The remark from Bishop Daily's spokesman that “it's tough to see this happening to him” is from the
New York Times,
January 26, 2002.
The letter from Rev. Timothy J. Lambert's lawyer that describes “the perfect situation for a predator” and other details about his allegations were first reported in the
Globe
on March 14, 2002.
Direct quotation from Daily about his initial plan of “sticking” with the diocesan reporting standards for instances of abuse and that “some of these guys are dead” is from
Newsday,
March 29, 2002.
The quote from the Brooklyn district attorney that begins “If there are any allegations” is from
Newsday,
March 23, 2002.
Details about Rev. John McVernon's warning to Daily about parties at a Queens rectory are from
Newsday,
April 9, 2002.
Daily's pledge to “cooperate with them in any investigation” is from a diocesan news release of April 10, 2002.
Cardinal Law's letter to
The Tablet,
the official newspaper of the Brooklyn diocese, was reported in the January 26, 2002, edition of the
New York Times.
Cardinal Egan's quotations about returning priests to ministry after an evaluation “if the conclusions were favorable” are from a March 23, 2002, letter from Egan that was made available to parishes in the Archdiocese of New York.
The 1990 memo about a “developing pattern of accusations” against Rev. Charles Carr is contained in court records obtained by the
Hartford Courant,
which first reported about it.
Manhattan District Attorney Robert M. Morgenthau's remarks about “responsible officials in all religious institutions” are from the
Hartford Courant,
March 20, 2002.
Cardinal Egan's pledge to do everything possible so that “abuse by clergy will never happen again” is from a letter from him read at archdiocesan churches on April 21, 2002.
Bishop Sergio Obeso's remark that “dirty laundry is best washed at home” is from the April 17, 2002, edition of the
Washington Post.
Chapter 6: The Decline of Deference
Interviews quoted:
David A. Angier, first assistant district attorney, Franklin and Hampshire Counties; Kevin M. Burke, district attorney, Essex County; Martha Coakley, district attorney, Middlesex County; Daniel F. Conley, district attorney, Suffolk County; William R. Keating, district attorney, Norfolk County; Jeanine Pirro, district attorney, Westchester County, New York; Thomas F. Reilly, attorney general, Commonwealth of Massachusetts; Marian Walsh, Massachusetts State Senator.
Chapter 7; His Eminence
Interviews quoted:
Jack Connors Jr., founder. Hill, Holliday, Connors, Cosmopulos, Inc.; Leonard Florence, friend of Cardinal Law; Paul A. La Camera, president and general manager, WCVB-TV; Carolyn M. Newberger, child psychologist; Thomas H. O'Connor, professor of history, Boston College; Thomas P. O'Neill III, former Massachusetts lieutenant governor and chief executive officer, FH-GPC. Inc.; Patrick J. Purcell, publisher, the
Boston Herald;
David W. Zizik, vice chairman, parish council, St. Theresa's Church, Sherborn, Massachusetts.
Other interviews:
James T. Brett, president and chief executive officer, New England Council; William M. Bulger, president, University of Massachusetts; Dr. Michael F, Collins, president and chief executive officer, Caritas Christi Health Care System; David F. D'Allesandro, chairman and chief executive officer, John Hancock Financial Services, Inc.; Neal F. Finnegan, chairman, Citizens Bank of Massachusetts; Donna Latson Gittens, president and chief executive officer, Causemedia, Inc.; Kevin C. Phelan, executive vice president, Meredith & Grew, Inc.; R. Robert Popeo, chairman, Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, PC; Jeffrey B. Rudman, senior partner, Hale and Dorr, LLP; Jack Shaughnessy Sr., chairman, Shaughnessy & Ahern Co.
Sources quoted:
The Church's management ethos is examined in Garry Wills,
Bare Ruined Choirs
(New York: Doubleday, 1972), page 24.
A detailed description of the Irish domination of the American Catholic Church is from Maureen Dezell,
Irish America: Coming into Clover
(New York; Anchor Books, 2000), pages 169 and 184.
Other sources:
Jack Beatty,
The Rascal King: The Life and Times of James Michael Curley, 1874–1958
(Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley, 1992).
Nat Hentoff,
Boston Boy
(New York: Knopf, 1986).
Eugene Cullen Kennedy, “Fall from Grace,”
National Catholic Reporter,
March 8, 2002.
