Bonnie Prince Charlie: Charles Edward Stuart (Pimlico) (107 page)

1
R A Stuart 259/75.

2
R A Stuart, 257/114; 258/13.

3
R A Stuart 258/155.

4
R A Stuart 261/12.

5
R A Stuart 260/149.

6
H M C, 10, vi, p.218.

7
For the Monte di Pietà see David Silvagni,
La corte e la societa romana nei secoli xviii e xix
(Florence and Rome, 1885), i, p.340. Cf. also Joseph-Jerome le Français
de
Lalande,
Voyage d’un Français en Italie
(Venice, 1769), iv, pp.172–4.

8
H M C, 10, vi, p.221.

9
Ibid
., p.219.

10
There is a complete list of the jewels and effects pledged at the Monte di Pieta in the Denys Bower MSS (Year 1742).

11
Murray of Broughton
, op. cit., pp.371–3.

12
R A Stuart 257/68.

13
R A Stuart 257/95.

14
Cf. Sempill to James, 29 June: ‘I have already told you how much the Prince has received from the French Court, which is such an inconsiderable sum that the Court ought to be ashamed of it, but though the Prince has to do with the most tenacious cashier that ever was entrusted by any dealer of spirit, yet this cashier is forced to own that he is directed to supply all the Prince’s occasions, so that there is no reason to believe that the Prince will be under the necessity of troubling you’ (R A Stuart 257/170).

15
R A Stuart 258/44; 259/77.

16
S P Dom, 106 f.12.

17
R A Stuart 258/107.

18
R A Stuart 259/157.

19
R A Stuart 261/11.

20
‘You may imagine how I must be out of humour at all these proceedings, when, for comfort, I am plagued out of my life with tracasseries from our own people who, as it seems, would rather sacrifice me and my affairs than fail in any private view of their own’ (Charles Edward to James, 30 November 1744, Lord Mahon,
History of England 1713–1783
(1838), iii, p.ix).

21
R A Stuart 259/118; 260/75.

22
R A Stuart 259/36.

23
Cf. Mézières to Maurepas, 29 August 1744, Maurepas Papers.

24
R A Stuart 257/103,164.

25
R A Stuart 259/145,148.

26
R A Stuart 259/58.

27
R A Stuart 257/34; 258/16.

28
R A Stuart 257/34; 258/85.

29
R A Stuart 257/105.

30
R A Stuart 257/86.

31
S P Tuscany 48 f.120; 49 f.63.

32
R A Cumberland Box 1/253. In view of later bibulous developments, it is ironical to note that the prince’s diet sheet is virtually a disguised temperance tract.

33
R A Stuart 257/103.

34
R A Stuart 258/13.

35
R A Stuart 258/16,27.

36
R A Stuart 258/16,86.

37
R A Stuart Box 1/194; 258/96,116.

38
Add. MSS 34,523 f.77.

39
R A Cumberland 2/302. He suffered from fainting fits and headaches as a result.

40
R A Stuart 259/111.

41
R A Stuart 259/127.

42
R A Stuart 259/144; 260/1–2.

43
Charles Edward to James, 1 November, R A Stuart 260/34.

44
R A Stuart 257/41.

45
For Kelly’s meteoric rise see R A Stuart 258/16,27; 259/87,145.

46
Murray of Broughton
, pp.375–6; R A Stuart 259/88,127.

47
R A Stuart 259/171.

48
R A Stuart 258/132,134,150. Marischal’s strictures on the pair also influenced James (R A Stuart 259/142).

49
R A Stuart 258/22,41,160.

50
R A Stuart 258/87.

51
A E M D, Angleterre, 85 ff.111–13; 86 f.344; R A Stuart 258/122,165; 259/145.

52
R A Stuart 257/164. Cf. also James Browne,
A History of the Highlands
(Edinburgh, 1853), ii, p.465.

53
R A Stuart 259/98.

54
Murray of Broughton
, pp.88–91; R A Stuart 259/101. Murray of Broughton’s mission had its moments of high comedy, with Murray revealing the extent of Balhaldy’s and Sempill’s double-dealing to the prince, while Balhaldy was in the next room trying to overhear the conversation (
Murray of Broughton
, pp.94–5).

55
A E M D, Angleterre, 86 f.341.

56
R A Stuart 258/78.

57
The news of the final settlement of the French pension was greatly welcomed in Rome. Benedict XIV reported that for the first time, James, who had sunk daily in spirits ever since his son left, showed signs of an emergence from melancholia (Benedict to Tencin, 23 January, 13 March 1745, Morelli, i, pp.222,232).

1
Blaikie,
Origins
, op. cit., pp.xliv–xlvi; R A Stuart 258/164.

2
Murray of Broughton
, op. cit., p.90.

3
S P Dom, 86/69. Sheridan on arrival in France found the prince taller than he remembered him in Rome. He attributed this to his now wearing shoes of normal size instead of with artificially low heels (Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.112).

