Authors: Martin Lindstrom
1.
Brad Stone, “Breakfast Can Wait. The Day’s First Stop Is Online,”
New York Times
, August 9, 2009.
2.
Ibid.
3.
Shelley DuBois, “How Pepsi’s Crowd-Sourced Ads Beat the Super Bowl Beer Spots,”
Fortune
, February 10, 2011.
4.
“Shopaholic Granny Stole More Than £150,000 from Her Employers to Fund an Addiction,”
London Evening Standard
, May 6, 2007 (available at
http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/news/article-23399529-shopaholic-granny-stole-150000-to-feed-her-addiction.do
).
5.
Amy S. Clark, “Shopping Addiction: A Serious Problem,”
CBS Evening News
, December 9, 2006 (available at
http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/12/
09/eveningnews/main2243936.shtml
).
6.
Merriam-Webster online dictionary,
http://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/addiction
.
7.
Pandelis Pazarlis, Konstantinos Katsigiannopoulos, Georgios Papazisis, Stavroula Bolimou, and Georgios Garyfallos, “Compulsive Buying: A Review,”
Annals of General Psychiatry
7 (2008) (Supp. 1): S273.
8.
Shulman Center for Compulsive Theft & Spending, “Compulsive Shopping and Spending Disorders: The Next Frontier of Addiction Treatment!” February 28, 2007,
http://blog.theshulmancenter.com/2007/02/28/compulsive-shopping-and-spending-disorders-the-next-frontier-of-addiction-treatment.aspx
.
9.
“Estimated Prevalence of Compulsive Buying Behavior in the United States,” Lorrin M. Koran, M.D., Ronald J. Faber, Ph. D., Elias Aboujaoude, M.A., M.D., Michael D. Large, Ph.D., and Richard T. Serpe, Ph.D.
American Journal of Psychiatry
163:1806–12, October 2006. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.163.10.1806
10.
“New Test Identifies Shopaholics,” United Press International, September 16, 2008 (available at
http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2008/09/16/New_test
_identifies_shopaholics/UPI-71811221540181/
).
11.
Ibid.
12.
Ibid.
13.
“Shopaholics Are Addicted to Attention, German Researchers Find,”
Deutsche Welle
, January 8, 2008 (available at
http://www.dw-world.de/dw/article/0,2144,3530317,00.html
).
14.
Jennifer Berry Hawes, “Researchers Hunt Biological Sources of Drug Cravings,” Medical University of South Carolina Web site,
http://research.musc.edu/news/kalivas.html
.
15.
Sarah Klein, “Fatty Foods May Cause Cocaine-Like Addiction,”
CNN.com
, March 30, 2010,
http://www.cnn.com/2010/HEALTH/03/
28/fatty.foods.brain/index.html
.
16.
Paul M. Johnson and Paul J. Kenny, “Dopamine D2 Receptors in Addiction-Like Reward Dysfunction and Compulsive Eating in Obese Rats,”
Nature Neuroscience
13 (2010): 635–41.
17.
France Bellisleb, “Effects of Monosodium Glutamate on Human Food Palatability,”
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
855 (1998): 438–41 (available at
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1749
-6632.1998.tb10603.x/abstract
).
18.
Shannon Bell, “Red Bull Cola Cocaine Report in Germany,”
Rightpundits.com
, May 25, 2009,
http://www.rightpundits.com/?p=3985
.
19.
Joy Victory, “Studying the Sweet Tooth,”
ABC News
, May 25, 2006 (available at
http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Diet/story?id=2001298&page=1
).
20.
Nicole M. Avena, Pedro Rada, and Bartley G. Hoebel, “Evidence for Sugar Addiction: Behavioral and Neurochemical Effects of Intermittent, Excessive Sugar Intake,”
Neuroscience Biobehavioral Review
32, no. 1 (2008): 20–39 (available at
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2235907/?tool=pmcentrez
).
21.
Ibid.
22.
“What Is Lip Balm Addiction?” WiseGeek,
http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-lip-balm-addiction.htm
.
23.
“Are You Addicted to Lip Balm?” Beautiful with Brains, June 30, 2009,
http://www.beautifulwithbrains.com/2009/06/30/are-you-addicted-to-lip-balm/
.
24.
“Boy’s Daily 15-hour Xbox Habit,”
The Sun
, August 25, 2010 (available at
http://www.thesun.co.uk/sol/homepage/news/3111299/Boys-daily-15-hour-Xbox-habit.html#ixzz12x4kfqX5
).
25.
Braden Quartermaine, “Stress over Teen’s ‘Addiction,’ ”
Sunday Times
, July 13, 2007 (available at
http://www.perthnow.com.au/news/western-australia/stress-over-teens-addiction/story-e6frg13u-1111113958526
).
26.
