“Hallmarks,” said Daphne.
“Fascinating things,” said Berry. “And most romantic. They’re rather faint sometimes. Been polished away.”
“I never can read them,” said Jill. “I get as far as the Lion and then I’m done.”
“No one but an expert,” said Berry, “can read the date which they tell without consulting a book – unless, of course, he’s got a very old-fashioned memory. I mean, how many ordinary human beings, who are interested in old silver, could tell you the date-letter for 1782? Not one in a thousand. But, so far as Georgian silver is concerned, if you can remember two dates, you’ll get a long way. Only two dates.”
“Please go on,” said everyone.
“Well, up to the end of the year 1784, all Georgian silver bore only four hallmarks. These were the Leopard’s Head, the Lion Passant, the Date Letter and the Maker’s Mark. But in 1785 another hallmark was added – namely the King’s Head. So that after 1784 the number of hallmarks on Georgian silver is five. And that is the first date to remember – 1784.
“The second date to remember is 1823, for after 1823 the Leopard’s Head was uncrowned. Till then, it had always worn a crown. So that the appearance of the Leopard’s Head uncrowned shows that that particular piece of silver was assayed after 1823.
“Manifestly, if you can remember those two dates, you can get quite a long way. Five marks means ‘later than 1784’: the Leopard’s Head uncrowned means ‘later than 1823’.”
“I take it,” said I, “that what you have said applies to silver assayed in London.”
“Yes,” said Berry. “To silver assayed in the provinces, I cannot speak. But as five-sixths of the silver assayed seems to have been assayed in London, it’s near enough.”
“I entirely agree.”
My sister was regarding my wife.
“What a good thing, darling,” she said, “we didn’t buy that skewer.”
Berry looked up.
“What skewer?” he said.
“It was in the Red Cross sale we went to today. Two of the hallmarks were clear, but the others were worn. But I know there were only four.”
“
Only four?
” screamed Berry. “How much did they want for it?”
“Thirty shillings,” said Daphne. “But you said—”
“I said that if there were only four marks, that meant that the silver was assayed before 1785.”
Daphne’s hand flew to her lip.
“Oh dear,” she said. “I’ve got it the wrong way round. I was mixing it up with the Leopard.”
Jonah and I were laughing, but Berry had his hands to his head.
“God give me strength,” he wailed. “I’ve done more harm than good. What was the skewer’s condition?”
“Lovely,” said Jill. “It wanted cleaning, of course.”
“What were the marks you could see?”
“Well, the Lion was clear. That’s how we knew it was silver.” Berry covered his eyes. “And it had two initials together.”
“That’s right,” said Daphne. “They were beautifully clear. Would that be the Maker’s Mark?”
“Yes,” said Berry, “it would. Er, what were the initials?”
Daphne regarded Jill.
“T C,” said my wife.
Berry stifled a scream.
“A good-looking skewer by Tom Chawner…assayed not later than 1784…offered for thirty shillings…and you turned it down… It’d fetch ten guineas at Christie’s. Besides, I wanted a skewer to open my letters with.”
There was a dreadful silence.
Then –
“We’ll go again tomorrow,” said Daphne. “Tell me the dates again.”
“Just go and buy it,” said Berry. “Don’t worry about any dates. I don’t want you to turn it down because the Leopard is crowned.” He sighed. “Don’t bother about what I said. Forget the dates. Only remember this – that anything with ONLY four hallmarks is worth having, because that means that it was assayed before… Oh dear, there we go again. Well, never mind. Just absorb the fact that anything with ONLY four hallmarks is worth having.”
“That’s much simpler,” said Daphne.
Shortly before luncheon on the following day she and Jill returned with Tom Chawner’s skewer. They had also purchased the most hideous and revolting cream jug that I have ever seen. When this was produced to Berry, he stared upon it in horror and then averted his gaze.
“Remove that vessel,” he said. “I don’t doubt it’s ‘A Present from Margate’, but it makes me feel physically sick.”
“Well, we didn’t like it,” said Jill, “but it’s only four marks.”
This was quite true.
But it had been assayed in 1895
. And the duty mark of the Sovereign’s Head was abolished in 1890, after a run of more than a hundred years.
