All Hell Let Loose (128 page)

Lafontaine, Gen. Henri Jean, 56

Lambert, Derek, 28, 347

landing craft: designed and built, 361–2

Langer, Rula, 1

Langkanke, Fritz, 176

Lapie, Capt. Pierre, 51

Lapp, Royce, 543

Laskine, Lily, 404

Last, Nella, 67, 102, 343, 346

Latabár, Kálmán, 605

Latvia: anti-Russian actions, 145; Russian advance across, 550

Laval, Pierre, 127

League of Nations, 125

Leander, Zarah, 317

Lebanon: British attack, 126

Leckie, US Marine Robert, 254, 257, 261

Leclerc, Gen. Jacques Philippe, 557

Lee, Cdr. Fitzhugh, USN, 573, 642

Lee, Adm. Willis Augustus (‘Ching’), USN, 262

Lee Kuan Yew, 211, 215

Leese, Gen. Oliver, 595

Leigh-Mallory, Air Chief Marshal Sir Trafford, 88, 532

Leitner, Karl, 593

Lekachman, Robert, 664

LeMay, Maj.Gen. Curtis, 637–8, 640, 646–7

Lemelsen, Gen. Joachim, 148

Lempicka, Regina, 21

Lend-Lease (US-Britain): introduced (1941), 187, 189; and British weapons requirements, 362; ends, 664

Leningrad: siege and famine, xvii, 148, 158–9, 167–71, 301; Germans advance on, 156, 159; life and conditions in, 170–5, 313; attempted relief of, 173–4; privilege and corruption in, 173; cannibalism, 174, 312; Govorov appointed to command, 311; blockade broken, 313; German offensive and Russian counter-attack, 313; number of deaths, 313; sufferings suppressed, 313–14; liberated (January 1944), 525

Leonova, Klavdiya, 338

Leopold III, King of the Belgians, 25, 62–4

Lesort, Pierre, 57–8

Lessing, Lt. Hans-Otto, 84

Lewis, Don, 566

Lewis, John, 10

Lewis, Norman, 350, 461

Leyte Gulf, Battle of (1944), 571–4

Leyte island, 570–1, 574

Liberator bombers: as convoy air cover, 275, 281–2

Libya: campaign in, 107, 109–11, 113–14, 130, 188

Liebenstein, Baron Gustav von, 449

Lightfoot
, Operation, 371

Lim Kean Siew, 214

Lin Yajin, 430

Lindbergh, Charles, 147

Lindsey, Lt.Cdr. Eugene, 248

Lindstrom, Harold, 591, 606

Linlithgow, Victor Hope, 2nd Marquess of, 418

Linsen, Albrecht, 166

List, Field Marshal Wilhelm von, 303

Lithuania: Jews killed by German sympathisers, 148, 511

Litwak, Leo, 607

Lokal-Anzeiger
(newspaper), 14

London: Blitz (1940–1), xvii, 88, 92–5

Longerich, Peter, 512

Lorient: submarine pens, 280

Lott, Helmut, 671

Lübeck: British army reaches, 613

Luftwaffe: faith in Ju88 bomber, 40; at Dunkirk, 66–7; machine guns refugees, 69–70; attack on Britain, 81, 97, 101; defeated in Battle of Britain, 82–7; losses in Battle of Britain, 87, 89–90, 92; bombs London and other cities, 88–9, 92–4, 143; actions in Mediterranean, 118, 296; in Greece and Crete, 120, 122–3; forces diverted to Russia, 143; hesitancy in attacking Arctic convoys, 289; at Stalingrad, 308–9, 317; supplies only German units in Russia, 319; casualties, 324; at Battle of Kursk, 389; losses against US Mustang fighters, 442, 486–7; early bombing effectiveness, 473; ground support, 473–4; quality of aircraft, 473, 482; fighters diverted to counter Allied bombing offensive, 480; and aircraft production, 482; weakness against Normandy landings, 536; collapses, 551, 664

Lukacs, John, 510

Łukasiewicz, Juliusz, 16

Luth, Wolfgang, 279

Luxembourg: opposes German occupation, 404–5

Luzhkov, Sergei, 173

Lvov, Pilot Officer B., 654

 

 

MacArthur, Gen. Douglas: in defence of Philippines, 231–2; withdraws to Australia, 233, 236; Wainwright reports to on Corregidor, 234; reputation and character, 235–6, 439, 569–70, 667; lacks men for attack on Rabaul, 254; disdain for Australians in Papua New Guinea, 265, 432; dissension over Papua campaign, 267; aided by intelligence intercepts, 369; Pacific strategy and campaign, 433, 439; opens New Guinea campaign, 435; rivalry with Nimitz, 439; returns to liberate Philippines, 569–71, 575; lands at Leyte island, 570; on conduct of campaign on Okinawa, 641; urges landing on Borneo, 645; appointed supreme commander for invasion of Japan, 646; signs Japanese surrender document, 652; rule in Japan, 656; and Japanese biological warfare participants, 672