NPD Group, press release, “Extreme Gamers Spend Two Full Days per Week Playing Video Games,” May 27, 2010 (available at
http://www.npd.com/press/releases/press_100527b.html
).
27.
“Video Game Addiction: Is It Real?”
Harris Interactive Online
, April 2, 2007,
http://www.harrisinteractive.com/NEWS/allnewsbydate.asp?NewsID=1196
.
28.
Panel on Game Addiction, International Game Developers Association, Austin chapter, January 2003 (available at
http://archives.igda.org/articles/austin_addiction.php
).
29.
Elizabeth Landau, “In Gambling, Brain Explains Attraction of Near-Misses,” CNN Health, May 7, 2010,
www://pagingdrgupta.blogs.cnn.com/2010/05/07/in-gambling-brain-explains-attraction-of-near-misses/
.
30.
Jeffrey C. Friedman, “Understanding, Assessing and Treating Online Role-Playing Game Addiction,”
Counselor
, May 27, 2010 (available at
http://www.counselormagazine.com/feature-articles-mainmenu-63/113-video-game-addiction
).
31.
“Gaming Addiction: An Epidemic for a Growing Technological Generation,”
Everything Addiction
, April 10, 2010 (available at
http://www.everythingaddiction.com/addiction/video-game/gaming-addiction-an-epidemic-for-a-growing-technological-generation/
).
32.
Elizabeth Olson, “For Farmville Players, a Crop from a Real Organic Farm,”
New York Times
, July 14, 2010 (available at
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/15/
business/media/15adco.html
).
33.
DICE 2010, “Design Outside the Box” Presentation (available at
http://g4tv.com/videos/44277/DICE-2010-Design-Outside-the-Box-Presentation/
).
34.
Peter Kafka, “Facebook, Farmville Now Wasting a Third of Your Web Time,” All Things Digital, August 2, 2010,
http://mediamemo.allthingsd.com/20100802/facebook-farmville-now-wasting-a-third-of-your-web-time/
.
35.
Bryan Morrissey, “Zynga Offering ‘On Game’ Ads,”
Brandweek
, May 3, 2010 (available at
http://www.brandweek.com/bw/content_display/news-and-features/digital/e3ie1921c607ec2b9abf2c8f961922a11b3
).
36.
Olson, “For Farmville Players, a Crop.”
37.
Dan Fletcher, “How Facebook Is Redefining Privacy,”
Time
, May 20, 2010.
38.
Simone S. Oliver, “Who Elected Me Mayor? I Did,”
New York Times
, August 18, 2010 (available at
www.nytimes.com/2010/08/19/fashion/19foursquare.html
).
39.
Ibid.
40.
Sarah Lolley, “Shopping Sample Sales. . . Recessionista Style,”
Pittsburgh Post-Gazette
, March 28, 2010 (available at
http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/10087/1045669-314.stm
).
41.
Heather Dougherty, “Weekly Share of Market Visits—Online Sample Sales,” Hitwise, June 12, 2009,
http://weblogs.hitwise.com/heather-dougherty/2009/06/online_sample_sales_1.html
.
42.
Ty McMahan, “Groupon: Deals for Members, but What About the Investors?”
Wall Street Journal
Venture Capital Dispatch, May 27, 2010,
http://blogs.wsj.com/venturecapital/2010/05/27/groupon-deals-for-members-but-what-about-the-investors/
.
43.
Jonah Leher, “Swoopo,” The Frontal Cortext, July 10, 2009,
http://scienceblogs.com/cortex/2009/07/swoopo.php
.
1.
“Finally, Some Actual Stats on Internet Porn,” Gizmodo, June 1, 2010,
http://gizmodo.com/5552899/finally-some-actual-stats-on-internet-porn
.
2.
John Tierney, “Message in What We Buy, but No One Is Listening,”
New York Times
, May 18, 2009 (available at
http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/19/science/19tier.html?_r=1&th&emc=th
).
3.
“An Attractive Revenue Producer,”
Spray
, May 2007 (available at
http://www.precision-valve.com/assets/2446/article_spray_technology_200705.pdf
).
4.
Sam McManis, “Amusing or Offensive, Axe Ads Show That Sexism Sells,”
Seattle Times
, December 4, 2007 (available at
http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/living
/2004050655_axeads03.html
).
5.
Josh Loposer, “Minnesota Educators Want to Ban Axe Body Spray,”
Stylist
, March 27, 2009 (available at
http://www.stylelist.com/2009/03/27/minnesota-educators-want-to-ban-axe-body-spray/2
).
6.
“Body Spray Banned from N.B. School,”
CBC News
, December 5, 2005 (available at
http://www.cbc.ca/canada/story/2005/12/05/body-scent-051205.html
).
7.
“Naughty,” YouTube,
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0g3sYR7fBl8
, accessed February 28, 2011.
8.
