Babel No More (46 page)

modern,
43

Armstrong, Thomas,
214
–15

Army, U.S.,
163

Art and Science of Learning Languages, The
(Gunnemark and Gethin),
99
–101,
226
,
283

Asperger’s syndrome,
175
,
229
,
230
,
291

Assimil,
239
,
275
–76

Assyrian language,
154

Athens, University of,
153

atherosclerosis,
154

attention spans,
33

Australia,
80

aboriginal language of,
81
,
82

autism spectrum disorders,
95
,
165
,
167
,
175
,
214
,
229
–30,
288
,
291
–92

aviation industry,
54
–55

Babylonian language,
154

Bahrick, Harry,
134

Bangalore School of English,
204

Bangladesh,
85
n

Baron-Cohen, Simon,
229
–30,
239
,
291
–92

Basque language,
4
,
31
,
43

Bavelier, Daphne,
241
,
293

Bawa, Zainab,
203

BBC,
202
,
255

Béarnais language,
47
n

Beijing,
8
,
20
,
149
,
153

Bel Canto
(Patchett),
21
–22

Belgium,
247

multilingualism of,
25
–26

Bengali language,
119
n,
194
,
203

Berber language,
95

Bible,
34
,
79

translations of,
58
–59,
60

Bilingual Brain, The: Neuropsychological and Neurolinguistic Aspects of Bilingualism
(Obler and Albert),
162

bilingualism,
13
,
33
,
49
,
51
,
63
,
140
,
180
,
190
,
226

Bimbarra language,
42

Bohemian language,
31
,
43
,
75
n

Bologna,
3
,
16
,
17
,
19
,
21
,
27
–38,
56
–62,
134
,
265
–69

Allied bombing of,
28

Archiginnasio public library of,
27
–32,
52
,
61
–62,
267
–69,
278

as linguistic cross roads,
34
–38,
58
,
242

Bologna, University of,
3
,
35

library of,
57
–60

Bolognese language,
4
,
31
,
37
,
124

Boothe, Ryan,
125
–26

Borges, Jorge Luis,
125

Borrow, George Henry,
228

Boucheron, Carlo,
6

brain-as-globe metaphor,
157
–60,
171
,
173
,
232
,
233
,
236

brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),
237

brain imaging technologies,
14
,
157
,
159
,
232
,
233

brains,
124
–25

anterior cingulum of,
236

of babies,
69

biochemistry of,
237
,
241
,
262

Broca’s area of,
156
–57,
160
,
171
–74,
238
,
287
,
289

cognitive aging and disorder in,
140
,
162

development of,
229

disease and damage of,
73
–74,
94
–95,
113
,
139
,
156
,
157
,
161
,
171
,
174
,
233
–34

executive function of,
139
,
263
,
285

frontal lobe of,
236

as globe,
see
brain-as-globe

hippocampus of,
234
,
237
,
292

of hyperpolyglots,
14
,
15
,
28
,
140
,
142
–43,
154
,
155
,
170
–75,
212
,
231
–43

insula of,
233

language as separate function of,
97
–98

language centers in,
24
,
69
,
74
,
139
,
156
–60,
171
–74,
178
,
238

limitations of,
10

neural circuits of,
33
,
86
,
139
,
140
,
143
,
155
,
158
–60,
162
,
171
–74,
205
–6,
233
–34,
236
–38,
241
–43,
262

oxygen use in,
159
,
178
,
179

plasticity of,
8
,
9
,
14
,
33
,
72
,
85
–86,
122
,
158
,
180
–81,
237
,
241
,
243
,
262
–63,
282
–83

posterior parietal cortex of,
139

prefrontal cortex of,
139
,
155
,
157

preservation and
analysis of,
154
–56,
160
,
161
,
171
–75,
177
–80

primary auditory cortex (Heschl’s gyrus) of,
232
–33,
260

right and left hemispheres of,
157
–58,
165
–66,
173
–74,
229
,
238

streams of,
157
–59,
287

study of,
41
,
154
–60,
170
–75

Wernicke’s area of,
157
,
160
,
238
,
289

Brazil,
9
,
10
,
106
,
109

Breitenstein, Caterina,
237
,
292
,
293

Briareus,
4

British Sign language (BSL),
97

Broca, Paul,
156
–57,
287

Brodmann, Korbinian,
173

Bruch, Charles Philip Christian,
79
–80

Brussels,
25
,
136
,
166
,
223
,
247

Bulgarian language,
43
,
104
,
132

Bunsen, Baron,
5

Bunyan, Paul,
75

Burmese language,
31
,
42

Burritt, Elihu,
74
–78,
76,
77
,
104
,
141
–42,
228
,
281
–82