She “looked like a hippie,” according to one close friend, dressed in blue jeans and sandals, her hair below her shoulders, her face enunciated by thick glasses, the frames of which she was constantly changing. Physically, it seemed she almost went to lengths to hide her more attractive features.
“Their values are the same. Their ambitions are the same,” Sale recognized. “The passions that they have in life are the same. The kind of engagement that they have, intellectual and otherwise, is really something. And to my mind they were a perfectly reasonable couple.” Sale could see that Hillary, despite disguising it, “was always very attractive in many ways,” including physically, though her glasses tended to overpower some of her best features. Hillary's reputation was “of someone who was thoughtfulâ¦and deep. He really had the reputation of being quick.” In fact, as Sale and others would come to recognize, he was the deeper one.
Some fellow students thought Clinton's attraction to Hillary was calculated, that he was trading on her renown to advance his own stature on campus and beyond. Hillary, meanwhile, conveyed an attitude that Bill's women had never confronted him with:
I don't need you.
It seemed to unnerve him.
Within weeks, Hillary told him that she planned to spend the summer in Oakland, California, as an intern at the law firm of Treuhaft, Walker and Burnstein. Clinton's plan had been to work in the South in George McGovern's presidential campaign, still in its infancy, for the Democratic presidential nomination. Now he told her he wanted to go with her to California instead.
When she pressed as to his reasons, he said it was because he loved her, according to Hillary's account in
Living History.
Hillary said later she was over the moon.
From the start, he was looking at the big picture. “I just likedâ¦being around her, because I thought I'd never be bored with her. In the beginning, I used to tell her that I would like being old with her. That I thought that was an important thing.”
Even then it was possible to glimpse aspects in their relationship that would become much more evident during their years in the governor's mansion and the White House. David Gergen, who worked with each during the first years of the Clinton presidency, observed: “The Bill Clinton I saw needed the emotional approval of his wife on a daily basis. He depended on her, spoke of her, and acted as if she were his Rock of Gibraltarâ¦. When they were in balance, they complemented each other well. Their partnership energized his leadership. She was the anchor, he the sail. He was the dreamer, she the realist. She was the strategist, he the tactician.”