J. Anthony Lukas,
Common Ground: A Turbulent Decade in the Lives of Three American Families
(New York: Knopf, 1985).
Charles R. Morris,
American Catholic: The Saints and Sinners Who Built America's Most Powerful Church
(New York: Times Books, 1997).
Thomas H. O'Connor,
The Boston Irish: A Political History
(Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1995) and
Boston Catholics
(Boston; Northeastern University Press, 1998).
James M. O'Toole,
Militant and Triumphant: William Henry O'Connell and the Catholic Church in Boston, 1859–1944
(South Bend, Ind.: Notre Dame University Press, 1992).
Chapter 8: Sex and the Church
Interviews quoted:
Dr. Fred S. Berlin of the National Institute for the Study, Prevention and Treatment of Sexual Trauma; Rev. Robert W. Bullock, pastor of Our Lady of Sorrows Church in Sharon, Massachusetts; Rev. Edward J. Burns, executive director of the Secretariat for Vocations and Priestly Formation at the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops; Edward Cardoza, former seminarian; David Clohessy, national director of the Survivors Network of those Abused by Priests; Rev. Christopher J. Coyne, professor at St. John's Seminary in Boston; Rev. Donald B. Cozzens, former rector of St. Mary Seminary in Cleveland; Sylvia M. Demarest, attorney; William Donohue, president of the Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights; Rev. Dr. James J. Gill, founder and director of the Christian Institute for the Study of Human Sexuality at Catholic Theological Union in Chicago; Peter Isely, former seminarian and psychotherapist; Rev. James King, vocations director for the Indiana Province of the College of Holy Cross; Rev. Jay M. Mullin; Rev, Len Plazewski, director of vocations for the diocese of St. Petersburg; Anson D. Shupe, professor of sociology at Indiana University-Purdue University; and A. W. Richard Sipe, author of Sex,
Priests and Power: Anatomy of a Crisis
(New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1995).
Other interviews:
Several writers who have spent considerable time examining the sexual behavior of priests have been particularly helpful, including Jason Berry, author of
Lead Us Not into Temptation: Catholic Priests and the Sexual Abuse of Children
(Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2000); and Eugene Kennedy, author of
The Unhealed Wound: The Church and Human Sexuality
(New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001). Other researchers who shared their insights: Dr. David Fassler, professor of psychiatry at the University of Vermont and chairman of the Council on Children, Adolescents and Their Families of the American Psychiatric Association; David Finkelhor, director of the Crimes Against Children Research Center at the University of New Hampshire. Several books were helpful, including
The Changing Face of the Priesthood
by Rev. Donald B. Cozzens (Collegeville, Minnesota: The Liturgical Press, 2000).
Sources quoted:
Joaquin Navarro-Valls's comments on the clergy sexual abuse scandal were made in an interview published in the
New York Times
on March 3, 2002.
Mary Louise Cervone's comments on gay priests were made in a news release on March 4, 2002.
The discussion of treatment centers used by the Church over the years is drawn chiefly from a
Globe story
of April 13, 2002, written by Ellen Barry.
Paul Hendrickson's recollection of his experiences in the seminary in Alabama was published in the
New York Times
on April 28, 2002.
Pope John Paul H's apostolic exhortation on priestly formation,
Pastores Dabo Vobis,
was given in Rome on March 25, 1992.
Pope Paul VI's declaration reaffirming the Church's opposition to the ordination of women,
Inter Insignores,
was given in Rome on October 15, 1976.
Chapter 9: The Struggle for Change
Interviews quoted:
Paul A. Baier, convocation participant; Mary jo Bane, public policy and management professor at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government; Rev. Robert J. Bowers, pastor of St. Catherine of Siena Church in Charlestown, Massachusetts; Rev. Robert W. Bullock, pastor, Our Lady of Sorrows Church in Sharon. Massachusetts; Lisa Sowle Cahill, theology professor at Boston College; Rev. Robert J. Carr, parochial vicar at Cathedral of the Holy Cross in Boston; Patricia Casey, convocation participant; Bonnie Ciambotti, convocation participant; Rev. Walter H. Cuenin, pastor, Our Lady Help of Christians Church in Newton, Massachusetts; Luise Cahill Dittrich, member of Voice of the Faithful; William Donohue, president of Catholic League for Religious and Civil Rights; Thomas H. Groome, theology professor at Boston College; Rev. Paul E, Kilroy, pastor of St. Bernard's Church in Newton, Massachusetts; Ronald P. McArthur, president emeritus of Thomas Aquinas College; Gisela Morales-Barreto, Voice of the Faithful member; Dr. James E. Muller, Voice of the Faithful president; Thomas P. O'Neill III, former Massachusetts lieutenant governor and chief executive officer, FH-GPC, Inc.; Stephen J. Pope, chairman of theology department at Boston College; and Bishop William S. Skylstad, vice president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops.
