Against Our Will: Men, Women, and Rape (97 page)

"The conclusions reached were that the wives": David Abrahamsen,
The Psychology of
Crime, New York: Columbia University Press, 1960, p. 165.

Footnote,
a missing link: Paul H. Gebhard et
al., Sex
Offenders ( 1965), New York: Bantam, i967, pp. cr-10, i6, i78, 205.

"Social class looms large": Marvin
E.
Wolfgang, ed., Studies
in

Homicide,
New York: Harper & Row, 1967, p. 5.

"demonstration of masculinity and toughness": Marvin
E.
Wolfgang

SOURC:E! NOTES
I
42
5

and Franco Ferracuti,
The
Subculture of Violence, London: Tavis tock, 1967, p. 154.

( 181) rapist within the subculture ofviolence: Amir, pp. 314-33
i.

( 182) Philadelphia police files, 1958, 1960: Amir, p. 334. (182 ) 43 percent, pairs or groups: Amir, p. 337.

182) age: Amir, p. 52.

182) not married: Amir, p. 65.

182) Footnote, Amir's raw material versus FBI's: See UCR, pp. 13-14; Amir, pp. 34, 37, 39.

( 182) "lower part of the occupational scale": Amir, p. 339.

( 182) l'rior arrest record: Amir, pp. 112-114.

( 182) the Philadelphia rapist generally lived: Amir, pp. 89--94· (182 ) percentage black: Amir, p. 43.

(182 )
Footnote,
FBI's "Careers in Crime" file: Donald
J.
Mulvihill et
al.,

Crimes of
Violence,
a staff report to
the National
Commission
on the
Causes and Prevention
of Violence,
Washington: U.S. Govern ment Printing Office, 1969, Vol. 12, pp. 532, 533, 544·

( 183) "Rape was found": Amir, p. 336.

( 183) "Contrary to past impression": Amir, p. 341. (183) r,lanning: Amir, pp. 140-143, 213-214.

( 183) 'no previous idea": Amir, pp. 141-142. (183 ) Further observations: Amir, p. 339.

1. some form of physical force: Amir, pp. 154-156.
   

   (185 ) rape capitals of the nation: The cities I mention are those whose rate of reported rapes exceeds or approaches 50 cases per 100,000 in habitants, "Table 5, Index of Crime, 1973, Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas," UCR, 1973, pp. 77
   ff.
   

2. ) populations in excess:
   VCR,
   p. 13.
   

(185 ) Southwestern states:
VCR,
pp.
6,
u,
13.

( 185) traditions of violence: This point is explored in Crimes of Violence, Vol. 11, pp. 75-80.

(185) Memphis study: Brenda A. Brown, "Crime Against Women Alone," a System Analysis of the Memphis Police Department Sex Crime Squad's 1973 Rape Investigations, May 18, 1974 (mimeo), pp. 7-8.

( 186) 17-city survey:
Crimes of Violence,
Vol. 11, p. 22i.

( 186) Philadelphia study: Amir, pp. 145, 138-139.

( 186) comparison study: Stephen Schafer and Gilbert Geis, "Forcible Rape: A Comparative Study of Offenses Known to the Police in Boston and Los Angeles, 1967," presented to the American Sociological Associa tion meeting in San Francisco, 1969 ( mimeo) .

PAIRS, GROUPS AND GANGS

Toronto survey: By J. W. Mohr as quoted in John M. MacDonald, Rape Offenders and Their Victims, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1971, p. 160.

Washington, D.C., study: Charles R. Hayman et
al.,
"Rape in the District of Columbia," presented to the 99th Annual Meeting, American Public Health Association, Minneapolis, Oct. 12, 1971 ( mimeo) .

". . . these results are amazing": Amir, p. 200.

426
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"silence": Ibid.

gangs and pairs: Amir, p. 200.

A California group psychologist: W. H. Blanchard, "The Group Process in Gang Rape,"
Journal of Social Psycholog y,
1959, No. 49, pp. 259-266.

"GRATUITOUS ACTS, EXTRAVAGANT DEFILEMENTS"

"they slapped her a few times": Hubert Selby, Last
Exit
to
Brookl yn,

New York: Grove, 1965, p. 116.

police department m.o. sheets: Forms in author's possession.

A law professor: G. D. Woods, "Some Aspects of Pack Rape in Sydney," Australian
&
New Zealand
Journal of
Criminology ( 1969), Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 105-119.

"sexual humiliation": Amir, pp. 158-161, 222-225. ". . . not the acts of an 'impotent' ": Amir, p. 160. "Taking repeated turns": Amir, p. 222.

few showed interest in cunnilingus, etc.: Amir, p. 159 (Table 56) .

"In
New York City last year": Robert Daley, "Police Report on the TV Cop Shows," New York Times
M agazine,
Nov. 19, 1972.