McCallum, Sgt. Mickey, 533

McCampbell, Cdr. David, 474

McCloy, John J., 351

McCormick, Anthony, 339

McCormick, Gunner David, 339, 655

McCormick, Donald, 66

McCormick, Edward, 339

McCrae, Sgt. Ben, 562

McCreery, Gen. Richard, 595–6

McCullers, Carson, 185

Macduff, Pvt. Robert, 537

McIndoe, Dr Archibald, 85

Macmillan, Harold, 36

Macedonia, 465

Madagascar: British occupy, 403

Magaeva, Svetlana, 172

Maginot Line, 54–5

Mahindasa, P.G., 415

Mahlo, Dr Karl-Ludwig, 333

Maier, Ruth, 44–5, 501–2

Mailer, Norman, 230

Majeski, Joseph, 650

Majhi, Gourhori, 423

Majundan, ‘Jumbo’, 417

Malaya: Japanese invade and occupy, 194, 199, 203–11, 215; pre-war life in, 202–3; weak air defences, 203–6; troops’ irresolution, 211–13; anti-war demonstrations, 415; under Japanese occupation, 500; plans to reconquer, 560; Slim plans invasion, 645; Japanese surrender prevents independence, 658;
see also
Singapore

Malinovsky, Marshal Rodion, 599

Malta: dependence on Gibraltar, 114; Hitler fails to capture, 123, 271; under siege and air attacks, 271, 294; convoys to, 295–7; casualties, 298; relieved, 298

Manchuria: Russian campaign in (1945), 438, 646–7

Mandalay, Burma, 220, 634

Manhattan Project: cost, 640; work on, 646–7;
see also
atom bomb

Manila, Philippines, 232, 574

Mann, Thomas, 60

Mannerheim, Marshal Carl Gustav, 31, 33, 35–6

Manning, Olivia:
The Balkan Trilogy
, 134

Manstein, Field Marshal Erich von: insensitivity over Polish invasion, 18–19; Crimean victory, 300–1; ordered north to end Leningrad resistance, 306; in Battle of Stalingrad, 315–16; generalship, 322, 668; commands Army Group South, 383; and Battle of Kursk, 387, 391; condemns Jews, 511; withdrawal in Ukraine, 526; loyalty to Hitler, 552

Mao Zhedong, 191, 427–8, 634, 659

Marcks, Maj.Gen. Erich, 142

Mareth Line, Tunisia, 378

Marianas, 440, 565–9, 636

Marion, US Marine Ore, 257

Marita
, Operation, 117

Mariuki, Josiah, 10

Market Garden
, Operation, 579–81, 583

Markoyianni, Maris, 116

Marquand, J.P.:
So Little Time
, 183

Mars, Lt. Alastair, 297

Mars
, Operation (Russia, November 1942), 314

Marshall, Gen. George: reputation, 440; approves bombing of French targets, 531; Stilwell complains to about British reluctance in Burma, 559; attempts to correct MacArthur, 570; and weather holding up advance in Europe, 585; and development of atom bomb, 647; achievements, 666

Marshall Islands, 438–9

Martilla, Elena, 171–2

Martin, Cdr. Paul, 126

Marzabotto, Italy: German massacre, 460

Masaki, Kay, 111

Mass Observation: on ‘Phoney War’, 27

Masson, André, 404

Mastalerz, Col., 5

Matsuoka, Yopsuke, 194

Matyka, Edward, 496

Maung Maung, 635

Mauritius: food shortages, 351

Mauritius Regiment, 410

May, Bert, 561

Maze, Etienne, 478

Mears, Fred, 231

Mediterranean: German plans to expel British, 98; Mussolini’s strategy in, 104; danger as shipping route, 105, 271; Luftwaffe actions in, 118, 270–1; naval problems in, 270; Royal Navy actions in, 294, 298; Allies gain upper hand, 298, 379; Axis shipping losses, 298; Churchill’s strategy in, 364, 375, 443

Meikley, Hilde, 513

Meiktila, Burma, 633–4

Mekhlis, Gen. Lev, 301

Melling, Doris, 39

Melnikov, Ivan, 383, 394

Melville, Herman, 244

Mendelsohn, Murray, 516

Menenzes, Leo, 226

Menzies, Robert, 118

merchant navy (Allied): losses and sufferings, 276–8, 283; on Arctic run, 289;
see also
Atlantic

merchant vessels:
Brisbane Star
, 296–7;
Christopher Newport
, 289;
Clan Ferguson
, 296;
Deucalion
, 296, 298;
Dover Hill
, 292;
Empire Archer
, 292;
Empire Hope
, 296;
Induna
, 287;
J.L.M. Curry
, 285;
Melbourne Star
, 297;
Ocean Voice
, 290;
Ohio
(US oil tanker), 295–7;
Port Chalmers
, 297;
Rochester Castle
, 297;
Troubador
, 289

