All Hell Let Loose (129 page)

Nagumo, Adm. Chuichi, 197, 243, 245, 247, 249, 250, 252–3

Nakagawa, Col. Kunio, 570

Nakayama, Col. Motoo, 234

Namamura, Akira, 649

Naoishi, Lt. Kanno, 643

Naples: prostitution in, 350; Germans despoil, 454

Narvik: proposed Allied expedition to, 36, 41; Allies’ strategic interest in, 48–9; Allies seize from Germans, 51

Naval Expansion Bill (US, 1938), 185

Navereau, Maj., 56

Nazi–Soviet Pact (1939), 2–3, 8, 143

Nazism: war aims, 140–1; and absolute authority, 501; collaborators in occupied Europe, 503; Jewish policy, 507–12, 514, 518–21, 670; T4 euthanasia programme, 507; generals’ opposition to, 551–2; leadership rivalries, 662;
see also
Germany; Hitler, Adolf

Neame, Lt.Gen. Philip, 114

Nehru, Jawaharlal: on British defeat in Burma, 227; anti-British views, 415; writes to Linlithgow on Indian restraint, 418; imprisoned, 421; on Bengal famine, 424

Neill, Lt. Dominic, 434

Neill, George, 589

Nelson, Donald, 184

Némirovsky, Irène, 126, 522–3;
Suite française
, 58, 69, 74, 523

Nesterenko, Maj. Mariya, 162

Neumann, Erich, 524

Neutrality Act (USA), 185

New Guinea
see
Papua New Guinea

New Orleans: shipbuilding, 362

New York Times
, 335

New Zealand: forces in Greece and Crete, 118–20, 122–3; excellence of troops, 131; casualties, 670

Nguyên Giáp, 408

Nicolson, Harold, 215, 364, 493

Nijmegen, 581, 586

Nikulin, Nikolai, 173, 312, 355

Nimitz, Adm. Chester, USN, 244–5, 252–3, 254, 433, 436, 439, 570, 667

Nixon, Barbara, 93–4, 312

NKVD (Soviet secret police): purges, 75; executions and deportations in war against Germany, 149–50; recruitment and strength, 151, 322; on guerrilla fighters, 155; arrests Leningrad dissident, 173; reports cases of cannibalism in Leningrad, 174; units escape from Sevastopol, 301; at Stalingrad, 310; on conditions in Leningrad, 312; suppresses traitors and collaborators, 526; post-war counter-insurgency campaign, 654

Noel-Baker, Philip, 291

Nomonhan Incident (Russia–Japan), 192

Norman, Corp. William, 224

Normandy: battle for (1944), xvi, 533–46, 554–5, 557; landing craft requirements, 362; preparations for invasion, 530–3; airborne landings, 533; seaborne landings (D-Day), 534–5; Allied looting, 536; casualties, 536, 537; soldiers’ experiences and conduct in, 541–5

Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 638

North Africa: German forces in, 100, 111, 114; desert campaign in, 105–6, 108–11, 114–15, 128–30; inactivity, 128, 134; conditions, 134–6; German defeat in, 165; British commitment to, 270, 364; Allied
Torch
landings (November 1942), 282, 298, 361, 366, 375–6; British setbacks, 364–5; British Alamein victory and advance in, 372–4; final Allied victory, 379;
see also
Libya

Northern Ireland: non-adoption of conscription, 399

Norway: neutrality violated by Allies, 39; Germany invades and occupies, 41–2, 43–6, 185; opposes invasion, 46, 48–9; Allied campaign in, 48–50, 52–3; British evacuate, 50; government exiled in Britain, 50; casualties, 52; German bases in, 52, 274, 285; Hitler fortifies coastline, 285

Novy, Henry, 182

Nuremberg trials (war crimes), 672

nurses: female, 358

 

 

