Anne Morrow Lindbergh: Her Life (89 page)

²¹
WW&W
, AML diary, 3/12/42, p. 252.

²²
Betty Friedan,
The Feminine Mystique
, New York: Dell Publishing Co., 1963.

²³
WW&W
, AML letter to CAL, 4/8/42, pp. 257–258.

²⁴
WW&W
, CAL letter to AML, 4/10/42, pp. 259–260.

²⁵
WW&W
, AML diary, 11/6/41, pp. 236–237.

²⁶
Ibid., 12/10–12/13/42, p. 242.

²⁷
WW&W
, AML letter to CAL, 5/26/42, pp. 266–267.

²⁸
WW&W
, AML diary, 7/18/42, pp. 272–276.

²⁹
Elizabeth-Anne Wheal, Stephen Pope, and James Taylor,
A Dictionary of the Second World War
, London: Grafton, 1989, p. 105.

³⁰
Daniel Goldhagen, op. cit., p. 98; and Ron Rosenbaum,
Explaining Hitler: the Search for the Origins of his Evil
, New York: Random House, 1998, pp. 42–43, 373–374.

³¹
CAL,
Wartime Journals
, 7/31/42, pp. 684–685.

³²
WW&W
, AML diary, 8/2/42–8/4/42, pp. 282–285.

³³
Ibid., 8/12/42, pp. 287–294.

³⁴
CAL,
Wartime Journals
, 8/13/42, p. 696.

³⁵
WW&W
, AML diary, “Coming Home,” pp. 298–300.

³⁶
AML,
Steep Ascent
, New York: Harcourt Brace, 1944.

³⁷
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, “To All Frenchmen Everywhere,”
NYT Magazine
, 11/23/42.

³⁸
WW&W
, AML diary, 11/28/42, pp. 306–307.

³⁹
Ibid., p. 309.

⁴⁰
Ibid., 12/20/42, p. 312.

29. THROUGH A GLASS DARKLY

¹
The Variorum Edition of the Poems of W. B. Yeats
, Peter Alt, ed., New York: Macmillan, 1987, p. 477.

²
WW&W
, AML Diary, 1/26/43, pp. 320–322.

³
The title
Steep Ascent
came from a nineteenth-century Presbyterian hymn by Reginald Heber. Like Anne’s poem “St. Christopher,” it asks “Who will bear the burdens of Christ?” It speaks of the saints who sacrifice themselves in a war against tyranny and brute force. They are a noble army, not only of men and boys, but of matrons and maids, who will climb the Steep Ascent of Heaven. May all of us, wrote Heber, follow in their train and receive the gift of grace.

⁴
WW&W
, AML diary, 2/18/43, pp. 325–326.

⁵
Ibid., 9/3/43, p. 386.

⁶
Ibid., 3/15/43, pp. 330–331.

⁷
Ibid., 4/17/43, p. 340.

⁸
Robert Goralski, op. cit., pp. 265–281.

⁹
CAL,
Wartime Journals, 1/6/44, p
. 756.

¹⁰
Ibid., 4/3/44, p. 775.

¹¹
WW&W
, 4/5/44, AML diary, p. 424.

¹²
CAL,
Wartime Journals, 6/9/44, p
. 847.

¹³
St. Louis Post-Dispatch
, 3/11/50, “Lindbergh Flew 50 War Missions, Bombed and Strafed Japs in Pacific.”

¹⁴
CAL,
Wartime Journals
, 5/24/44, p. 821.

¹⁵
Robert Goralski, op. cit., 6/6/44, p. 321.

¹⁶
WW&W, AML diary, 7/29/44, pp. 436–437.

¹⁷
Ibid., 6/20/44, pp. 426–427.

¹⁸
John Jay Chapman and His Letters
, M. A. De Wolfe Howe, ed., as cited in
WW&W
, AML letter to CAL, 7/2/44, p. 429.

¹⁹
Robert Goralski, op. cit., 8/24/44 and 8/25/44, p. 340.

²⁰
Newsweek
, 9/11/44, “Collaboration Camp;”
NYT
, 8/31/44, “Dr. Carrel Arrested as Vichy Adherent;”
NYT
, 8/29/44, “French Health Chief Dismisses Dr. Carrel;” and
New York Herald Tribune
, 8/29/44, “Dr. Alexis Carrel Dismissed as Head of Institute in Paris.”