New York City rape-murders: By telephone from Police Officer Ann Gallagher, NYPD Sex Crimes Analysis Squad, Sept. 24, 1974.

Memphis rape-murders: Brown, p. 10 n.

Washington rape-murders: By telephone from
Lt.
William Caldwell,

D.C. Homicide Squad, Sept. 24, 197+

Homicide statistics as they relate to the sexes: Crimes
of
Violence, Vol.
11,
pp. 2ocr-210, 216-218.

Aggravated assault statistics: Crimes of Violence, Vol. 11, pp. 209, 211, 217-219.

few advance to become rape-murderers: This is apparent from a reading of Table 19, Crimes of
Violence,
Vol.
12,
p. 544.

Kitty Genovese case: Time, June 26, 1964, pp. 21-22. addendum to Moseley's story:
Time,
Nov. 20, 1972, p. 74.

Albert DeSalvo: To retell this incredible case I have drawn heavily on Gerold Frank, The
Boston
Strangler, New York: NAL Signet, 1967, throughout. Individual citations follow.

indicted for child molestation: Frank, pp. 347-349. "I just put my hand on them": Frank, pp. 335-336. "breaking and entering": Frank, p.
2
56.

wine bottle or broomstick: Frank, pp. 257, 258, 296, 323. "I didn't touch her": Frank, p. 353.

psychiatric profile: Frank, pp. 165-172.

Footnote, Attitudes of women assistants, struggle of woman reporter: Frank, pp. 178-179, 58-61.

rage against his brutal father: Frank, pp. 329, 345. , "Attractiveness has nothing to do with it": Frank, p. 300. ". . . my rights as a husband": Frank, p. 276.

". . . made me feel powerful": Frank, pp. 338-339. ". . . like any other normal guy": Frank, p. 327. "Tall, very tall": Frank, pp. 302-303.

(205)

Hurkos profile: Frank, pp. 106-108.

SOURCE NOTES
I
427

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g

(208)

DeSalvo was murdered: John Kifner, "DeSalvo, Confessed 'Boston Strangler,' Found Stabbed to Death in Prison Cell," New York Times, Nov. 27, 1973·

"The only problem we had with Albert":
Ibid.

Footnote, Massachusetts law permitting women jurors to be barred from sex cases still on the books: Confirmed by Edward Perlman, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Massachusetts State Attorney General's Office, by telephone, Sept. 24, 1974·

serves less than four years: U.S. Department of Justice, National Prisoner Statistics: Prisoners Released from State and Federal Institu tions, 1960, Figure B, Figure C.

twice as likely to insist on innocence: Karpman, p. 72.

Sing Sing study: Bernard Glueck, "Final Report, Research Project for the Study and Treatment of Persons Convicted of Crimes Involving Sexual Aberrations," submitted to the Governor of the State of New York, 1956, p. 303.

New York City report: Karpman, p. 72.

Canadian study: R.
J.
McCaldon, "Rape," Canadian
Journal
of Cor

rections, Vol. 9, No.
l
(Jan. 1967), pp. 37-59.

"In
two-thirds of the cases": McCaldon, p. 47.

warden of San Quentin: Clinton T. Duffy with Al Hirshsberg, Sex and Crime, New York: Doubleday, 1965, throughout.

"I'm no rapo": Duffy, p. 58. 'three-page rap sheet": Ibid.

"Rape is often so difficult to prove": Duffv, p. 57. "Rapists are usually all-round offenders": Duffy, p. 132.

( 208) "

. . may cut some i'ce": Duffy, p.
5
8
.

7.
A
QuESTION OF RAcE

( 211) wrote a long piece: Susan Brownmiller, "Rashomon in Maryland," 'Esquire, May 1968, pp. 130 ff.

( 213) According to the FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation, Uniform· Crime Reports, 1973, pp. 15, 10, 19.

1. black population, 1970 census: Figure obtained from U.S. Bureau of Census by telephone, Nov. 1, 1974.
   

2. 17-city survey, interracial rape: Donald
   J.
   Mulvihill et.
   al.,
   Crimes of
   

Violence, a
staff
report to
the
National Commission on
the
Causes and
Prevention of Violence,
Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969, Vol. 11,.pp. 209, 212.

( 214) "Because white males' : Crimes of
Violence,
Vol. 11, p. 245.

(214) Footnote, 17-city survey, interracial robbery: Crimes of Violence, Vol. 11, pp. 208, 214.

( 214) Memphis study: Brenda A. Brown, "Crime Against Women Alone," a System Analysis of the Memphis Police Department Sex Crime Squad's 1973 Rape Investigations, May 18, 1974 ( mimeo), pp. 10-11.

( 214) Philadelphia study: Menachem Amir, Patterns in Forcible Rape, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1971, p. 44.