Finlo Rorher, “How Do You Make Children’s Films Appeal to Adults?”
BBC News
, December 16, 2009 (available at
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8415003.stm
).
9.
Emily Bryson York, “Quiznos Throws Subway Curve with ‘Sexy’ $4 Foot-Long,”
Advertising Age
, March 25, 2009 (available at
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/2214960/posts
).
10.
Claire Suddath, “How the Internet Made Justin Bieber a Star,”
Time
, May 17, 2010.
11.
Jan Hoffman, “Justin Bieber Is Living the Dream,”
New York Times
, January 31, 2009 (available at
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/03/fashion/03bieber.html
).
12.
Beth Tietell, “Never Too Old to Swoon,”
Boston Globe
, May 13, 2010 (available at
http://www.boston.com/community
/moms/articles/2010/05/13/why_are_so_many_moms_
smitten_with_todays_teen_idols?mode=PF
).
13.
“Despite Recession, Overall Plastic Surgery Demand Drops Only 2 Percent from Last Year,” press release, American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, March 9, 2010 (available at
http://www.surgery.org/media/news-releases/despite-recession-overall-plastic-surgery-demand-drops-only-2-percent-from-last-year
).
14.
Susan Reda, “Guess What? Men Shop, Too!”
Stores
, April 2010 (available at
http://www.stores.org/stores-magazine-april-2010/guess-what-men-shop-too
).
15.
Barbara Kiviat, “Swaying Shoppers: The Power of Product Specs,”
Time
, December 22, 2008 (available at
http://www.time.com/time/business/
article/0,8599,1868275,00.html
).
16.
“Vanity Sizing: Are Retailers Making Clothes Bigger So Customers Feel Better?”
Huffington Post
, April 19, 2010,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/04/19/vanity-sizing-are-retaile_n_542830.html
.
17.
“Vanity Sizing Plagues MEN’S Stores,”
Huffington Post
, September 8, 2010,
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/08/vanity-sizing-mens-pants_n_709004.html
.
18.
Ibid.
19.
Ibid.
20.
Michael Quintanilla, “H-E-B Aisle Is for Guys Only,”
San Antonio Express-News
, January 27, 2010 (available at
http://www.chron.com/disp/story.mpl
/headline/features/6838384.html
).
1.
Pierre-Paul Grasse,
Termitologia
, vols. 1–3 (Paris: Masson, 1982–1986). See also
http://www.forteantimes.com/strangedays
/science/382/hive_minds.html
.
2.
Ibid.
3.
Kevin Smith, “Are You a Termite or a Squasher?” NextWave Performance, the Executive Intelligence Report, September 3, 2007,
http://www.nextwaveperformance.com/the-executive-intelligence-rep/are-you-a-termite-or-a-squasher.html
.
4.
John R. G. Dyer, Christos C. Ioannou, Lesley J. Morrell, Darren P. Croft, Iain D. Cousin, Dean A. Waters, and Jens Krause, “Consensus Decision Making in Human Crowds,”
Animal Behavior
75 (2008): 561–470 (discussed at
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/397/
sheep_in_human_clothing_scientists_reveal_our_flock_mentality
).
5.
Smith, “Are You a Termite.”
6.
Clare Elsley, “Sheep in Human Clothing—Scientists Reveal Our Flock Mentality,” University of Leeds, February 14, 2008,
http://www.leeds.ac.uk/news/article/397/
sheep_in_human_clothing_scientists_reveal_our_flock_mentality
.
7.
Peter Miller,
The Smart Swarm: How Understanding Flocks, Schools, and Colonies Can Make Us Better at Communicating, Decision Making, and Getting Things Done
(New York: Avery Books, 2010), p. 213.
8.
Gene Weingarten, “Pearls Before Breakfast,”
Washington Post
, April 8, 2007 (available at
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/04/04/AR2007040401721.html
).
9.
Jan Faull, “Your Clever Toddler in Week 59: The Onset of Peer Influence,” BabyZone,
http://www.babyzone.com/
toddler/toddler_development/toddler-week-by-week/article/
clever-toddler-weeks-59-60
.
10.
Olivia Barker, “Meet ‘Top Secret Elmo,’ ”
USA Today
, February 1, 2006 (available at
http://www.usatoday.com/life/2006-02-01-tickle-me-elmo_x.htm
).
11.
“Across the Zhu-Niverse Twitter Party,”
Resourceful Mommy
, July 5, 2010,
http://resourcefulmommy.com/3102/zhu-zhu-pets-giveaway/
.
12.
Martin Eisend, “Explaining the Impact of Scarcity Appeals in Advertising: The Mediating Role of Perceptions in Susceptibility,”
Journal of Advertising
, September 22, 2008.
13.
Kit Yarrow, “Explaining the Why Behind the Buy,”
Psychology Today
, December 9, 2009 (available at
http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-why-behind-the-buy/200912/how-consumer-psychology-created-the-zhu-zhu-hamster-craze
).
