Americans in Paris: Life & Death Under Nazi Occupation (72 page)

p. 346 ‘You will always be followed … Once they have grilled’
Ibid
., p. 180.

p. 346 In February 1944, Drue
Drue Tartière with M. R. Werner,
The House near Paris: An American Woman’s Story of Traffic in Patriots
, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1944, pp. 235–6.

p. 347 ‘Charles E. Bedaux was’
‘Bedaux Legendary As Mystery Man’,
New York Times,
20 February 1944, p. 28
.

p. 347 ‘consider whether he should’
‘Bedaux Ends Life as He Faces Trial on Treason Count’,
New York Times
, 20 February 1944, p. 1.

p. 347 ‘Bedaux submitted a list’
Edwin A. Lahey, ‘Bedaux and His Friends’,
New Republic
, 6 March 1944, p. 308. (Full article: pp. 307–8.)

p. 348 ‘They subjected investigators’
‘Dead Men Don’t Blab’,
The Nation
, no. 158, 11 March 1944, p. 297.

p. 348 ‘I had been so used’
Gaston Bedaux,
La Vie ardente de Charles Bedaux
, Paris: privately published, 3 June 1959, p. 88.

p. 349 ‘Perhaps I would not’
Edmond Taylor,
Awakening from History
, Boston: Gambit, 1969, p. 328.

p. 350 ‘They have come from America’
Mary Berg (Miriam Wattenberg),
The Diary of Mary Berg: Growing Up in the Warsaw Ghetto
(originally published in English as
Warsaw Ghetto: A Diary
, New York: L. B. Fischer,1945), translation from the Polish by Susan Glass, Oxford: Oneworld, 2006, p. 245.

p. 350 On board the
Gripsholm
‘128 Still Aboard Liner Gripsholm’,
New York Times
, 17 March 1944, p. 5.

p. 351 ‘boarded by an official’
Frank S. Adams, ‘35 Soldiers, Ill but Happy, First to Leave
Gripsholm
’,
New York Times
, 16 March 1944, p. 1.

p. 351 One passenger was … ‘The Paris air’
‘Paris Ghost City, Repatriate Says’,
New York Times
, 17 March 1944, p. 4.

p. 352 ‘Life in Paris’
Clara Longworth de Chambrun,
Shadows Lengthen: The Story of My Life
, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949, p. 181.

p. 353 ‘Those who listened … We could not then’
Ibid
., p. 182.

p. 353 ‘the fallen houses … as he did’
Ibid.
, p. 183.

p. 353 ‘It was an ironical’
Ibid.
, p. 181.

p. 354 ‘The quarter presented … People in this’
Alice-Leone Moats,
No Passport for Paris
, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1945, pp. 237–8.

p. 355 On 9 April, she and René
Yves Pourcher,
Pierre Laval vu par sa fille d’après ses carnets intimes
, Paris, Le Cherche-Midi, 2002, p. 315.

p. 355 ‘I am not unhappy’
Julian Jackson,
France: The Dark Years 1940–1944
, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 310.

p. 355 Josée de Chambrun, one of the most
Pourcher,
Pierre Laval vu par sa fille d’après ses carnets intimes
, p. 312.

p. 355 Moreover … they even consented’
Longworth de Chambrun,
Shadows Lengthen
, p. 183.

p. 356 ‘I hesitated a moment’
Ibid
.

p. 356 ‘During this ceremony’
Longworth de Chambrun,
Shadows Lengthen
, pp. 184–5.

p. 357 ‘I imagine that … tracked it down’
Alice-Leone Moats,
No Passport for Paris
, pp. 217 and 222.

p. 359 ‘From German sources’
Neal H. Petersen (ed.),
From Hitler’s Doorstep: The Wartime Intelligence Reports of Allen Dulles, 1942–1945
, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996, p. 37.

p. 359 Help came from an unexpected
Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?
, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965, pp. 190–91n.

p. 360 While in Niort
Ibid
.

p. 360 Posch-Pastor adopted the alias
Hal Vaughan,
Doctor to the Resistance: The Heroic Story of an American Surgeon and His Family in Occupied France
, Washington: Brassey’s, 2004, p. 105.

p. 361 ‘The lawyer was quite’
Alice-Leone Moats
, No Passport for Paris
, New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1945, p. 243.

p. 361 ‘We all admire’
Ibid
., p. 244.

p. 361 That night, Alice-Leone Moats
Ibid
., p. 274.

p. 363 ‘all general meetings’
Telegram 48-52 to London, 3 July 1943, from Allen Dulles, in Neal H. Petersen (ed.),
From Hitler’s Doorstep: The Wartime Intelligence Reports of Allen Dulles, 1942–1945
, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996, p. 77.

