Babel No More (50 page)

linguistic variations of,
34
–35

northern,
34
,
35

papal states of,
35
,
59

Jackson, Jean,
190

Jacobson, Marcus,
85
n

Jaillet, Lorraine,
80

Jampijinpa, George Robertson,
80

Japan,
45
,
109

Japanese language,
7
,
8
,
42
,
79
n,
80
,
106
,
152
,
261
–62

Jesuits,
35

Jesus Christ,
150

Johnny Appleseed,
75

Jones, Sir William,
42

Joseph of Copertino, Saint,
32

Jovin, Ellen,
86

Juutilainen, Arvo,
100
,
105

Kak stat’ poliglotom
(“How One Becomes a Polyglot”) (Spivak),
227

Kala,
188
–89,
193
,
199

Kalmuck language,
151

Kannada language,
188
,
191
,
193
,
196
,
198
–200,
203

Kashmiri language,
203

Kazakh language,
118

Kazakhstan,
10

Keeping Faith with the Mother Tongue
(Srinivasaraju),
200
,
290

Kenrick, Donald,
100
,
105

Keyser, Samuel Jay,
83

Khmer language,
133

Klatzo, Igor,
154

Knight’s Cyclopedia of Biography,
75

Korea,
45
,
108

Korean language,
9
,
10
,
49

Kramsch, Claire,
21
,
22
–24,
56
–57,
227

Krashen, Stephen,
101
–4,
284

Krebs, Amande Heyne,
147
,
151
,
175

Krebs, Emil,
100
,
105
,
147
–49,
151
–55,
157
,
170
–75,
170,
177
–80,
212
,
228
,
229
,
249
,
264
,
286
–87

personal library of,
147
,
154

preserved brain of,
154
,
155
,
156
,
160
,
161
,
169
,
171
–75,
177
–80,
232
,
288
–89

Kulman, Elizabeth,
74

Kurdish language,
43

language CDs and tapes,
87
,
88
,
114
,
119
,
130
,
133

language competitions,
53
,
109
,
136
–37,
247
–48,
250
–57,
253

language exercises,
31
,
111
,
137

language games,
25
–26

language labs,
34

language learning,
67
–72

of adults,
9
,
10
,
12
,
100

aptitude for,
70
,
100
,
103
,
122
,
126

biological elements of,
10
,
11
,
68
–69,
77

of children,
10
,
12
,
21
,
33
,
69
,
86
n,
100
,
102
n,
122
,
142
,
238
–40

compulsory,
9
,
148

dedication to,
163

developmental problems with,
68

difficulties of,
14
,
21
,
71
–72,
205

ease of,
11
–13

economic demands and,
8
,
9
,
10
,
25
,
71
,
89
,
204

educational systems of,
9
,
24
,
70
–72,
86
–89,
239
,
247
,
275
–76,
291

emergentist theory about,
69
–70

genetics and,
68
,
160
,
164
,
166
,
179
–80,
234
–35

in government, spycraft and diplomacy,
70
,
71
–72,
149
,
176

impetus and motivation for,
12
,
15
,
19
,
24
,
83
–84,
90
–91,
103

innatist theory about,
69

on Internet,
107
,
168
,
265

language “acquisition” vs.,
87
,
102
,
180
–81

lessons of hyperpolyglots on,
260
–65

limitation of,
71
–72,
226
–28

methodology of,
11
,
16
,
17
,
20
,
24
,
36
–37,
38
,
51
,
72
,
82
–83,
86
–89,
99
–100,
102
–4,
107
–9,
111
–13,
123
,
133
–35,
239
,
259
–69,
269,
274
–76

native-like proficiency as
goal of,
14
,
23
,
25

from people vs. books,
35
–36,
40

practice and training in,
11
,
25
,
54
,
61
,
100
,
117
–18,
137
,
141
,
251
,
259
,
274
–75

pseudo-immersion in,
89

speed of,
9
,
11
,
14
,
16
–17,
36
,
38
,
50
,
71
,
86

state subsidy of,
25

thrill of,
20
–21,
142

languages:

artificial,
99
,
247

“bits” of,
50
–52,
53
,
81
,
89
,
134

codes and pragmatics of,
22
–23,
51
,
57
,
164
,
259

“code switching” in,
51
,
139

cognitive investment in,
48
–50

conversation in,
40
,
43
,
47
,
55
,
92

cultural capital of,
8
,
12
,
23
,
91