O’Callaghan, Father, 637

O’Connor, James, 190

O’Connor, Lt.Gen. Sir Richard, 110–11

Okhapkina, Lidiya, 174

Okinawa, 570, 640–2, 644

Olav, Crown Prince of Norway, 46

Olympic
, Operation, 646–7, 649

Omaha
beach, Normandy, 534

Oppenheimer, Robert, 648

Orange
, Plan (US), 199

Origo, Iris, 443, 455, 458–9, 463

Orwell, George, 518

Oryol, Russia, 156, 392

Osadchinsky, Georgy, 167

Osamu, Dazai, 201

Osmus, Wesley, 251

Ostellino, Lt. Pietro, 114–15, 129, 134, 135, 365, 373, 491

Ostermayr, Herta, 626

Otari
(liner), 278

Overlord
, Operation, 532;
see also
Normandy Overy, Richard, 480;
Why the Allies Won
, xix Owen, Ken, 358, 472, 476–7, 479

Ozawa, Adm. Jizaburo, 566–7, 572–3

 

 

Paber, Capt. Herbert, 301

Pabst, Herbert, 308

Pacific: Japanese advance in, 165; US resources in, 199, 436; US successes in, 231, 564–73; conduct of war in, 236, 254–9, 261–2; Japanese strategy in, 236; losses, 242–3; Australian coastwatchers, 261; Ultra intelligence in, 369; US island-hopping campaign, 435–6; demand on shipping resources, 565; servicemen’s experience of, 565

Page, Michael, 276

Paget, Gen. Bernard, 50

Pajari, Lt.Col. Aaro, 33

Palestine: refugees from Egypt, 365; effect of war on, 673–4

Panaiko (Soviet marine), 311

Panikhidin, Ivan, 389

Papua New Guinea: Australian and US troops in, 253, 266–7, 413, 433; campaign in, 263–7, 435, 439; conditions, 264–5, 267; importance questioned, 267–8

Pares, Sir Bernard, 182

Paris: falls to Germans (1940), 74, 76; falls to Allies (1944), 557

Park, Air Vice-Marshal Keith, 82, 88

Parker, Wilfred, 207

Parsons, George, 48

Partisan Review
(USA), 186

partisans
see
resistance groups

Pas de Calais: in British deception for invasion, 536

Pastré, Countess Lily de, 404

Patch, Gen. Alexander, 579

Patton, Gen. George S.: reputation, 380, 439; excuses US killings of Italians, 445; campaign in Sicily, 447, 449; anti-Semitism, 516; advance in France, 554–5, 577–8; assault on Metz, 583; slow progress through Alsace-Lorraine, 586; aggressiveness, 594, 667; counter-attacks in Ardennes, 594; bridgehead at Oppenheim, 611; reaches Pilsen, 630

Paul, Prince of Yugoslavia, 464–5

Paulus, Field Marshal Friedrich: commands in battle for Stalingrad, 303, 306, 308, 310; encircled, 316; surrenders, 320

Pavlov, Dmitry, 150

Payne, Stanley, 113

Pearl Harbor, xvi, 189, 196–7, 199, 230, 240

Pedestal
(Malta convoy), 295–7

Peleliu island, 570

Penang, 210

Penney, Gen. Bill, 463

Percival, Lt.Gen. Arthur, 203, 208–9, 211–12, 213–14

Pereira, Pedro Teotonio, 112

Perkin, Sgt. Jack, 85

Perrett, Geoffrey, 199

Pershanin, Vladimir, 397

Pershing, Gen. John, 186

Persia: Polish refugees in, 498

Pétain, Marshal Philippe, 70–2, 75, 81, 125, 127, 403, 660

Peter, King of Yugoslavia, 464–6

Peters, Franz, 175

Petrolinas, Kasimir, 489

Petrov, Gennady, 550

Pexton, Sgt. L.D., 64, 79

Pfeffer-Wildenbruch, Gen. Karl, 600, 603

Pflug, Henner, 608, 616

Philippine Sea, Battle of the (1944), 565–7

Philippines: pre-war life in, 202; Japanese attack and conquer, 231–6; MacArthur’s aim to reconquer, 433; MacArthur liberates, 569–70, 574–5, 645, 664; post-war radicalism, 659; casualties, 670

