Authors: David Isby
559.
US Department of Defense,
Progress Toward Security and Stability in Afghanistan
, Washington, January 2009, p. 36.
560.
Talk at the Heritage Foundation, Washington, 26 March 2008.
561.
Interview, Bagram AB, 12 October 2008.
562.
Talk at the Brookings Institution, Washington, 25 February 2009.
563.
Ibid.
564.
GEN Stanley McChrystal,
COMISAF Initial Assessment
(“McChrystal Report”), Kabul, 20 August 2009, pp. 2–15.
565.
Talk given at CSIS, Washington, 22 May 2009.
566.
Robert M. Perito,
Afghanistan’s Police. Weak Link in Security Sector Reform
, Washington, August 2009, US Institute of Peace Special report 227.
http://www.usip.org/files/afghanistan_police.pdf
.
567.
Talk at the Brookings Institution, Washington, 25 February 2009.
568.
Judy Dempsey, “Training of Afghan Police by Europe Is Found Lacking,”
The New York Times
, 18 November 2009, p. A16.
569.
Interview, Bagram AB, 12 October 2008.
570.
Ibid.
571.
Interviews, multiple locations in Afghanistan, October—November 2008.
572.
Sandra Jontz, “US Set to Boost Afghan Police Training,”
The Stars and Stripes
, 3 October 2009.
http://www.stripes.com/article.asp?sectionAfghanistan104&articleAfghanistan65151
.
573.
Interviews, multiple locations in Afghanistan, October—November 2008.
574.
Mark Sappenfield, “Female Cops Test Traditional Gender Roles in Afghanistan,”
Christian Science Monitor
, 19 January 2009,
http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2009/0107/p01s03-wosc.html
; “Top Afghan Policewoman Shot Dead,”
BBC News Report
, 28 September 2008,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/7640263.stm
.
575.
Joint Operations Intelligence Information System (JOIIS) 4 May 2009 figures quoted in Anthony Cordesman,
The Afghan War at End 2009: A Crisis and New Realism
, Washington, 4 January 2010, CSIS, p. 6.
http://csis.org/files/publication/100104_afghan_war_at_end_09.pdf
.
576.
Talk at the Brookings Institution, Washington, 25 February 2009.
577.
Ibid.
578.
Talk at the Johns Hopkins University Asymmetric Warfare Symposium, Washington, 10 March 2008.
579.
Talk at the Annual AUSA meeting, Washington, 6 October 2009.
580.
Interviews, Kabul, October—November 2008.
581.
Ibid.
582.
Talk given at the Association of the US Army annual meeting, Washington, 6 October 2009.
583.
Interview, Kabul, 2 November 2008.
584.
Talk at the Brookings Institution, Washington, 25 February 2009.
585.
Jon Boone, “Afghans Fear US Plan to Rearm Villages,”
The Financial Times
(London), 12 January 2009.
586.
Talk at the Brookings Institution, Washington, 25 February 2009.
587.
Carlotta Gall, “Afghans Start Answering Call to Fight Taliban,”
The New York Times
, 3 January 2010, p. 9.
588.
Interview, Kabul, 27 October 2008.
589.
Talk given at the Association of the US Army (AUSA) annual meeting, Washington, 6 October 2009.
590.
Briefing given at the AUSA annual meeting, Washington, 12 October 2007.
591.
Interview following talk at the Heritage Foundation, Washington, 26 March 2008.
592.
Interview, Kabul, 26 October 2008.
593.
Talk at the Heritage Foundation, Washington, 26 March 2008.
594.
GEN Stanley McChrystal,
COMISAF Initial Assessment
(“McChrystal Report”), Kabul, 20 August 2009, pp. 1–2.
595.
John F. Burns, “Karzai Sought Saudi Help with Taliban,”
The New York Times
, 1 October 2008; Anand Gopal, “No Afghan-Taliban Peace Talks for Now,”
The Christian Science Monitor
, 9 October 2009; Kim Sengupta, “Secret Saudi Dinner, Karzai’s Brother and the Taliban,”
The Independent
(London), 8 October 2008.
596.
Interview, Afghan government official, Kabul, 21 October 2008.
597.
GEN Stanley McChrystal,
COMISAF Initial Assessment
(“McChrystal Report”), Kabul, 20 August 2009, pp. 2–13.
598.
Griff White, “Afghan Promises to Insurgents Often Empty,”
The Washington Post
, 14 December 2009, pp. A1, A8.
599.
Ali Jalali, former interior minister, at a talk at American University, Kabul, 27 October 2008.
600.
