Authors: Adam Zamoyski
Lignières, Marie Henry, Lt Comte de 99, 391, 393, 509, 533, 537
Lindner, Major von 190
Linsingen, Capt. von 261
List, Capt. Frédéric Charles 339
Lithuania 306
comet seen in 78
Napoleon’s intentions for 131, 160
partisans 563n
peasants 162
Russian forces in 117, 127
supply problems in 157
troops raised in 165, 171, 228, 311
wish for reunification with Poland 160, 161
Llanza, Don Raphael de 532, 542
Lobanov-Rostovsky, Gen. 27, 342
London 547
Lopez, Col. 540
Lorge, Gen. 278
Loshnitsa 461
Louis XVI, King of France 110
Louis XVIII, King of France 11
Louise, Queen of Prussia 26, 43, 53
Löwenstern, Eduard von 238
Löwenstern, Woldemar Hermann von:
accused of spying 237–8
on Barclay at Valutina Gora 224
at Borodino 259, 271, 274
on degeneration of Russian army 494–5
on Kutuzov’s fear of Napoleon 435
on Ney 427
on resistance of retreating French troops 436
on treatment of prisoners 404
on wounding of Bagration 271
Lubenkov, Capt. N. 271
Lubino 222, 223
map 224
Luchesa river 178
Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstädt 44–5, 108
Lützen, Battle of 545
Lützow, Leo von 170
Luzha river 369, 371, 374, 375
Lyautey, Lt Hubert 214–15, 487
Macdonald, Marshal Jacques-Étienne, Duc de Tarente 140, 155, 176, 194, 534–5
Corps of,
see
Grande Armée: 10th Corps
Mack, Gen. Karl von 25
Madrid 35, 38, 338, 361
Maievsky, Capt. S. 249, 360
Maillard, Jean Pierre 529
Mailly, Adrien, Comte de 184, 367, 368, 379, 388, 441, 511–12
Mainz 108
Maistre, Joseph de 26, 126, 318, 432
Malet, Gen. Claude François de 407
Maloyaroslavets 369, 371–6, 420, 432, 488, 526
map 372
Marakuev, M.I. 324
Marbot, Antoine-Marcelin, Baron de 355–6, 459, 485
Marchal (French ranker) 339
Marchenko, Vasily Romanovich 431, 563n
Maret, Hugues Bernard, Duc de Bassano 86, 107
and American Minister 338
as Foreign Minister 76
Napoleon’s correspondence with 177, 194, 195, 228, 312, 338, 409, 425, 491–2
and Poland 132, 195
as propagandist 194, 312, 493
in Vilna 176, 491, 501–2, 507
Maria Fyodorovna, Dowager Empress 36, 56–7, 245, 306, 432, 544
Maria Ludovica, Empress of Austria 49, 109, 110
Marie-Antoinette, Queen of France 110
Marie-Louise, Empress of France 138, 282, 312, 469
birth of son 2–4
childhood 4
imperial progress of 108, 109
marriage to Napoleon 4, 9, 52, 57–8, 134, 145
reunited with Napoleon 524–5
Marienburg 144
Marienwerder 537
Markovo 493
Marmont, Marshal Auguste de, Duc de Raguse 235, 261
Martens, Christian Septimus von 233, 400, 508
Martos, Capt. 478
Marxism xvi, xix-xx
Materre, Col. Jean Baptiste 389
Maximillian I, King of Bavaria 45
Medyn 354, 374, 375, 377, 523
maps 372, 382
Meerheimb, Franz von 100, 278, 279
Melet (dragoon of the Guard) 491
Meller Zakomelsky, Gen. Piotr Ivanovich 119
Meneval, Claude-François 111
Mestivier, Dr 257
Metternich, Count Clemens 58, 79, 131
Michaud, Col. Alexandre 171, 313, 316, 433
Mickiewicz, Adam 555
Mikhailovsky-Danilevsky, A.I. xvii
Miloradovich, Gen. Mikhail Andreievich 335, 363
approaches Moscow with rearguard 292, 294
battle with Ney 426–7
blocks French retreat 420, 422
at Borodino 270
commands reinforcements 251
at Krasny 421
meeting with Murat 348
pursues retreating French 381, 386, 387–8, 407
Serbian nationality 62
treatment of prisoners 445
at Vinkovo 363
Minsk 131, 354, 412, 461, 491
Davout’s troops in 162, 166
as French base 193, 305, 352
retaken by Chichagov, 437, 458
maps 181, 437, 503
Mir 166
map 167
Mitarevsky, Lt Nikolai 207, 262, 266, 289, 334, 335, 434, 435
Modlin 83
Mogilev 212
Moldavia 20, 37, 104
army of 119, 437
Molodechno 493, 495
Montesquiou, Comtesse de 3, 4, 145
Montesquiou-Fezensac, Anatole de 157, 492
Morand, Gen. Charles Antoine, Comte 343
infantry division of 148, 216, 258, 272, 278
Mortier, Marshal Adolphe Édouard, Duc de Trevise 134, 415
appointed Governor of Moscow 299, 300
corps commander 355
at Krasny 422
ordered to abandon Moscow 369–70
retreats with Young Guard 373, 377, 419, 424
Moscow 93, 131, 132, 197, 229, 257
administration 337
Alexander visits 203–6, 240
collaborators dealt with 548
entertainments in 346–7
fall of 290–5, 313, 315, 332
fire of 300–2, 304, 306–8, 324, 527, 536, 576n, 577n
French abandon 355, 364–70
as French base 353
French billets in 342–3
French Governor of 299
French occupation 294, 297–304, 311–12, 337–47, 522
kindness of citizens 532