14.
Robert Cialdini,
The Psychology of Persuasion
(New York: Harper, 2006).
15.
“H1N1 Vaccine Shortage Fabricated to Create Hysteria, Boost Demand?” Health Freedom Alliance, November 6, 2009,
http://blogs.healthfreedomalliance.org/blog/2009/11/06/h1n1-vaccine-shortage-fabricated-to-create-hysteria-boost-demand
.
16.
Ibid.
17.
David Lieberman, “The Juicy Details Behind the Viacom-YouTube Lawsuit,”
USA Today
, March 19, 2009 (available at
http://content.usatoday.com/communities/technologylive/
post/2010/03/media-morning-the-
juicy-details-behind-the-viacom-youtube-lawsuit/1
).
18.
Ibid.
19.
David Kravets, “Google Wins Viacom Copyright Lawsuit,”
Wired
, June 23, 2010 (available at
http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2010/06/dmca-protects-youtube/
).
20.
Kim Hart, “Peer Pressure in Online Shopping,”
Washington Post
, July 9, 2008 (available at
http://blog.washingtonpost.com/posttech/2008/07/
peer_pressure_in_online_shoppi.html?nav=rss_blog
).
21.
Ibid.
22.
Sidney Frank, “How I Did It,”
Inc
., September 1, 2005 (available at
http://www.inc.com/magazine/20050901/qa.html
).
23.
G. S. Berns, “Natural Mechanisms of Social Influence in Consumer Decisions,” University of Oregon, April 10, 2009.
24.
Berns, “Natural Mechanisms of Social Influence.”
25.
Mark Buchanan, “Social Networks: The Great Tipping Point Test,”
New Scientist
, July 26, 2010 (available at
http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20727701.100-social-web-the-great-tipping-point-test.html
).
26.
Jonah Berger, “In Pursuit of the ‘It’ Gift at the Holidays,” Oregon Live, December 20, 2009,
http://www.oregonlive.com/opinion/index.ssf
/2009/12/in_pursuit_of_the_it_gift_at_t.html
.
27.
David Pogue, “For Those Facebook Left Behind,”
New York Times
, July 7, 2010 (available at
http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/08/technology
/personaltech/08pogue.html?
pagewanted=2&adxnnl=1&ref=general&src=me&
adxnnlx=1278849675-D3KlidM/7ANbaohmVO7CJA
).
28.
Dan Fletcher, “Friends Without Borders,”
Time
, May 31, 2010.
29.
“Facebook: Facts and Figures for 2010,” Digital Buzz, March 22, 2010.
30.
Dan Fletcher, “How Facebook Is Redefining Privacy,”
Time
, May 20, 2010 (available at
http://www.time.com/time/business/
article/0,8599,1990582,00.html
).
31.
Ibid.
32.
Fletcher, “Friends Without Borders.”
33.
Ibid.
34.
Maja Beckstrom, “ ’Tweens Want Hip Stuff, but Self-Esteem Is the Real Need,”
Twin Cities Pioneer Press
, January 28, 2008 (available at
http://www.twincities.com/allheadlines/ci_7558230
).
35.
Ibid.
36.
Kevin Rawlinson, “Coming Soon to a Wrist Near You. . . the Craze That’s Sweeping America,”
Independent
UK, August 4, 2010 (available at
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/this-britain/coming-soon-to-a-wrist-near-you-the-craze-thats-sweeting-america-2042599.html
).
37.
Emmi Kuusikko, “Teens Prefer Buying Brands,” VVWarc, June 5, 2009,
http://www.warc.com/News/TopNews.asp?ID=25231&origin
.
38.
Wray Herbert, “The Psychology of Knock-Offs: Why ‘Faking It’ Makes Us Feel (and Act) Like Phonies,”
Huffington Post,
April 7, 2010.
39.
Ibid.
40.
Amanda Lenhart, Kristen Purcell, Aaron Smith, and Kathryn Zickuhr, “Social Media and Mobile Internet Use Among Teens and Young Adults,” Pew Internet & American Life Project, the Pew Research Center, February 3, 2010 (available at
http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2010/Social-Media-and-Young-Adults.aspx
).
41.
See
http://www.apple.com/education/mac-for-school/
.
42.
Mike Adams, “Laughter Is Good Medicine for Reducing Stress, Enhancing Brain Chemistry,” Natural News, April 28, 2005,
http://www.naturalnews.com/007551.html
.
43.
Young Lee, James Moon, and Michael Lin, “Levi Strauss & Co.: An Analysis,”
http://www.docstoc.com/docs/18141871/Levis-Strauss-Marketing-Plan
.
44.
N. Ravindran, “Asia’s Love for Luxury Brands,”
Entrepreneur
, February–March 2007.