Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart (Pimlico) (110 page)

1
L M
, ii, p.115.

2
R A Cumberland 6/288.

3
R A Cumberland 6/295.

4
Chronicles of Atholl
, iii, pp.81–2.

5
R A Cumberland 7/377–9.

6
F. J. McLynn,
The Jacobite Army in England 1745
provides a detailed diary of the activities of the Jacobite army during the period 8 November–20 December 1745 (OS).

7
R A Cumberland 7/387; R A Stuart M 11, p.137.

8
R A Cumberland 7/446.

9
For the siege of Carlisle see W. O. 71/19 ff.286–308; G. C. Mounsey,
Carlisle in 1745
(1846).

10
Add. MSS 34,523 f.79.

11
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, p.50.

12
Tomasson,
Jacobite General
, pp.76–83.

13
R A Stuart M 11, pp.127–9.

14
This was particularly unpalatable to his brother Tullibardine (R A Stuart M 11, pp.127–9).

15
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, p.51.

16
R A Stuart M 11, pp.118–19.

17
R A Cumberland 7/416.

18
R A Stuart M 11 p.119.

19
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, p.65.

20
R A Cumberland 7/430.

21
Blaikie,
Origins
(‘John Daniel’s account’), p.168.

22
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, pp.80–1.

23
Jarvis,
Jacobite Risings
, i, p.87.

24
Historical Manuscripts Commission, III, pp.255–6.

25
R. C. Jarvis,
Collected Papers on the Jacobite Risings
(Manchester, 1972), 2 vols, ii, pp.85
et seq
.

26
David, Lord Elcho,
Short Account of the Affairs of Scotland in 1744–1745 and 1746
, ed. E. Charteris (1907), p.330; James Maxwell of Kirkconnell,
Narrative of Charles, Prince of Wales’s expedition to Scotland in the Year 1745
(1841), p.70.

27
S P Dom 82 ff.62–8; Add. MSS 35,886 ff.82,100.

28
Jarvis,
Jacobite Risings
, ii, pp.237–54.

29
H. Talon,
John Byrom: selections from his journals and papers
(1950), pp.227–44.

30
Elcho, pp.331–2.

31
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, p.99.

32
H. M. Vaughan, ‘Welsh Jacobitism’,
Transactions of the Honourable Society of Cymmodorion
(1920–1), pp.11–39.

33
Lord George Murray, ‘Marches’, loc.cit., pp.52–3.

34
R A Cumberland 7/453.

35
For Cumberland’s movements see Speck,
The Butcher
, op.cit., pp.87–8.

36
Duncan Forbes’s letter to Macleod on 13 December shows that all Scotland was holding its breath over the supposedly imminent encounter (R A Cumberland 8/177).

37
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, pp.113–19.

38
There is a detailed account of the council meeting at Derby in McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, pp.124–32.

39
The prince’s own arguments are given at length in the memoir of the ’45 he collaborated on with Pierre André O’Heguerty (R A Stuart M 11, pp.142–3).

40
R A Stuart 310/139.

41
L. Eardley Simpson,
Derby and the Forty-Five
(1933), pp.190–2.

42
Jarvis,
Jacobite Risings
, ii, pp.100–1.

43
Home’s
History
, p.324.

44
Jarvis,
Jacobite Risings
, ii, pp.100–1.

45
Tomasson,
Jacobite General
, p.114.

46
The Life and Adventures of Captain Dudley Bradstreet
(1755), pp.126–7.

47
Cruickshanks,
Political Untouchables
, op.cit., pp.92–3.

48
Jarvis,
Jacobite Risings
, op.cit., ii, p.209.

49
Walpole Correspondence
, 19, pp.109–10.

50
S P Dom 76/50; Add. MSS 32,705 f.409;
Chronicles of Atholl
, ii, p.100.

51
S P Domestic 76/53,56,57,58,59.

52
A. J. Youngson,
The Prince and the Pretender
, op.cit; p.115.

53
This is acknowledged even in Speck’s ‘pro-Hanoverian’
The Butcher
, pp.88–9.

54
R A Cumberland 9/179.

55
R A Stuart 310/139.

56
McLynn,
Jacobite Army, passim
: cf. also Cruickshanks,
Political Untouchables
, Chapter Six.

57
George II to Maria Teresa, December 1745, MP.

58
See McLynn,
France and the ’45
, op.cit.

59
See F. J. McLynn,
Invasion: From the Armada to Hitler 1588–1945
(1987).

60
Bitterness on this point never ceased to rankle with the Jacobites. Cf. R A Stuart 299/162.

61
F. J. McLynn,
France and the Jacobite Rising of 1745
(Edinburgh, 1981), pp.164–87.

62
R A Stuart M 11, p.148.

63
See Cruickshanks,
Political Untouchables
, pp.70,84.

64
R A Stuart M 11, p.150.

65
For Wade see McLynn,
Jacobite Army, passim
; cf. also Speck,
The Butcher
.

66
Marine B4/82 f.299.

67
Sir John Clapham,
The Bank of England
(Cambridge, 1945), i, pp.233–4.

68
W. Marston Acres,
The Bank of England from Within
(Oxford, 1931), i, p.181.

69
Marine B4/82 ff.36
et seq
.

70
On this point see also Choiseul,
Mémoires
, p.55.

71
For a conclusive argument on this point see Max Weber,
Gesammelte aufsätze zur Wissenschaftslehre
(Tubingen, 1951), pp.266–90; for counterfactuals in general see N. Goodman,
Fact, Fiction and Forecast
(1954).