My sympathies lay with Berry. One cannot think of everything. After all, he
had
said ‘Georgian silver’.
Berry looked at me.
“When you and I,” he said, “were members of Harrow School, we were more fortunate than we knew, for we came in for the very last years of the masters of the old school.”
“What exactly d’you mean?” said Daphne.
“Well, when Boy and I were there, at least twelve of the masters had been born before the year 1850 and three of those had been born before 1840. So they may fairly be said to have belonged to the old school. All were men of letters, and their methods and their manners were incomparable. They showed no signs of age: their brains were clear: their eyes were not dim nor their natural force abated. All their lives they had applied themselves unto wisdom, so that, young and careless as we were, we could not help learning of them and picking up some of the crumbs that fell from their handsome tables. One or two of the younger men – notably N K Stephen – maintained the great tradition; but as a rule, when they died or retired, they were found to be irreplaceable. Now all those great leases expired while we were yet at Harrow or very soon after we left: so, as I said to begin with, we were very fortunate.
“What made me remember them was an absurd occasion when I was ‘up to’ Jack Stogdon, that is to say, I was due to receive instruction at his hands. ‘Jack’ was an institution. He was very quiet and gentle, seemed unaware of what was going on, yet never missed anything. When he was afoot, his eyes seemed always to be upon the ground; yet never in his life, when a passing boy touched his hat to him, did he fail to touch his mortar-board in return. It was always said that he used to salute such lamp-posts as he passed in this way. One of the new masters who arrived just before I left apparently considered it beneath his dignity to touch his cap in return and never did so. You may imagine the contempt with which such a breach of good manners was received.
“Well, when I was in ‘Jack’s’ form – the First Fifth, I think – once a week he used to teach us English History. And the way he went about it was this. He would talk to us about some great matter, such as, for instance, the rise and fall of Cardinal Wolsey, in a friendly, informal way, inviting questions as he went. And we were supposed to take notes of what he said. During the following week we were required to write out, in the form of an essay, what he had told us. This, in our note-books. He never examined our efforts, but the next time he took us in History, he would pick two of us at random and desire us to read our essays aloud, before he began his new talk. As there were about twenty-five of us in his form, once you’d been picked, the probability was that you wouldn’t be picked again that term, and any way we didn’t bother very much, but trusted to luck. On this particular occasion, I’d forgotten all about the essay until the night before, and when I looked at my notes, they told me nothing at all. Boy was in the Second Fifth, so he couldn’t help. Still, I did remember the subject, which was Mary, Queen of Scots, and, since the only history book I could find was Gilbert à Beckett’s
Comic History of England
, in desperation I copied out some extracts from that and hoped for the best.
“The next morning, of course, ‘Jack’ picked me at once…”
“I can still hear the roars of laughter from the rest of the form, as I read out Gilbert à Beckett’s ridiculous sentences. But ‘Jack’ declined to be amused and fairly put it across me, as, of course, I deserved.
“But worse was to come. When he’d finished with me, he called upon Guy Ridley, a most entertaining fellow and a younger son of the Judge. Now Ridley was not only entertaining, but he was enterprising and bold. Since ‘Jack’ had called upon him only the week before, he hadn’t troubled to write an essay at all: but that didn’t daunt him. To our unspeakable delight, he rose in his place and, holding his note-book before him, endeavoured to make a speech – upon what he remembered of Mary, Queen of Scots. As he progressed, frowning upon a manuscript which was not there, we were ready to die of laughter which we dared not express. Ridley got through about three sentences. Then he began to hesitate.
“‘What’s the matter?’ said ‘Jack’. ‘Can’t you read your own writing?’
“‘Not very well, sir,’ said Ridley. ‘I’m afraid I wrote it rather hastily.’
“‘Let me see if I can read it,’ said ‘Jack’, beginning to understand.
“So Ridley took the book up…
“‘Jack’ really was cross by now and fairly let Ridley have it. Happily the next fellow he picked put up a respectable show. But he was much put out, and Ridley and I, who had afforded our fellows entertainment of a high order, had our tails between our legs.” Berry looked at me. “From the foolish grin on your face, I suppose you remember something worse.”