p. 364 ‘compromising letters addressed’
Incoming Telegram, [US Minister to Switzerland Leland] Harrison to Secretary of State, 7 August 1944, RG 59, Decimal File 1940–44, Box 1160, Document 351.1121 Jackson, Sumner W./8-744, US National Archives, College Park, Maryland.

p. 364 Hints that something was wrong
Hal Vaughan,
Doctor to the Resistance: The Heroic Story of an American Surgeon and His Family in Occupied France
, Washington: Brassey’s, 2004, p. 105, p. 109.

p. 366 ‘We were all arrested’
Handwritten letter from Charlotte (Toquette) Jackson to her sister-in-law, Mrs Clifford (Freda) Swensen, 18 May 1945, Massachusetts General Hospital Archives, File: Sumner Jackson.

p. 366 ‘Today is the day … My courage is’
Letter from Charlotte (Toquette) Jackson to her sister, Alice (Tat) Barrelet de Ricou, 31 May 1944, quoted in Vaughan,
Ibid
., p. 112.

p. 367 ‘We had spent 8 days’
Phillip Jackson, handwritten letter, ‘Dear Friends’, 10 May 1945, from Neustadt, Holstein, Germany, Massachusetts General Hospital Archives, File: Sumner Jackson.

p. 367 ‘We were then separated’
Ibid
.

p. 367 ‘As I was an’
Interview with Phillip Jackson, May 2000, Paris, in Vaughan,
Doctor to the Resistance
, p. 114.

p. 368 ‘informed U.S. Legation’
Letter via airmail pouch from Minister, American Legation, Berne, to Secretary of State, 8 June 1944, Document 351.1121, Jackson, Sumner W./6-2944, US National Archives, College Park, Maryland.

p. 368 ‘Swiss Legation Vichy’
Incoming Telegraph, Harrison to Secretary of State, 13 July 1944, RG 59, Decimal File, 1940–44, Document 351.1121 Jackson, Sumner W./7-1344, US National Archives, College Park, Maryland.

p. 368 ‘On June 27, 1944’
‘Memorandum for the American Embassy in Paris’, Enclosure No. 1 to Despatch No. 1148 from American Embassy, Paris, 27 February 1945, 13 July 1944, RG 59, Decimal File, 1940–44, Document 351.1121 Jackson, Sumner W./3-545, US National Archives, College Park, Maryland.

p. 368 ‘At the same time’
Ibid
.

p. 369 ‘We are not in the war’
‘The Unliberated–The France Still in Chains Writhed with Hope and Hate’,
Time
, 19 June 1944.

p. 369 The Resistance did
‘Patriots Cut Rails From Paris South’,
New York Times
, 11 August 1944, p. 3.

p. 369 ‘The star of hope’
Clara Longworth de Chambrun,
Shadows Lengthen: The Story of My Life
, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949, p. 212.

p. 370 Paris, as its supply
Dominiqe Lapierre, ‘August 1944, When Allied Flags Began to Appear in Paris Windows’,
International Herald Tribune
, Paris, 22 August 1994.

p. 371 ‘One fine day’
Phillip Jackson, handwritten letter, ‘Dear Friends’, 10 May 1945, from Neustadt, Holstein, Germany, Massachusetts General Hospital Archives, File: Sumner Jackson. See also State Department typed transcript of the same letter, RG 59, Decimal File, 1945–49, Box 1710, Document 351.1121 Jackson, Sumner W./5-2445. On p. 367 Phillip is quoted that he spent 16 days in the Gestrapo prison, however, in this quote it is 14 days.

p. 371 ‘finally had been’
‘Memorandum for the American Embassy in Paris’, Enclosure No. 1 to Despatch No. 1148 from American Embassy, Paris, 27 February 1945, 13 July 1944, RG 59, Decimal File, 1940–44, Box 5280, Document 351.1121 Jackson, Sumner W./3-545, US National Archives, College Park, Maryland.

p. 371 ‘Inquiry of Swiss Foreign’
Incoming Telegram, Harrison to Secretary of State, 28 August 1944, RG 59, Decimal File, 1940–44, Document 351.1121 Jackson, Sumner W./8-2844, US National Archives, College Park, Maryland.

p. 372 ‘Journey by bus’
Phillip Jackson, handwritten letter, ‘Dear Friends’, 10 May 1945, from Neustadt, Holstein, Germany, Massachusetts General Hospital Archives, File: Sumner Jackson. See also State Department typed transcript of the same letter, RG 59, Decimal File, 1945–49, Box 1710, Document 351.1121 Jackson, Sumner W./5-2445.