72
Mahon, iii.

73
R A Stuart Box 1/454.

74
‘How could they
in that state of mind
[italics mine] have gone on to take London?’ (Youngson,
Prince and Pretender
, op.cit., p.22).

75
Lord George Murray, ‘Marches’, p.57.

76
Allardyce Papers, i, pp.287–93.

77
Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
(‘Elcho’s Diary’), p.151.

78
R A Cumberland 7/444.

79
S P Dom 77/60,118.

80
S P Domestic 77/60.

81
S P Domestic 76/118

82
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, pp.78–9.

83
R A Stuart M 11, p.151.

84
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, p.148.

85
Speck,
The Butcher
, p.97.

86
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, p.148.

87
Elcho, p.345.

88
Speck,
The Butcher
, pp.97–8.

89
Elcho, p.346.

90
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, pp.168–70.

91
Chevalier de Johnstone, p.84.

92
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.84.

93
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, pp.175–81.

94
For Oglethorpe’s movements see W. O.71/19 ff.196–282.

95
R A Stuart M 11, pp.161–3; R A Cumberland 8/190.

96
Lord George Murray, ‘Marches’, p.65.

97
Elcho, pp.348–9.

98
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, pp.187–9.

99
Speck,
The Butcher
, p.99.

100
R A Cumberland 8/209; O’Sullivan, p.110; Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.87.

101
R A Cumberland 8/211; Speck,
The Butcher
, pp.99–102.

102
Chevalier de Johnstone, pp.95–7.

103
The prince later came to realise this himself (R A Stuart M 11, p.166).

1
Lord George Murray, ‘Marches’, p.74; Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.89.

2
L M
, ii, p.124; O’Sullivan, p.112.

3
L P
, ii, p.499.

4
L M
, ii, p.124.

5
L P
, ii, p.499; Murray, ‘Marches’, p.77;
London Gazette
, 28–31 December 1745.

6
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.89.

7
R A Cumberland 9/164,166. Glasgow was required to produce 12,000 shirts plus 6,000 each of bonnets, waistcoats, shoes and stockings (
Cochrane Correspondence
, p.62).

8
Cochrane Correspondence
, pp.79,84.

9
RA Cumberland 8/222; Chevalier de Johnstone, p.76; Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.90.

10
L P
, ii, p.498.

11
Elcho, p.379.

12
Spalding Club Miscellany, I (1841), pp.337,413.

13
L M
, iii, p.55.

14
Sir William Fraser,
The Earls of Cromarty
(Edinburgh, 1876), ii, pp.383
et seq
.

15
Scots Magazine
, 1745, p.589.

16
L M
, ii, p.344.

17
R A Cumberland 9/170;
L M
, ii, p.344; Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.91.

18
M C P
, iv, pp.167–8.

19
McLynn,
France and the ’45
, op.cit., p.133.

20
R A Cumberland 7/432,454,456.

21
Elcho, pp.361–2.

22
S P Scotland 27 Nos 6 and 8.

23
Murray, ‘Marches’, p.77.

24
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.94.

25
Home’s
History
, p.159.

26
Chevalier de Johnstone, p.82.

27
L M
, ii, p.195; Chevalier de Johnstone, p.82.

28
L M
, ii, p.126.

29
Cochrane Correspondence
, p.63.

30
Blaikie,
Origins
(‘John Daniel’s account’), pp.191–2;
L M
, iii, p.125.

31
Elcho, pp.355–6.

32
Elcho, p.363; Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
, p. 154. It has sometimes been disputed that Clementina became his mistress at this point but, Elcho’s testimony apart, the circumstantial evidence for this is overwhelming. See Compton Mackenzie,
Prince Charlie and his Ladies
(1934), p.204.

33
Memoirs of Strange and Lumisden
, ii, p.319.

34
Blaikie,
Itinerary
, pp.73–4.

35
Ibid
., pp.74–5.

36
Chevalier de Johnstone, p.83; Fraser,
Earls of Cromarty
, op.cit., pp.383,390.

37
L M
, ii, p.196; H M C, Various Colls, viii, p.162;
Scots Magazine
, 1746, pp.32–4.

38
Elcho, pp.364–7.

39
Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
(‘Elcho’s Diary’), p.155.

40
S P Scotland 27 Nos 11,18.

41
R A Cumberland 9/196,199; R A Stuart M 11, p.180; O’Sullivan, pp.112–13; Elcho, p.367.

42
Elcho, p.367.

43
For detail on Mirabel see R A Cumberland 7/450; 9/157, 172,253. For his incompetence see O’Sullivan, p.121; Chevalier de Johnstone, p.84.