‘Phoney War’, 27–8

Pilcher (of
Anglo-Saxon
), 277

Platt, Gen. Sir William, 109, 411

Pocock, Walter, 92

Pogue, Forrest, 230, 542, 656, 660

Pointblank
, Operation, 443

Poland: Germany invades (1939), 1–5, 8–9; Britain and France give guarantees to, 2–3, 15, 660; pre-war conditions, 2; military campaign, 4–7, 12–13, 18–20; cavalry actions, 5, 12–13; and British-French declaration of war, 11; anti-German massacres, 13; German losses, 13, 22; Germans justify invasion, 14; Jews persecuted, 14, 23, 508, 515–17; partitioned between Germany and Soviet Russia, 15; Britain and France fail to support, 15–17; defeat and surrender, 20; Soviet atrocities and deportations, 21–2; casualties, 22, 670; exiles continue fight against Germany, 22–3, 126; government in exile in London, 22; west annexed by Germany, 23; effect of collapse, 24–5; airmen in Battle of Britain, 84; antagonism to Russia, 305; and acquisition of Enigma machines for Allies, 367; citizens deported to Siberia and gulags, 496–7; communist army in USSR, 498; soldiers and civilians leave Russia for Persia, 498; forces in Italy, 529; and Russian westward advance, 548–9; fate decided at Yalta conference, 595–6; treatment of exiles at war’s end, 654–5

Politz, Germany, 475

Pongratsch, Col. von, 20

Poppel, Martin, 145, 317, 444–5, 535, 545, 608

Port Moresby, Papua, 237, 240, 263, 265

Portal, Marshal of the RAF Sir Charles (
later
Viscount), 228, 476, 481, 484

Portes, Hélène de, 70

Portugal: neutrality, 398

Potentilla
(Norwegian corvette), 280–2

Pound, Adm. Sir Dudley: and Arctic convoys, 285, 291

Powell, Anthony, 343

Pozdnyakov, Semyon, 617

Poznánski, Arthur, 342

PQ16 (Arctic convoy), 290

PQ17 (Arctic convoy): dispersed and destroyed, 290–3

PQ18 (Arctic convoy), 292

Prague: Russians capture, 630

Primosole bridge, Sicily, 446–7

prisoners of war: German exploitation of, 504–6; return to Britain at war’s end, 655–6

promotions (of service leaders), 326

prostitution: increase, xviii; in Italy, 350

Pruller, Lt. Wilhelm, 4

Pujji, Mahender Singh, 417

Purama Quila, India, 420

Putin, Vladimir, 666

Pyle, Ernie, 95, 231, 335, 474

 

 

Quebec conference (September 1943), 451

Queen Victoria Hospital, East Grinstead, 85

Quezon, Manuel L., 231

Quisling, Vidkun, 45–6

 

 

Rabaul, New Britain, 236, 433, 435, 439

Raczyński, Count Edward, 2, 16

radar: developed, 82

Raeder, Adm. Erich: on German naval weakness, 41, 273; and invasion of Norway, 42; Mediterranean strategy, 98

Rainbow 5
, Plan (US), 199

Rajagopalachari, Chakravarthi, 418

Ramsay, Vice-Adm. Bertram: organises

Dunkirk evacuation, 65; naval command for invasion of Europe, 532

Randle, Maj. John, 221, 646

Rangoon, 635, 659

Raspilair, Marine Joseph, 636

Rathbone, Michael, 543

Raymond, Bob, 363

Raynes, Reg, 479

Red Army: and German invasion, 142–3; conscripts and recruits, 151–2; equipment, 152; remains unbroken, 155, 158; casualties, 158, 547–8; reforms (autumn 1942), 308; advances (1943), 321, 394; dominance as ground force, 450; supports Tito in Yugoslavia, 469; mass methods, 546–7; skill in night fighting, 546; conditions and performance, 547–8; advance (summer 1944), 548–50, 589; reaches Berlin, 595; behaviour in Budapest, 604–5; meets Americans at Torgau, 612; captures Berlin, 613; behaviour in Germany, 616–20, 627–8, 629; final assault on Berlin, 621–5; compared with German army, 668;
see also
Soviet Russia