²¹
Katherine Crutcher [Carrel’s Assistant] letter to R. B. Wolf, 9/11/44, Rockefeller Archives.

²²
NYT
, 11/6/44, “Dr. Alexis Carrel Dies in Paris at 71;”
Time
, 11/13/44, “Died: Dr. Alexis Carrel;”
The Catholic World
, 12/1/44, “Noted Scientist Dies in Paris.”

²³
Letter from Brigadier General T. Bentley Mott to Mr. Frederic Coudert, Sr., 12/10/44, Rockefeller Archives.

²⁴
NYT
, 9/21/44, “Lindbergh Arrives Home.”

²⁵
CAL,
Wartime Journals
, 9/20/44, pp. 926–927.

²⁶
Ibid.

²⁷
AML,
The Gift from the Sea
.

²⁸
WW&W
, AML diary, 10/8/44, p. 447.

²⁹
Ibid., 10/27/44, pp. 450–452.

³⁰
CAL,
Wartime Journals
, 5/17/45, pp. 942–943.

³¹
Ibid., 5/18/45, pp. 946–951.

³²
Lucy Dawidowicz,
The War Against the Jews, 1933–1945
, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1975.

³³
CAL,
Wartime Journals
, p. 949.

³⁴
NYT
, 12/18/45, “Lindbergh Urges Power-Backed Uno.”

30. PURE GOLD

¹
AML,
The Unicorn and Other Poems
, p. 49. This chapter is based on interviews with Anne’s family and friends. Everyone wanted to talk about
Gift from the Sea
.
However, James Newton, who had accompanied Anne and Charles on their early trips to Captiva, Margot Morrow Wilkie, who was among those who visited Anne during her stay, Ernestine Stodell Chamberlain, who read Anne’s original manuscript, and their youngest child, Reeve Lindbergh Tripp, contributed most to my understanding.

²
Interview with Reeve Lindbergh Tripp.

³
A. Scott Berg, op. cit., p. 481.

⁴
Interview with Margot Wilkie, 8/24/94.

⁵
Dr. John Rosen founded a branch of Freudian psychoanalysis, first known as direct analysis and later as direct psychoanalysis, in the late 1940s. Frustrated by the general reluctance to use psychoanalysis instead of pharmacology to treat pathology, Rosen studied psychiatry and published papers on his methods of resolving psychosis with direct analytic therapy. His approach gained momentum in the 1950s. By the 1960s, criticism of his methods exploded, and he was accused of “ignoring the plight of 60,000 retarded” in his position as chairman of the Philadelphia Health Department’s Board of Mental Health and Mental Retardation. Former patients accused him of abuse, both physical and sexual, and one patient died in his care. Rosen, then 78, denied all charges, but two of his aides pleaded guilty to manslaughter. Dr. John Rosen File, Temple University Urban Archives.

⁶
NYT, 4/14/47, “Lindbergh Urges U.S. World Role.”

⁷
CAL,
Of Flight and Life
, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1947.

⁸
Interview with AML.

⁹
Interview with Ernestine Stodell Chamberlain, 12/7/85.

¹⁰
Interview with Christian Wolff, 1/28/99; AML correspondence with Kurt Wolff, Kurt Wolff Papers, Beineke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University;
New Yorker
, “Profiles: Imprint,” Herbert Mitgang, 8/2/82, p. 41 et seq.

¹¹
Interview with AML.

¹²
Betty Friedan, op. cit., pp. 154–155; Barbara Miller Solomon, op. cit., p. 63.

¹³
Ibid., p. 13.

¹⁴
William H. Chafe,
The American Woman: Her Changing Social and Economic and Political Roles, 1920 to 1970
, New York: Oxford University Press, 1972, pp. 203–225.

¹⁵
AML,
Gift from the Sea
, p. 26.

¹⁶
Ibid., p. 96.

¹⁷
Ibid., p. 108–109.

¹⁸
Interview with AML.

¹⁹
GFTS
would go on to sell 600,000 hardcover copies, and 3,000,000 copies in all English-language editions over the life of the title. Between 10,000 and 15,000 copies continue to be printed each year, and 26 publishers have printed
GFTS
in other languages.

31. MIDSUMMER