Other interviews:
R. Scott Appleby, director of the Cushwa Center for the Study of American Catholicism at the University of Notre Dame; Rev. James Coriden, professor of pastoral studies at Washington Theological Union; Ernest J. Corrigan, Voice of the Faithful member; Rev. Donald B. Cozzens, former president-rector of St. Mary Seminary and Graduate School of Theology in Cleveland; William V. D’ Antonio, adjunct professor of sociology at Catholic University of America; Rev. Thomas P. Doyle, Air Force chaplain; Chester L. Gillis, associate professor of theology at Georgetown University; Bishop Wilton D, Gregory, president of U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops; Rev. James F, Keenan professor of moral theology at Weston Jesuit School of Theology; Rev. Richard P. McBrien, professor of theology at University of Notre Dame; Rev. C. John McCloskey III, director of Catholic Information Center in Washington, D.C.; David J. O'Brien, director of the Center for Religion, Ethics and Culture at the College of the Holy Cross; Rev. Thomas J. Reese, editor of
America
magazine; Richard J. Santagati, president of Merrimack College; and David W. Zizik, parish council vice chairman at St. Theresa's Church in Sherborn, Massachusetts. Numerous other laypeople, priests, members of the hierarchy, and Church staff spoke with the
Globe
in person, by telephone, or by e-mail about the struggle for change.
Sources quoted:
Law's comment about “undermining the mission of the Catholic Church” is from remarks he made from the pulpit before the start of Mass on April 21, 2002.
Pope John Paul ll's comment about “a purification of the entire Catholic community” is from the pontiff's address to the cardinals of the United States on April 23, 2002.
Mary Jo Bane's op-ed piece was published in the
Globe
on February 3, 2002.
Victor Conlogue corresponded with the
Globe
by e-mail.
Mary Leveck corresponded with the
Globe
by e-mail.
Polling on Catholic attitudes toward Church teachings was conducted by the
Boston Globe
and WBZ TV on February 4 6, 2002. The
New York Times
and CBS News polled on April 28–May 1, 2002. Those attitudes are also described by William V. D’ Antonio, et al., in
American Catholics: Gender, Generation and Commitment
(Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, 2001).
The socioeconomic progress of American Catholics is described by Bryan T. Froehle and Mary L. Gautier in
Catholicism USA: A Portrait of the Catholic Church in the United States
(New York: Orbis Books, 2000), pages 14–16.
Lumen Gentium, the dogmatic constitution of the church, was a Vatican II document promulgated in Rome by Pope Paul VI on November 21, 1964.
Helene O'Brien corresponded with the
Globe
by e-mail.
Cardinal Law acknowledged that Catholics felt betrayed by him in his response to lay leaders at Convocation 2002 on March 9, 2002.
Jane Audrey Neuhauser corresponded with the
Globe
by e-mail.
Cardinal Law's comment that “I have heard you passionately and prayerfully plead for greater openness” was part of the concluding remarks he delivered at the March 9, 2002, convocation.
Cardinal Law outlined his goals for the Vatican gathering of U.S. cardinals in the remarks from the pulpit on April 21, 2002.
Law's opposition to the proposed association of parish councils was described in a letter from the archdiocesan vicar general, Bishop Walter J. Edyvean, faxed to priests on April 25, 2002.
The
Globe
and WBZ-TV polled Boston-area Catholics about their attitudes toward Cardinal Law and toward parish priests on February 4–6 and again on April 2–15, 2002.
Statistics about the changing number of priests in the United States are from the Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate at Georgetown University.
Sociologist Dean Hoge's research was reported in the
Washington Post
on April 27, 2002.
Archbishop Keith O'Brien's comments on celibacy were reported in the
Sunday Herald
of Glasgow, Scotland, on April 21, 2002.
Cardinal Roger M. Mahony's comments on celibacy were reported in the
Los Angeles Times
on March 26, 2002.
Cardinal J. Francis Stafford's comments on celibacy were reported in the
New York Times
on April 19, 2002.