Redkin, Nikolai, 161

Reeve, Bill, 203

Rego family (of Burma), 218–19

Reichardt, Axel, 172

Reichenau, Gen. Walter von, 511

Reichswald forest, 586

Rejewski, Marian, 367

Remagen, 611

Repington, Col. Charles à Court, xx

Reporter, Piloo, 417

resistance groups and partisans: in France, 126–7, 403; in Soviet Russia, 154–5, 391, 546; in Albania, 406; effectiveness, 406; in Italy, 455, 459–60; in Yugoslavia, 466–9

Reston, James:
Prelude to Victory
, 228

Reynaud, Paul: succeeds Daladier as prime minister, 41; and Norway campaign, 50; replaces Gamelin with Weygand, 61; Churchill meets in France, 63; and German advance in France, 63; moves government to Château de Chissay, 70

Rhine, river: Allied advance on, 577–8; Allies cross, 586, 611

Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 8

Rice, Capt. (of
Otari
), 278

Rice, Tilly, 23

Richardson, Brig. Frank, 538

Richelieu
(French battleship), 125

Richey, Paul, 69, 78

Ricketts, Lt. Milton, 239

Riefkohl, Capt. Frederick, USN, 255–6

Riga: Jews shot, 511

Ringer, Panzergrenadier Lt. Ralph, 114

Rink, Herbert, 556–7

Ritchie, Gen. Neil, 136, 364

Robinett, Blair, 234

Rochefort, Cdr. Joseph, 244–5, 253, 369

Rockwell, Norman, 353

Rohland, Walter, 163

Rokossovsky, Gen. Konstantin, 165–7, 384, 389, 608, 615, 623, 668

Roller, Josef, 576

Romania: Soviet deportations from, 75; Germany occupies, 115, 117; oilfields, 117, 463, 487; troops in war against Russia, 315; anti-Semitism, 510, 514; Russians occupy, 550; casualties, 600, 670

Rome: falls to Allies, 530

Rommel, Gen. Erwin: in German advance in France (1940), 62; commands Afrika Korps, 111, 114; threatens Egypt, 115, 306, 365; Cunningham forces to retreat, 128–9; repels Wavell’s offensive, 128; reputation, 130, 138; counter-offensive (January–June 1942), 136–8; shipping losses and fuel shortages, 271, 365–6; over-ambition, 366; retreats from El Alamein, 372, 375; in Tunisia, 378; leaves Africa, 378; Egyptian popular support for, 414; qualities, 668

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 189, 401

Roosevelt, Franklin D.: and Jewish suffering, xvii; faith in Britain prevailing, 30; and US reluctance to participate in war, 183–90; stands for and wins third presidential term (1940), 184, 187; broadcasts warning of effects of Nazi victory, 190; and oil embargo on Japan, 195–6, 432; and attack on Pearl Harbor, 195–6; Churchill meets in Washington: (June 1942), 138; (December 1941), 199; orders MacArthur to leave Philippines for Australia, 233; on U-boat threat, 275; supports Allied supplies for Russia, 284, 295; accepts Churchill’s Mediterranean strategy, 364; decrees
Torch
landings in North Africa, 375; attitude to race, 401; anti-imperialism, 420; disparages MacArthur, 439; granted choice of when to invade, 442; meets Karski, 516; overrules Churchill on bombing of French targets, 531; delays invasion of Europe, 533; unable to restrain MacArthur, 575; death, 647; and Russian alliance, 661; achievements, 663