Interview, Kabul, 27 October 2008.
Chapter Ten
601.
Interview, Ashraf Ghani, Washington, 27 February 2007.
602.
Matt Waldman,
Falling Short; Aid Effectiveness in Afghanistan
, ACBAR, Kabul, March 2008.
603.
Interview, Washington, 12 February 2007.
604.
Interview, Washington, 26 February 2008.
605.
Simeon Djankov, Jose G. Montalvo, and Marta Reynal-Querol,
The Curse of Aid
, December 2007, paper, pp. 3–5, 24.
606.
While Brahimi (and others) now regret Taliban non-participation at Bonn, this would have been physically difficult to realize and would have encouraged other players to act as spoilers. The Taliban had demonstrated their near-impossibility to engage diplomatically during the destruction of the Bamiyan Buddhas in 2001.
607.
Emma Sky, “The Lead Nation Approach, The Case of Afghanistan,”
The Journal of the Royal United Services Institution
, December 2006, pp. 20–26.
608.
Gethin Chamberlain, “US Military: Afghan Leaders Steal Half of All Aid,”
Sunday Telegraph
(London), 28 January 2007.
609.
Interview, Washington, 27 February 2007.
610.
Matt Waldman,
Falling Short; Aid Effectiveness in Afghanistan
, ACBAR, Kabul, March 2008.
611.
Ann Jones, “How US Dollars Disappear in Afghanistan: Quickly and Thoroughly,”
The San Francisco Chronicle
, 3 September 2006.
612.
GEN Stanley McChrystal,
COMISAF Initial Assessment
(“McChrystal Report”), Kabul, 20 August 2009, pp. 2–18.
613.
Talk at the Atlantic Council, Washington, 22 April 2009.
614.
Among many sources critical of these efforts are: Ahmad Rashid,
Descent into Chaos
(New York: Viking, 2008, pp. 350–66); Rajiv Chandrasekhar, “US Pursues a New Way to Rebuild Afghanistan,”
The Washington Post
, 19 June 2009.
615.
Interview, Dr. Sayid Mohammed Amin Fatimi, Minister of Health, Washington, 23 July 2008.
616.
Talk at CSIS, Washington, 28 May 2009.
617.
Talk at CSIS, Washington, 28 September 2009.
618.
Interview, Washington, 12 February 2007.
619.
Interviews, Kabul, 16 October 2009.
620.
Andrew Wilder, “A Weapons System Built on Wishful Thinking,”
The Boston Globe
, 16 September 2009.
621.
Interview, Kabul, 27 October 2008.
622.
Interview, Bagram AB, 13 October 2008.
623.
On Afghan perceptions of DDAs and Afghan governance and its interface with aid in general, see: Ruth Rennie, ed.,
State Building, Security and Social Change in Afghanistan
, Washington, 2008, the Asia Foundation,
http://asiafoundation.org/resources/pdfs/2008surveycompanionvolumefinal.pdf
.
624.
Talk given at CSIS, Washington, 28 May 2009.
625.
COL Russell N. Wardle OBE,
The Search For Stability: Provincial Reconstruction Teams in Afghanistan
, Carlisle Barracks, May 2004, US Army War College.
626.
On the importance of international support for the Hazaras, see: Richard A. Oppel Jr. and Abdul Waheed Wafa, “Hazara Minority Hustles to Head of Class in Afghanistan,”
The New York Times
, 4 January 2010, p. A–4.
627.
Interview, Massoud Kharokhail, Tribal Liaison Office, Kabul, 2 November 2009.
628.
GEN Stanley McChrystal,
COMISAF Initial Assessment
(“McChrystal Report”), Kabul, 20 August 2009, pp. 2–12.
629.
Talk given at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Washington, 29 September 2009.
630.
“Afghan President Complains US, NATO Aren’t Succeeding,”
AP News Report
, 26 November 2008.
631.
Talk given at CSIS, Washington, 28 May 2009.
632.
Talk given at CEIP, Washington, 27 October 2009.
633.
Talk given at AUSA annual meeting, Washington, 6 October 2009.
634.
Interview, Bagram AB, 14 October 2008.
635.
Sharon Pickup, US Government Accountability Office, talk given at the Afghan—American Chamber of Commerce Conference, Washington, 20 October 2009.
636.
Interview, Kabul, 5 November 2008.
637.
Interview, Bagram AB, 14 October 2008.
638.
Sharon Pickup, US Government Accountability Office, talk given at the Afghan—American Chamber of Commerce Conference, Washington, 20 October 2009.
639.
Talk given at CSIS, Washington, 28 May 2009.
