neurological effects of 97 – 8 sexual assaults and 44 grooming of children to consume porn legislation against 203 , 205 for prostitution 227 use of pornography in 16 – 23 , 75 , 189 – 91 , 202 – 6 guilt feelings child victims and 190 – 1 of porn users 177 Gupta, Ruchira xxv , 296 Hamilton, Clive xx , 129 – 30 Hamilton, Maggie xxiii , 296 hardcore pornography 3 , 27 , 29 , 171 becoming mainstream 225 campaigning against 260 child pornography 184 , 212 children exposed to 227 Indian 239 , 243 subjugation of women in 29 – 30 harms of pornography xv – xvi , xxix , 117 , 254 – 5 , 292 documenting 288 – 9 enduring nature of 207 – 12 , 215 – 19 ignored by academic defenders 122 – 31 legal recognition of 205 , 236 – 7 physical damage 176 – 7 research evidence of 154 – 5 responsibility of users for 207 – 12 victim impact statements 204 , 212 , 215 – 19 Hawthorne, Susan x , xxiv , xxvi , 86 , 101 , 296 Hesketh, Alan 96 , 210 homemade porn 19 , 164 , 244 homophobia gay male pornography and 53 , 58 , 60 hip hop music and 47 human rights campaign to protect against abuse of 14 pornography as violation of 14 , xxi hyper-masculinity anti-porn campaigns and 286 gay male pornography and 54 – 6 hypersexualisation campaigning against 266 – 7 effect on women’s bodies 88 – 90 impact of pornography body image 5 – 6 on boys xvii , 20 on girls xvii – xviii , 21 on relationships xxix – xxxiii on the brain 70 , 97 – 8 on women xxix – xxxiii , 13 – 14 on young people 18 – 23 personal stories xxix – xxxiii research on 12 incest see also intrafamilial rape normalisation in child pornography 186 pornography featuring 196 – 8 indecency, legal definition of 27 intrafamilial rape legal treatment of 195 – 6 , 198 , 200 pornification of 195 – 200 Jeffreys, Sheila xxiv , 225 , 297 Jensen, Robert xxiii , xxvi , 172 , 188 , 269 , 297 Karadžić, Radovan xxv , 230 , 236 Katz, Jackson 50 Kendall, Christopher N. xxiii , 297 Klein, Renate x , xxiv , 41 , 297 Kimmel, Michael 44 , 45 ‘lads’ mags’ campaigns against 259 – 60 , 261 , 275 , 276 , 278 pornographic content of 270 lap dancing campaigning against 274 , 276 , 277 , 278 strip clubs and 139 Larsen, Gregg Alan 211 lesbian pornography 29 , 116 , 134 Liszewski, Melinda x , xxvi , 298 Little Sisters case 53 – 4 Long, Julia xxvi , 298 Lumby, Catharine 122 – 7 , 131 lynching, pornography and 108 – 11 MacKinnon, Catharine A. xxiii , xxv , 56 , 231 , 236 , 250 , 254 , 290 , 298 male bonding rituals, sexist in popular culture 38 – 9 on campus 44 – 5 overcoming 50 Mancuso, Matthew 208 – 9 Mapona 227 – 8 Marcuse, Herbert 69 marketing see also advertising mainstreaming pornography 163 online porn sites xxi , 6 sexual imagery and children xxiii , 16 – 19 strip clubs and pornography 141 Marsh, James 208 – 10 , 212 , 215 Masha’s Law 208 Masson, Jeffrey Moussaieff xxiii , 298 masturbation conditioning to child pornography via 183 Mayne, Anne xxv , 298 McAlinden, Anne-Marie 203 McCormack Evans, Matt xxvi , 298 McKee, Alan 122 – 31 McLellan, Betty xxv – xxvi , 113 , 299 media incest terminology in 195 – 6 pornification of 3 , 8 , 9 – 15 , 90 , 182 , 266 portrayal of pornography in 36 , 96 , 123 , 130 – 1 , 168 , 227 – 8 , 277 use in activist campaigns 225 , 263 , 279 Men Against Rape and Pornography 58 Mies, Maria 108 ‘Misty Series’ xx , 209 , 215 mobile phones see also sexting pornography on 241 , 242 money shot see cum shot Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS), pornography on 242 music videos porn stars in 140 pornographic images in xiii , xvi , 109 – 10 myths of pornography anti-sex xiv challenging xiv – xv child pornography 186 – 7 compartmentalisation 9 , 14 fantasy xxx , 10 , 30 – 1 freedom of choice xiv freedom of speech xv pleasure xiv self-empowerment xiv Nakasatomi, Hiroshi xxiv , 299 Nenadic, Natalie xxv , 230 , 231 , 232 , 236 , 299 Norma, Caroline x , xxv , xxvi , 299 normalisation of pornography xiv challenging 286 medical approach to 90 – 2 pubic hair removal 5 , 89 OBJECT 261 , 274 – 80 objectification of women campaigning against 274 – 83 pseudo child pornography and 8 robots and dolls xviii – xix teenage self-image 21 obscenity legal definition of 27 pornography and 10 online porn attempts to regulate xx – xxi , 244 ease of transmission 34 – 5 endless nature of 161 – 5 Indian usage of 239 – 41 manipulative nature of xxi – xxii slavery in xx , 11 social networking and 164 paedophilia child sex abuse and 181 ‘consent’ of victims 187 ‘freedom of speech’ in promotion of 252 – 3 Internet subculture of 186 , 188 normalised by child pornography 187 online guide to 188 pornography linked to 184 , 189 – 90 , 243 sex tourism and 244 , 246 targeting pre-verbal victims xvi teen nude images and 35 , 36 paraphilia 71 – 2 see also sexually deviant behaviours Paroline, Doyle 210 – 11 patriarchy capitalist structures and 107 – 8 gender perceptions in 27 – 9 pornography and 287 pet love videos 67 photography ‘upskirting’ 289 dangerous consequences of 36 – 8 non-consensual 37 – 40 , 289 sharing with teen peers 34 – 5 ‘pimp and ho’ parties 42 – 3 Playboy empire campaigns against 260 expansion in South Africa 226 , 227 experiencing pornography via xxix , 13 , 131 , 196 mobile phone porn 241 promoting to children xiii , xvii prostitution in 153 popular culture see also music videos; social media pornification of xiv , 3 , 9 – 15 pornography within xxiii – xxiv sexist male bonding rituals in 38 – 9 porn stars as body image models 88 – 90 as ‘sex experts’ 81 – 3 in music videos 140 pornography industry as human trafficking 155 – 7 , 160 capitalism and 31 – 2 , 107 – 8 connections with Big Pharma 86 – 101 exploitative nature of 107 – 17 , 160 – 5 film investigation of 171 – 7 ideology of 29 – 31 in India 239 – 46 in South Africa 223 – 9 Internet globalisation of 160 – 5 links to strip clubs and prostitution 136 – 42 mass market power of 14 – 15 pay scales in 153 , 176 profits made by xiv , 11 , 86 , 112 pornsex campaign against 88 drugs promoted to enhance 86 – 8 manipulation of women’s bodies for 88 – 90 medical hazards of 90 – 2 post-feminism, pornification of 118 – 21 post-traumatic stress disorder, prostitution and 82 , 154 , 276 power relations see also gender roles gay male pornography and 54 – 61 in pornography 254 reinforced by sex therapists’ advice 78 – 83 Pringle, Helen x , xii , xxiv , 86 , 101 , 299 propaganda pornography as 25 – 33 pornography denying genocide 233 – 5