“I remember a disaster,” I said, “which occurred in the Upper Sixth. That was taken by Hallam, the grammarian. He was a corker and worked us terribly hard. I’m thankful to say I spent only two terms with him. Then I passed on into the still waters of ‘The Twelve’.”
“Where you did no work at all.”
“Well, we went as we pleased – more or less. If we liked writing Greek Verses, we were encouraged to write them. It was a kind of sanctuary. And now let’s get back to the Upper Sixth.
“Once a week, Wood, the Headmaster, used to take that form. And with him, we always read Homer. At the end of the hour he’d say what passage he wished us to prepare for the following week. And when the time came, each of us rose in order and translated aloud ten lines. Well, that was easy enough. Say I was tenth in the form, I was prepared to translate from line 90 to line 100 or thereabouts. But no more. You see, he always took us in order: so you couldn’t go wrong. And then one terrible day, the second boy in the form had fallen suddenly sick. And the first thing we knew of his sickness was when he failed to appear…
“You may imagine the result. When Number Three broke down, Wood looked at him very hard, just said ‘Sit down’ and put on Number Four. When Number Four broke down, Wood never even said ‘Sit down’, but called upon Number Five. When Number Five broke down, Wood sat back in his chair.
“‘Has anyone here,’ he said, ‘learned more than his ten lines?’
“There was a dreadful silence.
“‘I see,’ said Wood, coldly. ‘In that case, you’d better listen to me while I translate the passage which you were asked to prepare.’
“With that, he rendered some two hundred and fifty lines of
The Iliad
in the most beautiful English.
“When he had finished, he closed his Homer and rose.
“‘We’ll go on from there next time,’ he said.
“His failure to punish or even upbraid us hit us much harder than could have any penalty: and every one of us had prepared the whole passage next time. But Wood was a great gentleman. When the time came, he put us on to translate in just the same order as before. First, Number One, then Number Two, and so on.”
“Superb,” said Berry.
“The old school,” said I. “Can anyone wonder that we found him worshipful?”
There was a little silence.
Then Berry let out a squeal.
“My God,” said Daphne. “Darling, must you do that?”
“Sorry, my sweet. But I have at last remembered what I have been trying to remember for more than a month. I’ve remembered it in Boy’s absence again and again. But never in his presence, which, however undesirable, is in this case necessary. Of course my memory today is too awful. I rang up Coates at the Embassy the other day, and when he came through, I couldn’t remember his name. I’d just asked for him, too.”
“Whatever did you do?” said Jonah.
“Told him,” said Berry. “I couldn’t keep on saying ‘you’. He was very nice about it.”
“The things you get away with,” I said. “Well, what is it you want to ask me? Or have you forgotten again?”
There was an agonized silence, while Berry clasped his head in his hands.
Then –
“It had gone,” he said. “I only just got it back. I tell you, my memory today—”
“ Look here,” I said, “you’ll forget it again in a minute. Why don’t you say what it is?”
“I want to throw back,” said Berry. “You remember that death-bed Will case Coles Willing took you to hear?”
“Vividly,” I said.
“Well, we were all agreed that, if justice had been done the executors of the new Will would have gone to jail. Now if criminal proceedings had been instituted, what would they have been charged with?”
“With forgery of a Will.”
“Forgery?”
“Yes. If the nurses were to be believed, the testatrix was as good as unconscious when, by the solicitor’s orders, the pen was held into her hand and her signature was affixed. In such circumstances it could clearly have been maintained that that was ‘the false making of a Will of a living person’, and that is forgery.”
“The Law is very jealous of Wills?”
“Of all to do with them. At least, it used to be. Some Judge once said, ‘The testator must be allowed the utmost eccentricity.’ By which, of course, he meant that however eccentric the directions, they must be observed. And anyone who is convicted of forging a Will or of destroying or even concealing a Will may be sent to penal servitude for life.”
“I never knew that,” said Berry. “Does the same apply to a Codicil?”
“Oh, yes. To any testamentary instrument. The Law very properly regards them as sacred things. After all, they are the spokesmen of the dead.” I hesitated. “For all that, signed and attested as they may be, not all of them come to be proved.”