Merridale, Catherine, 526

Mers-el-Kébir: French fleet bombarded by British, 80–1, 126

Mersa Matruh, 364–5

Messerschmitt Me 262 (jet fighter), 474

Metaxas, Gen. Ioannis, 116, 118

Metelmann, Henry, 140, 315–16

Meuse, river: Germans cross (1940), 56–8

Meyer, Hubert, 552

Meyer, Gen. Kurt, 12, 544

Mi Mi Khaing, 220

Michaelis, Hans, 513

Michon, Col. Daniel, 71–2

Middle East: British position in, 105, 414

Midway, Battle of (1942), 243–53, 264, 306, 669

Midway atoll: in Japanese strategy, 236–7, 243

Miers, Anthony (‘Skip’), VC, 671

Mihailovińć, Draža, 465

Mikawa, Vice-Adm. Gunichi, 255–6

Mikoyan, Anastas, 149, 323

Milburn, Clara, 147

Milch, Gen. Erhard, 482–3, 486

Millett, Allan and Williamson Murray:
There’s a War to be Won
, xix–xx

Minamoto, Capt. Yoshiro, 656

Minsk: falls to Germans, 149

Mitchell, Margaret:
Gone with the Wind
, 1, 20

Mitford, Nancy, 343

Mitscher, Adm. Marc, USN, 254, 566–7

Mitsuharu, Noda, 563

Mitsuru, Yoshida, 646

Mitze, Ilse, 489

Model, Gen. Walther: stabilises line in Russia, 167; and Hitler’s order not to yield ground, 175; mounts counter-offensive west of Moscow, 176; in Battle of Kursk, 389–92; and Russian breakthrough at Leningrad, 525; replaces Kleist, 526; replaces Busch, 546; in Battle of Arnhem, 580; ferocity of troops, 592; suicide, 611; qualities, 668

Möhne dam, 481–2

Molders, Werner, 83

Molotov, Vyacheslav M.: on Soviet occupation of Poland (1939), 15; congratulates Hitler on capture of Paris, 74; and Russian westward expansionism, 98–9

‘Molotov cocktails’: in Finland, 32

Moltke, Count Helmuth von, 8, 156, 159, 376, 500, 502, 514, 552

Monckeburg, Lt. Jasper, 180

Monroe, Rose Will, 353

Monsarrat, Nicholas, 399

Monte Cassino, Italy, 340, 456, 528–9

Montgomery, Field Marshal Sir Bernard Law: Alamein victory, 298; wartime promotions, 326; commands in North Africa, 366, 369–70, 373, 378–9; in Sicily campaign, 446–7, 449; dismisses Wigram, 450; returns to England for Normandy invasion, 455; on slow advance in Italy, 455; command for invasion of Europe, 532, 536; campaign in Normandy, 537; and battle for Caen, 554–5; relegated to leadership of 21st Army Group, 557; aims to capture Arnhem bridge, 577, 580–3; antagonises Americans, 584, 668; shortage of infantrymen, 585; given command of northern sector in defence of Ardennes, 593; conducts final stages of campaign in NW Europe, 610, 611; crosses Rhine, 611; accepts German surrender at Lüneburg Heath, 630; qualities, 667–8

Moody, Lt. Tony, 329, 591

Moonen, Rosemary, 352

Mooney, James, 186

Moore, Marine Lt. Paul, 258

Moore, Lt. Peter, 452

Moorehead, Alan, 126, 131, 350

Morawetz, SS Sgt., 538

Mordal, Jacques, 39

Morden, Beryl, 96

Morgan, Lt.Gen. Sir Frederick: on US war effort, 229; on US leaders, 326; criticises Montgomery, 379, 584; as chief Allied planner for D-Day, 531; failure at Arnhem, 581; on Ardennes battle, 594

Morris, Robert, 219

Moscow: threatened by Germans, 148, 150, 159–60, 162–3, 165; Germans forced to retreat from, 168; overnight curfew lifted (Easter 1942), 299

Moser, Hans, 333, 576

Moser, Konrad, 576

Moskvin, Nikolai, 152, 155, 179

Mountbatten, Adm. Lord Louis (
later
1st Earl), 635, 658

Mowat, Farley, 331, 333, 456, 462

Mpagi, James, 408

Muehlebach, Fritz, 9

Mufti of Jerusalem
see
al-Husayni, Mohammad Amin

Müller, Heinrich, 615

Murmansk, Russia, 284–6, 290, 292

Murray, Lt.Gen. Horatius, 326

Murrow, Edward R., 101–2

Muslim Waffen-SS, 405

Mussolini, Benito: as ally of Hitler, 3, 27; enters war, 75–6, 458; optimism, 100; derided in Germany, 104; Mediterranean strategy, 104, 109; impatience for success, 106–7, 109; army strength, 108; incompetence, 108; conduct of war in North Africa, 109, 370; invades Greece, 115–17; praises attack on Pearl Harbor, 196; decorates submarine commander, 307; admired by Italian-Americans, 402; arrest and fall in Italy, 448, 458; protests to Hitler over German atrocities in Italy, 461; captured and shot, 626

Mustang fighters (US), 442, 486

Mutaguchi, Gen. Renya, 563–4

Muzio Attendolo
(Italian cruiser), 297

Mydans, Carl, 33, 37–8

Myitkyina, Burma, 634

 

 

Nagasaki: atom bombed, xvi, 649–50, 673