Afghanistan (71 page)

665.
GEN Stanley McChrystal,
COMISAF Initial Assessment
(“McChrystal Report”), Kabul, 20 August 2009, p. 1.

666.
Tom LoBianco, “Clinton: Ousting Al Qaeda Only Goal in Afghanistan,”
The Washington Times
, 16 November 2009.

667.
Donna Miles, “Gates Lashes Out at Leakers,”
American Forces Press Service news report
, 12 November 2009.
http://www.defenselink.mil/news/newsarticle.aspx?idAfghanistan56659
.

668.
“NATO Chief: Leave Afghanistan and ‘al-Qaeda Will Be Back in a Flash,”
The Daily Telegraph
(London), 17 November 2009.

669.
“Turkey Says No More Troops for Afghanistan,”
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty News Report
, 6 December 2009,
http://www.rferl.org/content/article/1896577.html
; Delphine Strauss, “Turkey Rules Out Extra Troops for Afghanistan,”
The Financial Times
(London), 7 December 2009,
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/dd61c30e-e2d1-11de-b028-00144feab49a.html
.

670.
Interview, Kabul, 20 October 2009.

671.
Mukhtar E. Khan, “The Return of Sharia Law to Pakistan’s Swat Region,”
Jamestown Terrorism Monitor
, v. 7, n. 4, 3 March 2009.

672.
Gohar Ali Gohar and Hamidullah Khan, “TNSM, Taliban Reject Darul Qaza: Democracy, Sharia Incompatible: Sufi,”
Dawn
(Karachi), 4 May 2009.

673.
Rahim Wardak has impressed this fact on the author on several occasions.

674.
Bill Roggio and Thomas Joscelyn, “Pakistan’s Jihad. In the War on Terror, Islamabad is Both With Us and Against Us,”
The Weekly Standard
, 15 December 2008.

A

affinity groups,
25
,
31
,
35
,
44–45
,
50–52
,
77
,
218
,
348
,
370

Afghan conflicts,
187–243

and center—periphery,
210–13

and corruption,
199–208

ethnolinguistic conflicts,
189–93

and gender issues,
223–35

and governance,
241–43

internal conflicts,
187–243

and land/water rights,
221–23

and modernization,
208–10

outcome of,
372–74
,
395–97

and political leadership,
213–15

religious conflicts,
194–99

and warlords,
215–19

Afghan insurgents,
130–69

and collateral damages,
297–99

countering,
291–332

response to,
299–304

and security forces,
309–23

spread of,
307–9

stopping,
328–32

Afghan narcotics,
170–86

countering,
179–86

impact of,
177–79

and insurgency,
170–86

and options,
181–83

Afghan Taliban

post-2001,
86–88
,
136–39

pre-2001,
136–39

rise of,
81–86

Afghanistan

aid to,
333–67

chronology of,
xvii—xxii

conflicts in,
187–243
,
372–74
,
395–97

corruption in,
199–208
,
358–59

demographics of,
236–38

economy in,
359–62

future of,
368–97

governance of,
241–43
,
352–54

influence on,
270–80
,
374–81
,
390–95

insurgents in,
130–69
,
291–332

last chance for,
381–88

map of, vi—vii

modernization of,
208–10

new Afghanistan,
362–64

reconstruction of,
333–67

security forces in,
309–23

solutions for,
238–41

threat to,
119–24

Afridi, Mangal Bagh,
251

Afzali, Zalmay,
178–80
,
184

aid

to Afghanistan,
267
,
285
,
333–67

buying into,
346–52

and conflict,
333–67

and corruption,
358–59

divided efforts for,
341–43

and economy,
359–62

Kerry-Lugar bill,
267
,
285
,
364–67

to Pakistan,
364–67

success of,
343–45

Akhund, Mullah Birader,
138

Al Qaeda resilience,
3–17

al Yazid, Mustafa Abu,
120

al-Libi, Abu Yahya,
120

Al-Zawahiri, Ayman,
120

Amanullah, King,
57

Anders, Dave,
142

Atmar, Mohammed Hanif,
43
,
122–23
,
148
,
199
,
306
,
320–26

Atta, Ustad Mohammed,
182
,
190

Aziz, Maulana Abdul,
257–58

B

Babur, Nasrullah,
34
,
247

Bahadur, Hafiz Gul,
255
,
264

Baluchistan insurgency,
245–47

Barrett, Richard,
168

Belcher, Chris,
142

Bhittani, Turkistan,
264

Bhutto, Benazir,
34
,
124–25
,
247
,
268

Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali,
77
,
247

Biden, Joseph,
217

bin Laden, Osama,
13
,
38
,
86–87
,
94
,
100
,
102
,
108
,
115
,
121–24
,
131
,
142
,
273