4
Murray of Broughton
, p.90; R A Stuart 259/75.

5
Murray of Broughton
, p.91.

6
R A Stuart 259/88.

7
R A Stuart 259/98.

8
Elcho,
Short Account
, p.234;
Murray of Broughton
, p.428. Cf. Charles Edward to Murray of Broughton, May 1745: ‘I am
now
resolved to be as good as my word and to execute a resolution which has never been out a moment out of my thoughts since I first took it in your presence’ (R A Stuart 265/72).

9
R A Stuart Box 1/199.

10
R A Stuart Box 1/200.

11
H M C 11, vii, p.76. The English spies reported: ‘His gait is ungracious and his knees appear stiff, but he is otherwise a well-made personage.’

12
R A Stuart Box 1/201.

13
R A Stuart 257/156.

14
R A Stuart 258/139.

15
R A Stuart 259/64.

16
R A Stuart 261/39.

17
S P Tuscany 48 f.114; 49 f.60; Browne, ii, p.452; R A Stuart 261/90. But James continued to insist that any French landing should be in England (R A Stuart 262/30).

18
A E M D, Angleterre, 83 f.213.

19
R A Stuart 261/109; Mahon, iii, p.x.

20
Browne, ii, pp. 467–8;
Murray of Broughton
, p.389; R A Stuart 262/1,2,46.

21
R A Stuart 261/170.

22
R A Stuart 261/118; 262/30. But Sheridan hit back at Tencin, calling him ‘a tyrant in business’ who, if he had his way, would have dispatched the prince to the other side of the Alps. The choice, said Sheridan, was an instant resolution of the debts or a retreat to Avignon.

23
R A Stuart 261/109; Mahon, iii, p.ix.

24
R A Stuart 262/133.

25
R A Stuart 261/107,145,155; 262/43,121.

26
L. L. Bongie,
The Love of a Prince
, op.cit. p.112.

27
R A Stuart 262/41,51.

28
R A Stuart 264/101.

29
R A Stuart 262/173.

30
Philippe d’Albert duc de Luynes,
Mémoires du duc de Luynes sur la cour de Louis XV
, L. Dussieux and E. Souliné, 17 vols (Paris, 1860–6), vi, p.355.

31
Hence the absurdity of Walpole’s statement (Walpole to Mann, 24 December 1744,
Walpole Correspondence
, 18, p.552) that Charles Edward had been acknowledged in France as Prince of Wales, and that the Bourbon princes of the blood had been to visit him under that name. In fact the duke of Orléans asked for permission to meet Charles Edward and was refused (R A Stuart 261/11).

32
R A Stuart 263/119.

33
He even visited Butler, the master of horse, at Versailles, wearing a mask and had a close-up view of the royal family (R A Stuart 262/160).

34
Luynes, vi, pp.355–6; R A Stuart 263/51A.

35
R A Stuart 262/2.

36
Feydeau de Marville,
Lettres au ministre Maurepas
, ed. A. de Boislisle (Paris, 1896), 3 vols, ii, p.42; Mahon, iii, p.x; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.117; R A Stuart 263/24.

37
R A Stuart 263/124,125,170; 264/32. News of the prince’s low credit rating led Parisian tradesmen to refuse to deliver to him when in Paris (Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, pp.118–19).

38
Browne, ii, pp.453,455,456–7,459.

39
R A Stuart 263/133,166.

40
R A Stuart 264/66,68; Mahon, iii, p.xii.

41
R A Stuart 264/173.

42
R A Stuart 263/200.

43
R A Stuart 264/38,150. The prince’s snub was not the only slight received by the Berwick family at this time. Furious with himself for having given so much away to the bishop of Soissons in August 1744, during the famous ‘deathbed confession’, Louis VX vetoed Soisson’s elevation to the purple in April 1745 (R A Stuart 264/97).

44
The French were even more reluctant to meet the cost of providing arms than of sending troops (Mahon, iii, pp.xi–xii).

45
Not that the prince was exactly practising rigid economies. Sheridan’s accounts for February 1745 show an expenditure of £470 12s. Included in this is £24 for four opera tickets plus considerable expenditure on wines: 12 bottles of Malaga, 2 of Burgundy, 4 unnamed vintages and 3 bottles of liqueur (R A Cumberland 2/305).

46
Mahon, iii, pp.xi–xii; R A Stuart 263/51.

47
Murray of Broughton
, pp.390–2.

48
R A Stuart 263/121.

49
Browne, ii, p.458; R A Stuart 264/14.

50
R A Stuart 261/169; 262/64. The first mention of O’Sullivan is in January 1745. He was soon put in charge of the prince’s financial affairs (R A Stuart 262/43,160).

51
R A Stuart 261/153; 262/116; 263/94; Browne, ii, pp.456–7,459;
Murray of Broughton
, pp.396–7. Charles Edward responded with bitter and sometimes gloating attacks on the duo (R A Stuart 264/32;
Murray of Broughton
, pp.392–4; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.125).

52
R A Stuart 262/131.

53
Szechi,
Jacobitism and Tory Politics
, op.cit., p.18.

54
Charles Edward to Edgar, 12 June 1745, Denys Bower MSS.

55
For details see R A Cumberland 2/328–31,337,340,342–4; 1,800 broadswords
were
sent in one consignment in May 1745 alone (R A Cumberland, 2/364).