p. 372 When he and Phillip
‘Paragraph of a Cable Received’, from Leland Harrison, US Minister to Switzerland, to Secretary of State, 2 June 1944, Cable number 3504, RG 389: Records of the Provost Marshal General, American POW Information Bureau, General Subject File, 1942–1946, File: Vittel Vosges (Frontstalag 194), US National Archives, College Park, Maryland. Harrison wrote that the Germans moved the camp because ‘black market operations were indulged in by certain elements at Compiègne for quite a while’.

p. 372 ‘Red Cross parcels’
Phillip Jackson, handwritten letter, ‘Dear Friends’, 10 May 1945, from Neustadt, Holstein, Germany, Massachusetts General Hospital Archives, File: Sumner Jackson. See also State Department typed transcript of the same letter, RG 59, Decimal File, 1945–49, Box 1710, Document 351.1121 Jackson, Sumner W./5- 2445
.

p. 374 ‘Hitler’s dead’
Roger Manville and Heinrich Fraenkel,
The July Plot: The Attempt on Hitler’s Life in July 1944
, London: The Bodley Head, 1964, p. 130.

p. 375 ‘the nightmare of a shadowy’
Edmond Taylor,
Awakening from History
, Boston: Gambit, 1969, p. 328.

p. 376 ‘Nobody knew why … A man of’
George Martelli with Michel Hollard,
The Man Who Saved London: The Story of Michel Hollard, D.S.O., Croix de Guerre
, London: Companion Book Club, 1960, pp. 235–6.

p. 379 ‘Kindly make it clear’
Neal H. Petersen (ed.),
From Hitler’s Doorstep: The Wartime Intelligence Reports of Allen Dulles, 1942–1945
, University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1996, p. 334.

p. 379 Enfière informed Laval
Hubert Cole,
Laval: A Biography
, London: Heinemann, 1963, p. 262.

p. 379 On the morning of
Larry Collins and Dominique Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?
, New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965, p. 75.

p. 379 Laval was having dinner
Pierre Laval,
The Unpublished Diary of Pierre Laval
, London: Falcon Press, 1948, p. 172.

p. 380 ‘A notice of arrest’
Ibid.
, p. 175.

p. 380 ‘President Herriot and you’
René de Chambrun,
Sorti du rang
, Paris: Atelier Marcel Jullian, 1980, p. 237.

p. 380 ‘it was a marvelous summer day’
Josée Laval de Chambrun, ‘The Last Luncheon with Pierre Laval’, in René de Chambrun,
Pierre Laval: Traitor or Patriot?
, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1984, Exhibit I, p. 193. See also Josée Laval de Chambrun, in ‘A Luncheon on 17 August 1944’,
France During the German Occupation, 1940–1944: A Collection of 292 Statements on the Government of Maréchal Pétain and Pierre Laval,
translated from the French by Philip W. Whitcomb, vol. II, Palo Alto, CA: The Hoover Institution, Stanford University, 1957, pp. 1022–5.

p. 380 ‘Abetz looked very much embarrassed … anecdotes and reminiscences’
de Chambrun,
pp.
194–5.

p. 381 René followed his wife
Ibid.
,
Sorti du rang
, p. 239.

p. 381 ‘There is a side’
de Chambrun,
Pierre Laval: Traitor or Patriot?,
p. 110. Seymour Weller was the cousin of Clarence Dillon, who bought Château Haut-Brion in 1935 at the suggestion of Aldebert de Chambrun. René had been sponsored by Dillon in New York and was a regular guest at his house in Far Hills, New Jersey, before the war.

p. 381 The American was his friend
Seymour Weller’s cousin, Joan de Mouchy, told the author in 2006 that, when a German officer warned him he was about to be interned, he would check into the American Hospital for a supposed operation. Weller was the cousin of Joan’s grandfather, Clarence Dillon, who owned the Château de Haut-Brion vineyards. Pierre Laval sponsored Weller for French citizenship in 1939.

p. 382 ‘I hurried to Matignon … She knew that I’
Clara Longworth de Chambrun,
Shadows Lengthen: The Story of My Life
, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1949, p. 216.

p. 382 ‘in whose hands’
Laval,
The Unpublished Diary of Pierre Laval
, p. 175.

p. 382 ‘The German police’
Longworth de Chambrun,
Shadows Lengthen
, p. 217. Laval wrote that, in fact, three of his ministers managed to disappear: Cathala, Grasset and Chassaigne (Pierre Laval,
The Unpublished Diary of Pierre Laval
, p. 175).

p. 382 The three Chambruns
Collins and Lapierre,
Is Paris Burning?
, p. 93.