640.
Abubakar Siddique, “Afghan Hopes to Provide ‘Land Bridge’ Still Hampered,”
Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty Report
, 14 May 2009.
641.
Talk given at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy, Washington, 29 September 2009.
642.
Interview, Washington, 26 February 2008.
643.
Talk given at CSIS, Washington, 28 May 2009.
644.
Interview, Afghan diplomat, Ankara, 9 October 2008.
645.
Jane Perlez, “US Fears That Increased Aid to Pakistan Will Feed Graft,”
The New York Times
, 21 September 2009.
646.
Ahmed Rashid, “Pakistan on the Brink,”
The New York Review of Books
, v. 67, n. 10, 11 June 2009, p. 12.
647.
An overview of the FATA security situation, its impact on Afghanistan, and its potential to be affected by US actions is: Thomas H. Johnson and M. Chris Mason, “No Sign until the Burst of Fire: Understanding the Pakistani-Afghanistan Frontier,”
International Security
, v. 32, n. 4, Spring 2008, pp. 64–70.
648.
Talk given at the AUSA annual meeting, Washington, 6 October 2009.
649.
Ahmed Rashid, “The Pakistan Army’s Political Gamble,”
The Daily Beast
, 15 October 2009; Ahmed Rashid, “Pakistan Civilian-Military Ties Hit New Low,”
BBC Online
, 16 October 2009.
650.
Pamela Constable, “Senators Try to Reassure Pakistan About Relationship with US,”
The Washington Post
, 9 January 2010, p. A–6.
Chapter Eleven
651.
HQ ISAF Strategic Advisory Group “Unclassified Metrics” May 2009 figures quoted in Anthony Cordesman,
The Afghan War at End 2009: A Crisis and New Realism
, Washington, 4 January 2010, CSIS, p. 7.
http://csis.org/files/publication/100104_afghan_war_at_end_09.pdf
.
652.
Joint Operations Intelligence Information System (JOIIS) 4 May 2009 figures quoted in Anthony Cordesman,
The Afghan War at End 2009
, ibid., p. 6.
653.
James Appathurai,
NATO Weekly Press Briefing
, Kabul, 13 May 2009,
http://www.nato.int/cps/en/SID-AFF94721-86524341/natolive/opinions_54724.htm
.
654.
Joint Operations Intelligence Information System (JOIIS) 4 May 2009 figures quoted in Anthony Cordesman,
The Afghan War at End 2009: A Crisis and New Realism
, Washington: CSIS, 4 January 2010, p. 6.
http://csis.org/files/publication/100104_afghan_war_at_end_09.pdf
.
655.
Quoted by Ambassador Karl F. Inderfurth in testimony before the House Armed Services Committee, Washington, 23 January 2008.
http://armedservices.house.gov/pdfs/FC012308/Inderfurth_Testimony012308.pdf
.
656.
Eric Schmitt, “Elite US Forces Expanding Hunt in Afghanistan,”
The New York Times
, 27 December 2009.
657.
Although, GEN McChrystal adds, neither is defeat. GEN Stanley McChrystal,
COMISAF Initial Assessment
(“McChrystal Report”), Kabul, 20 August 2009, p. 1.
658.
President Barack Obama, Inaugural Address, 20 January 2009.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/read_the_inaugural_address
.
659.
Yochi J. Dreazen and August Cole, “Gates Says Taliban Has Momentum in Afghanistan,”
The Wall Street Journal
, 26 May 2009.
660.
Susan Page, “Approval of Obama on Afghanistan War Dives,”
USA Today
, 25 November 2009.
661.
Amy Belasco,
The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11
, Washington, 28 September 2008, Congressional Research Service, Report RL 33110.
http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL33110.pdf
; Todd Harrison,
Estimating Funding for Afghanistan
, Washington, 1 December 2009, Center for Strategic and Budgetary Analysis (CSBA),
http://www.csbaonline.org/4Publications/PubLibrary/U.20091201.Estimating_Funding/U.20091201.Estimating_Funding.pdf
.
662.
Jonathan S. Landay, John Walcott and Nancy A. Youssef, “Are Obama Advisers Downplaying Afghanistan Dangers?,”
McClatchy Newspapers report
, 11 October 2009.
663.
Thomas H. Johnson and M. Chris Mason, “Refighting the Last War. Afghanistan and the Vietnam Template,”
Military Review
, November—December 2009, pp. 2–14.
664.
Scott Wilson, “Obama: US Security is Still at Stake,”
The Washington Post
, 2 December 2009, pp. A1, A10.