56
Denys Bower MSS.

57
Gaston Martin,
Nantes au dix-huitième siècle
(Toulouse, 1928), esp.pp.240–3; Henri Malo,
Les derniers corsairs 1715–1815
(Paris, 1925).

58
La Tremouille,
Une famille royaliste Irlandaise et Française 1689–1789
(Nantes, 1901), pp.8–18.

59
A and H Tayler,
1745 and After
(1938), pp.46–7 (O’Sullivan’s account), pp.46–7; R A Stuart M 11 p.34.

60
R A Stuart 263/118.

61
R A Stuart 263/132.

62
R A Stuart 264/97.

63
Charles Edward to Edgar, 12 June 1745, Denys Bower MSS.

64
La Tremoille, op.cit., pp.18–19.

65
R A Stuart 264/151.

66
Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, pp.118–20,122.

67
For a detailed argument on this point see F. J. McLynn,
France and the ’45
, op.cit., pp.32–4. Another interesting pointer is that lieutenant of police Marville’s reports to Maurepas at this time are a tissue of confusion. See
Marville-Maurepas
, ii, pp.113–15,126–8.

68
For O’Sullivan’s career see A and H Tayler,
1745 and After
, op.cit. (hereinafter cited as O’Sullivan).

69
R A Stuart 265/197; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.118.

70
R A Stuart Box 1/212; 264/40;
Murray of Broughton
, p.395; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.124.

71
R A Stuart 265/72.

72
L M
, i, pp.201,282.

73
For MacDonald see Tayler,
Jacobite Miscellany
, esp.pp.61–6.

74
R A Stuart 261/82.

75
R A Stuart 259/101.

76
For Lord Lovat’s devious Jacobite plotting see Bruce Lenman,
The Jacobite Clans of the Great Glen 1650–1784
(1984), pp.132–48.

77
R A Stuart 264/152.

78
R A Stuart 264/123–4; Mahon, iii, pp.xvii–xix;
Murray of Broughton
, pp.396–7.

79
The memoir written to Charles Edward by Sir Hector Maclean and John Roy Stewart on 2 December 1744 (R A Stuart 260/86) makes it plain that the prince’s idea of a rising
first
to entice the French was well grounded in the advice he was receiving from the Scottish Jacobites.

80
R A Stuart 265/72.

81
A E M D, Angleterre, 83 f.228; 87 f.173.

82
Add. MSS 34,523; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, pp.118–20.

83
R A M.10/2 (Sir John MacDonald’s account), p.1.

84
Ibid
., p.3.

85
R A Stuart 265/201; Browne, iii, p.429.

86
R A Stuart 265/133; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.128.

87
L M
, i, p.281.

88
R A Cumberland 4/297.

89
R A Stuart M 10/2, p.3.

90
Chevalier de Johnstone,
A Memoir of the Forty-Five
(1820), p.2; La Tremouille, p.21.

91
R A Stuart 266/86; Mahon, iii, p.xx; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.132.

92
‘I have been a little sea-sick and expect to be more so, but it does not keep me much a-bed, for I find the more I struggle with it, the better’ (Charles Edward to Edgar, 12 July 1745, R A Stuart 266/102; Mahon, iii, p.xxi).

93
R A Stuart M 10/2, p.4; La Tremouille, p.22.

94
R A Stuart 266/102; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.133.

95
R A Cumberland 3/358; 4/301.

96
L M
, i, pp.285,287.

97
A E M D, Angleterre, 91 f.375. The prince pointedly did not write to Tencin, Orry or Noailles.

98
Cf. Charles Edward to James, 4 August: ‘The worst that can happen to me, if France does not succour me, is to die at the head of such brave people as I find there … the French Court must now necessarily take off the mask or have an eternal shame on them’ (R A Stuart 266/174; Mahon, iii, p.xxii).

99
R A Stuart 265/129.

100
R A Stuart 265/72; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, pp.118–20.

101
Another literary conceit: Charles Edward was like the
Pequod
in
Moby Dick
, obliged to crowd on sail in the Sunda Straits both to catch up with the whale armada
and
to throw off the pursuing Malay pirates.

102
Browne, iii, pp.440–1; R A Stuart 266/196–7. Cf. also James to Sempill, Browne, iii, pp.430–1.

103
Browne, iii, pp.445–6; R A Stuart 267/86.

104
S P Tuscany 50 f.217.

105
Benedict to Tencin, 25 August and 15 September 1745, Morelli, i, pp.266,273–4.

106
The most recent statement of this oft-repeated charge is in Lenman,
Jacobite Clans of the Great Glen
, op.cit., esp.pp.148–76.

107
See Karl Popper,
The Open Society and its Enemies
, 2 vols (1945).

108
For a detailed analysis of this see F. J. McLynn,
France and the ’45
, op.cit.

109
See the chapters on the ’45 in Bruce Lenman,
The Jacobite Risings in Britain 1689–1746
(1980).

110
For a lengthier treatment of this topic see McLynn,
The Jacobites
(1985), pp.63–77.

111
R A Stuart 265/175; Browne, iii, p.429; Tayler,
Stuart Papers
, p.129.