44
R A Cumberland 9/252.

45
R A Cumberland 9/212.

46
R A Cumberland 9/262.

47
Cordara, op.cit., p.103.

48
R A Stuart M 11, p.181; Elcho, p.368.

49
R A Cumberland 9/210.

50
R A Stuart M 11, p.182.

51
Murray, ‘Marches’, p.79; Elcho, p.369.

52
S P Scotland 27 Nos 25,28;
Scots Magazine
, 1746, p.35.

53
Murray, ‘Marches’ p.79; Blaikie,
Origins
(‘John Daniel’s account’), p.194.

54
Elcho, p.370; Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
(‘Elcho’s Diary’), p.155.

55
Murray, ‘Marches’, p.79.

56
R A Stuart M 11, p.185.

57
C P
, p.270.

58
Home’s
History
, p.167.

59
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.99.

60
R A Stuart M 11, p.186.

61
Tomasson and Buist,
Battles of the ’45
, op.cit., pp.112–13.

62
Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
, p.63

63
Home’s
History
, p.169.

64
R A Stuart M 11, p.188.

65
R A Cumberland, 9/234.

66
Hawley’s own reports to London shed no light on the matter (S P Scotland 27, Nos 29,33,34,37–9).

67
H M C, Hastings, iii, p.54.

68
H M C, 14, ix, pp.139–40; H M C, Various Colls, viii, pp.162–3; Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
, p.63.

69
Tomasson and Buist, op.cit., p.105.

70
R A Cumberland 10/298,313.

71
Elcho, p.372
et seq
.

72
O’Sullivan, p.118.

73
Home’s
History
, pp.172–4.

74
Tomasson,
Jacobite General
, pp.142–52.

75
R A Stuart M 11, p.190.

76
Tomasson and Buist, op.cit., pp.122–3.

77
R A Stuart M 11 p.194; Home’s
History
, p.176; Elcho, p.377.

78
R A Stuart M 11, pp.190–1.

79
Ibid
., p.192.

80
Ibid
., p.193.

81
ibid
., pp.194–5.

82
Tomasson and Buist, op.cit., p.126.

83
Tomasson,
Jacobite General
, p.156.

84
O’Sullivan, p.119.

85
Blaikie,
Itinerary
(‘Lochgarry’s account’), p.119; Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
, p.64

86
Alexander Mackenzie,
History of the MacDonalds
(Inverness, 1881), pp.350–3; cf. also
Walpole Correspondence
, 19, p.208.

87
R A Stuart M 11, p.195.

88
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.106; Chevalier de Johnstone, pp.134–6.

89
L M
, ii, p.163.

90
Chevalier de Johnstone, p.89.

91
Fraser,
Earls of Cromarty
, op.cit., p.384.

92
Murray, ‘Marches’, p.96.

93
Elcho, p.382.

94
Ibid
., p.381.

95
S P Scotland 27 No.40.

96
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.111.

97
R A Stuart M 11, pp.203–4.

98
Home’s
History
, Appendix, p.xxxix.

99
Elcho, p.384.

100
Tomasson,
Jacobite General
, p.163.

101
R A Stuart M 11, pp.202–3.

102
McLynn,
Jacobite Army
, p.25.

103
R A Cumberland 9/249,262.

104
R A Stuart M 11, p.205.

105
For the true nature and extent (much less than Lord George Murray imagined) of the desertions see
Albemarle Papers
, pp.247–59; Tayler,
Anonymous History
, pp.48–9; Fergusson,
Argyll in the ’45
, p.93. One of the reasons Murray may have been misled was that the desertion rate was particularly high among the Athollmen (see
Jacobite Correspondence of the Atholl Family
(Edinburgh, Abbotsford Club, 1840), pp.196–200).

106
The lack of direction and sense of purposelessness comes through clearly in Jacobite correspondence of this period (see R A Cumberland 9/235–78).

107
For an interesting discussion of this point see Youngson,
The Prince and the Pretender
, op.cit., pp.237–9.

108
Tomasson,
Jacobite General
, p.165.

109
O’Sullivan, p.122.

110
Home’s
History
(‘Hay of Restalrig’s account’), p.355.

111
Blaikie,
Itinerary
, pp.76–7. It is very significant that Lord Elcho, always a hostile witness to the prince and inclined to give Lord George Murray the benefit of every doubt, agreed with the prince on this point (Elcho, p.385).

112
Exactly what he did claim! (S P Scotland
28
No.3; cf. also
Walpole Correspondence
, 19, pp.207–8.)

113
Blaikie,
Itinerary
, p.77.

114
The prince later reproached himself for hot making a more forceful reply, incorporating these points (R A Stuart M 11, pp.206–7).

115
Maxwell of Kirkconnell, p.112.

116
Tomasson,
Jacobite General
, p.164.

117
Blaikie,
Itinerary
, p.78.

118
Home’s
History
, Appendix, p.xl.