Kremlin fired 370
looting 299–304, 340–1, 344–5
military governor of 240–1, 299–300
Napoleon leaves occupying force in 355
popular mood in 240–4
preparedness to withstand French 289–90
reoccupation of 432
Russian evacuation of 242, 290, 292–3, 298, 576n
Russian retreat towards 288–9
women of 340
Moskva river 252, 258
Mouton, Gen. Georges, Comte de Lobau 496, 573n
Mozhaisk 251, 254, 339, 369
French retreat to 377, 379
Junot’s Westphalians based in 348, 368
kindness of locals 322
Kutuzov aims to fight at 289
Kutuzov pulls back to 286
wounded in 284, 311, 353–4
maps 333, 372, 382
Mukhanov, Col. 171fn
Müller, Johannes von 50
Muralt, Albert de 394, 398, 489
Murat, Joachim, King of Naples 179, 193, 234, 465, 525
actions in battle 177, 178, 224
background 139
at Borodino 270–1, 275
cavalry commander 139, 174–5, 351
colourful appearance of 175, 507
and conspiracy theories 237–8
evacuates Königsberg 535
fails to rally army 533–4
headquarters in Königsberg 533, 534
leads advance guard 332
Neapolitan army of 85
ordered to hold Vilna 502
plans to save Napoleon 464
pursues Barclay 155, 174–7
reaches Vilna 506–7
reckless bravery of 139, 175, 177
relations with enemy 348
on road from Vilna 512–13, 518
Russian attack on 362–3
supports Napoleon’s plan for pitched battle 374
takes over command from Napoleon 495–6, 508, 510–11
unsuitability for Polish throne 133
Muraviov, A.N. 168, 293, 325
Musin-Pushkin, Countess 299
Musset, Alfred de 555
Nansouty, Gen. Étienne, Comte de 158, 165
Napoleon I, Emperor xxii, 1–16
abdication and exile 546, 556
absents himself from armies 174, 495–6, 502, 507, 591n
ambitions of 6–9, 33–4, 411
appearance 14
armistice rejected by 545
attitude towards Russian war 61, 71–4, 79, 92, 111, 130–1
at Berezina 464–6, 467, 480
birth of heir 2–4, 10–11, 260
at Borodino 254, 257–8, 263–5, 271–2, 276, 280, 573n
and Bourbons 6, 10
campaigning 100, 134, 144, 146–50, 155, 191–2, 196, 213, 263, 454 5
complacency 352
considers returning to Paris 380, 420
and Continental System 67, 69–70, 103
disheartened at progress of campaign 227–8
as Emperor 7, 9, 24, 43
enemies of 52–3, 55, 407
energised by difficulties 460, 465
fails to organise retreat 383,
418—19
faith of troops in 234, 455–6, 469
fear of losing face 383, 413, 419
fictional future of 554–5
as First Consul 21
ignorant of condition of troops 192
ill health 14, 257, 272, 282, 572n, 573n
impassivity of 416
imperial progress of 108–10
inspirational effect on troops 84–5, 87–8, 225–6, 272, 350, 378
at Krasny 422
marriage proposal to Russian princess 56–7, 68
marriage to Marie-Louise 4, 9, 57–8, 66
military campaigns 7–8, 11–14, 25–7, 38, 43, 51, 75
misjudges condition of troops 351
misunderstands Russians 155, 165, 225, 234
in Moscow 297–8, 300–1, 304–5, 307–8, 311, 337–9, 346, 347, 351–2, 364
motives for war 105–6, 520
on nature of greatness 235
news management 194, 312, 493
offers to negotiate 111, 128, 145, 154, 304–8
and Papacy 46
personality of 7, 14, 194, 378–9, 460
physical decline 14–15
plans Russian campaign 131–2, 139–40, 144, 196–7, 227, 373–4
and Polish question 58–61, 72, 160, 195, 520
proclamations 147–8, 161, 265–6, 425
procrastination and indecision 176, 178, 197, 352, 358, 375, 419
rages 377–8
reflections on war 520–3 ;
relations with Alexander 24, 25, 27–9, 32, 33, 35–9, 56, 61, 73–5, 77, 105, 132, 159–60, 164, 228
relations with commanders 167–8, 229, 411, 495
relations with Marie-Louise 134, 145, 260–1, 339
renews hostilities 524, 525. 545
reputation of xvi-xvii, 24, 26–7, 30, 42–3, 48–9, 544, 555–7
retreats from Moscow 368–9, 377, 406
retreats from Smolensk 419, 420, 422, 424–5, 438–9, 458, 482
return journey to Paris 505, 520–2, 524
seizes power 5–6
self-delusion 160, 351–2
in Smolensk 408–9, 411, 416, 419
tactical errors 178, 214, 227, 257, 258, 276, 522–3
and Treaty of Tilsit 32, 43–4
and troop numbers 142–3
usual tactics of 93
war preparations 80–4, 92–3, 96, 107–8
withdrawal from Moscow 351–5
Napoleon II, King of Rome 1–5, 10–11, 145
Gérard’s portrait of 260, 337
Narbonne, Louis, Comte de 193
courage in midst of disaster 488
on Napoleon’s indecision 196–7
and Polish question 132
special envoy to Tsar 111, 128–30
warns of difficulties of campaign 131, 229
Naryshkin, Prince Lev 377
Naryshkin, Princess 526
Naryshkina, Princess Maria Antonovna 30, 59fn