binabd-al-Hakim, Maulavi Abd-al-Hadi “Pash Wa’l,”
166

Blanchette, Richard,
143
,
165–66
,
238
,
303

Brahimi, Lakhdar,
337
,
345

Bugti, Nawab Akbar Shabaz Khan,
245

Burke, Edmund,
187

Burt, Richard,
89

Bush administration,
95–98
,
269
,
274
,
300
,
365
,
392

C

Callwell, C. E.,
291

Carter, Ashton,
284

Cavoli, Chris,
153–54
,
162–64
,
327

CENTCOM,
305–6

center—periphery,
210–13

change, pushing,
54–60

chronology of Afghanistan,
xvii—xxii

Churchill, Winston,
187

client—patron relationships,
46–50
,
55
,
189
,
218

Clinton, Hilary,
379

collateral damages,
297–99

conflicts

and aid,
333–67

and center—periphery,
210–13

and corruption,
199–208

defined by,
21–60

ethnolinguistic conflicts,
189–93

and frontiers,
10–13

and gender issues,
223–35

and governance,
241–43

internal conflicts,
187–243

and land/water rights,
221–23

and legitimacy,
36–39

losing,
13–17

and modernization,
208–10

multiple,
4–10

outcome of,
372–74
,
395–97

and political leadership,
213–15

religious conflicts,
194–99

support for,
13–17

and warlords,
215–19

winning,
289–397

corruption,
199–208
,
358–59

Cowper-Coles, Sherard,
6

Craddock, Bantz,
178
,
295

Cronin, Audrey Kurth,
128

D

Daoud, Mohammed,
45
,
140

demographics,
236–38

Dobbins, James,
73
,
103
,
275
,
327

Dostum, Abdul Rashid,
66
,
190
,
194
,
216–17
,
222

Drummond, Jim,
42
,
240
,
354
,
363

Durand Line,
4
,
11
,
26
,
39
,
62–63
,
68
,
71
,
74
,
85–86
,
259–60
,
278
,
283–84
,
392
,
396

Durand, Mortimer,
62

dwellers in vortex,
61–88

E

Eide, Kai,
345

Elphinstone, Mountstuart,
21
,
54
,
59
,
65
,
191

Es’haq, Mohammed,
387

ethnolinguistic conflicts,
189–93

ethnolinguistic divisions,
25–30

exiles, returning,
220–21

F

Fahim, Mohammed Qassam,
204
,
219
,
309–10

failure,
6–17

faith,
30–36

Farivar, Massoud,
147

Fazlullah, Mullah,
255–56

Ferdinand, Franz,
3

Fidai, Mohammed Halim,
325–26

Frontiers,
10–13
,
61–63
,
71–77
,
89
,
280–83

future of Afghanistan,
368–97

future of Pakistan,
388–90

G

Gailani, Pir Sayid Ahmed,
35

Galbraith, Peter,
207

Gates, Robert,
103
,
272
,
306
,
375
,
379

gender issues,
223–35

Gentilni, Fernando,
294

Ghani, Ashraf,
7–8
,
139
,
167
,
189
,
201
,
205–6
,
211–12
,
219
,
334
,
339–42
,
345

Ghani, Owari,
260

Ghazi, Mullah Abdul Rashid,
257–58

Gilani, Yousaf Raza,
72
,
261–62
,
268

Gingrich, Newt,
283

glossary, xi—xv

Goethe,
107

H

Hadiri, Mohammed Ashraf,
238

Hainse, Marquis,
148
,
153
,
160
,
162
,
320
,
327

Hanif, Alim,
43
,
122–23
,
148
,
199
,
320
,
323
,
325

Haq, Qazi Mahbubul,
251

Haq, Zia ul,
73–74
,
77
,
79

Haqqani, Husain,
73

Haqqani, Jaluladin,
79
,
133
,
140–42
,
144
,
174
,
264
,
269
,
328
,
331

Haqqani, Sirajjuddin,
123
,
133
,
140–42
,
144
,
174
,
264
,
269
,
328
,
331

hard men,
1–4
,
10
,
15–17
,
141
,
382
,
396

Hayden, Michael,
110

Haynes, Jeff,
314
,
316

Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin,
2
,
32–33
,
53–54
,
70
,
74
,
82
,
92
,
133
,
140–42
,
151
,
328
,
331

Hoffman, Bruce,
99
,
149

Holbrooke, Richard,
180
,
183
,
200
,
217
,
270
,
291
,
375

I

infidels,
2–16
,
56
,
85
,
114
,
122–28
,
156–61
,
173–77
,
228–29
,
329–31
,
351

institutions and power,
39–44

insurgents

in Afghanistan,
130–69
,
291–332

in Baluchistan,
245–47

countering,
291–332

and development,
159–62

ethnicity of,
142–49

funding,
168–69

intimidation by,
162–63
,
169

leaders of,
140–42

and legitimacy,
153–58

and narcotics,
170–86

in Pakistan,
244–87

recruiting,
163–64

response to,
299–304

and security forces,
309–23

spread of,
307–9

strategy of,
149–53
,
164–67

intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR),
305–6

internal conflicts,
187–243

Ittehad-i-Islam, Abdurrab Rasul Sayyaf,
29

J

Jackson, Michael,
228

Jalali, Ali,
311
,
332
,
352

Jalil, Mullah Abdul,
138

Jawad, Sayid T.,
206

Joya, Malalai,
234

K

Kakar, Malalai,
323

Kalakani, Habibullah,
65

Karzai, Hamid,
30
,
53
,
56–58
,
67–68
,
97–99
,
170
,
190–201
,
206–7
,
211–12
,
221
,
229
,
277
,
298–300
,
356
,
384