“What ever do you mean?” said Daphne.
“This,” said I. “Within a few hours of the testator’s death, many an unwelcome Codicil has disappeared. Unless it has been properly drawn by a firm of solicitors, there is very little risk. And even then, who is to say that the testator didn’t change his mind and destroy it himself?”
“
Adela Leith
did it, in
Period Stuff
.”
“I know,” I said, laughing. “She could have been sent to penal servitude for life. And there you are. Who was to know? The thing was too easy. A Will made in an hotel more than a year before, witnessed by the porter and a floor-waiter, and no solicitors employed. Nobody knew of its existence. You can’t be surprised that the Law does its best to protect such very vulnerable things. And don’t forget that the temptation is terrific. Take this imaginary case. A woman is the dutiful wife of a susceptible man. After a long illness, he dies. Going through his papers, she finds a recent, home-made Codicil, by which he has devised half his fortune to his designing young nurse. If you were the widow, what would you do?”
“Shove it in the fire,” said Berry. “Without the slightest compunction. I should lock the door first, of course.”
“Well, there you are. Penalties or no, the only safe place for a testamentary document is the strong-room of a solicitor.”
Berry looked round.
“This book,” he said, “will make some people think, won’t it?”
“It may,” I said.
“How many letters did you get after
As Berry and I Were Saying
about Trustees?”
“Quite a lot,” I said. “But no one went empty away. I don’t say that all were content. One or two of the younger generation, who wanted to blue their substance, seemed to think they were on a good thing. I was rather severe with them. But the responsible people who wrote to me, seemed to be satisfied with my replies. Once or twice I had to point out that we had not written a text-book, but that if they submitted their case to the Court of Chancery, what did they think that such a Court would say. To that, they had no answer. You were on very good ground.”
“But, darling,” said Daphne, “you don’t suggest that Wills and Codicils are often destroyed?”
“Good lord, no. I should think it’s extremely rare. But that such things have been done, I have no doubt.”
“I feel,” said Berry, “that
Her Grace the Duchess of Whelp
would have put it higher than that.”
“She was very outspoken,” I said.
“She knew her world,” said Berry. “
Humanum est errare
– don’t forget that. Inclination and Opportunity are a tempting pair; but when they are reinforced by Impunity – well, such a coalition is formidable indeed.”
“That’s very true.”
“Darling,” said Jill, “what is a home-made Will?”
“I gave it that name, my sweet. I meant a Will that has not been drawn by a solicitor. Any fool can draw a Will, if it’s a simple one. It’s only got to be signed by the Testator in the presence of two witnesses who must append their signatures. I think I’m right in saying that a Will consisting of the words ‘All to my wife’, duly signed and attested, has been admitted to probate. So long as its meaning is clear, the traditional phraseology may be omitted. Mark you, I don’t recommend this. It’s much better to write down what you want done and give it to a solicitor, who will then put your wishes into the shape and form in which they should be presented. You’ve no idea how easy it is for a layman to write down something which seems to him quite clear, which is in fact ambiguous. More than one very great lawyer has drawn his own Will and, when he has died, the construction of that Will has presented so much difficulty that the ruling of the Court has had to be sought before it could be proved. But over and over again in an emergency, the home-made Will has, so to speak, saved the game.”
“How astonishing,” said my sister, “that an eminent lawyer should have gone wrong.”
“Yes, it is very strange. I believe I’m right in saying that the first Viscount Esher was one of the culprits. And he was the Master of the Rolls. I may be wrong, but it was either he or one of his predecessors. I think it was Esher – a most distinguished lawyer. He spent nearly sixty years at the Bar and on the Bench and only retired a few years before my acquaintance with the Law Courts began.
“Which reminds me that among the letters I got after the publication of
As Berry and I Were Saying
was a very civil one from a reader, venturing to deplore the words I had used of one of the Judges of my time. I had said, ‘Such men are not bred today.’”
“Nor they are,” said Berry.
“Well, that was all right. But he added that that was an unfair reflection upon the present Lord Chief Justice, Lord Goddard.”