Authors: Stephen Dando-Collins
Tags: #Historical
Casca, Publius Servilius, 177–78
in Spain, 1–5, 76–85, 164, 165–75
Cassius, Gaius, 85, 176, 180–87
World War II parallels, 93–94, 151
Cassius Longinus, Quintus, 84, 85
civil war (a.d. 68–69), 230–34, 258, 281
Cassivellaunus, 45–48
new legions raised, 258, 267
Cato, Marcus (son of Cato the Younger),
10th Legion veterans in, 216
188
Claudius, Emperor, 116, 196–97, 204,
Cato the Younger, 29, 66, 128, 131
221, 269, 270–71, 278, 279
North African forces, 160
Cleopatra, queen of Egypt, 119, 140, 261,
Pompey and, 74, 98, 109, 133, 292
282
Pompey’s defeat and, 140
Antony liason, 188–89, 190–94
suicide of, 164
Caesar liason, 144–45, 182
Catuvellauni tribe, 45–48
Clusinas, Gaius, 76, 157
Celer (tribune), 278, 279
Commentary. See
Caesar’s memoirs
Celer, Domitius (general), 203
Commius, king of the Atrebates, 31,
centurion
34–35, 40, 58, 60–61, 62
in Augustan legions, 196–97
Considius, Publius, 14, 15
Caesar’s personal call to, 27
Constantine the Great, Emperor,
chief centurion, 60
267–68
dress uniform of, 213
consul, 12, 17, 197, 288, 289
first Christian conversion, 298
Coponius, Gaius, 100
grades and duties of, 8, 212
Corbulo, Gnaeus Domitius, 205–10, 215,
as key to battle success, 122
219–20, 224–26, 234, 268, 278, 279
legion structure and, 212–13
Corfinium, siege of, 71–72, 90, 97, 149
modern equivalent, 287
Cornelia (wife of Pompey), 36, 111, 139,
retirement plans, 63–64, 76
140, 141, 142
10th Legion veterans, 198
Cornificius, Quintus, 136, 137
Cerialis, Sextus Petilius, 232, 252
Corona Vallaris, 249
chariots, British, 32, 37, 46, 47
Crassus, Marcus Licinius, 15, 17, 35, 61,
Christianity, 267, 275, 278, 298
65, 111, 175, 186, 208, 282
Cicero, Marcus Tullius, 74, 91, 118, 181,
Crassus, Publius (son), 17, 23, 28, 35–36,
282
65, 111
Cicero, Quintus (brother), 51, 52, 53
Crassus, Publius Canidius, 191, 192
Cilician legions, 282
Crastinus, Gaius, 16–21, 169, 268
Cimber, Tillius, 177
death of, 126, 133
Civic Crown, 21, 255
loyalty to Caesar, 113, 114, 121
civil tribune, 66, 70
at Pharsalus, 121, 122, 123–26, 133
military tribune vs., 197
posthumous award, 249
civil war (49–45 b.c.), 1–5, 64, 65–174,
promotions, 59–60
198, 282
recall to 10th Legion, 86, 113–14
assassination of Pompey, 142–43
retirement, 63–64, 76, 156
defections to Pompey, 3, 4, 72–73, 78,
Cremona, Battle of, 216, 247, 248
87–88, 105–6, 112, 166, 169
crucifixion, 242, 267, 275
in Egypt, 144–45
Curio, Gaius Scribonius, 66, 69–72, 87,
end of, 174
90, 149, 160
in Greece and Albania, 73–75, 78,
Cursus Publicus (news courier), 218
85–112, 118, 198, 274, 282
initiation of, 65–70
Dacian Wars, 264, 270, 271, 272
legions raised, 72, 76, 87, 282
Dead Sea, 219, 229, 257, 259, 260, 261
in North Africa, 146, 149–64, 286
Dead Sea Scrolls, 229–30
peace moves, 97, 99
Deiotarus, king of Galatia, 119, 144–45
Pompey’s attrition strategy, 111
Didius, Gaius, 173
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Dio, Cassius, 296
Caesar’s control of, 144–45, 146, 165,
legions listing, 269–72, 285
166, 182
disease epidemics, 74, 91, 93, 115, 190
Germanicus’s visit to, 202, 277
Dolabella, Publius, 186
grain supply from, 233, 277
Domitian, Emperor, 211, 256, 267, 270,
legion base in, 217, 233, 267
271, 284
Octavian’s march on, 193–94
Domitius Ahenobarbus, Lucius, 71–72,
Pompey’s flight to, 132, 140–43
86, 117, 127, 133
Pompey troops from, 119
Domitius Calvinus, Gnaeus, 101, 110
uniqueness of legion command, 199,
Durrës (Durazzo), 74, 96–109, 115, 118,
277–79
160, 198
Eleazar ben Jair, 256, 259, 261, 263
Pompey’s success at, 103–9, 111, 192
elephants, 157, 158, 160, 163, 169, 226
Durus, Quintus, 46
Emmaus, 229, 232, 233, 235, 255–56, 266
Dyrrhachium, Battle of.
See
Durrës
Equestrian Order, 7–8, 122, 196, 277–78
Essenes, 229–30
8th Legion (later 8th Augusta), 7, 9, 11,
Evocati militia, 216, 233
42, 44, 137, 165, 169, 195, 228, 268,
282
1st Adiutrix Legion, 271, 283
in Caesar’s invasion of Italy, 68, 69, 71,
1st Italica Legion, 195, 198, 271, 283
74
1st Legion
Caesar’s mutiny-quelling speech to,
abolition of, 258
146–48
in civil war, 69, 73, 74, 107, 112,
in civil war in Albania/Greece, 100,
117–22, 126–27, 129, 160–61, 164
104–8, 113, 115, 118, 127–29
escapees from Pharsalus, 133
in civil war in North Africa, 150, 152,
escapees from Thapsus, 164, 165
158, 159, 163
final battle in Spain, 165, 170, 172
combined with 9th, 108, 115, 118, 127
founding of, 269, 282
desertions from Pompey to Caesar, 167
as Pompeian elite, 3, 65
desertion to Pompey, 3–4, 166, 168–69
1st Legion of the Fleet, 271, 283
founding in Spain, 61, 269, 273
4th Flavia Legion, 268, 271
in Gaul, 14, 15–16, 25, 27–28, 56, 62
4th Legion (later 4th Macedonica), 61,
looting of Roman homes by, 145
79, 81, 198, 209, 216, 268, 282
mutiny after Pharsalus, 130–35
Antony command, 179, 180, 184, 189
10th Legion centurions from, 8
defectors, 103, 115, 118, 160, 180
11th Legion (later 11th Claudia Pia
discharge/remobilization of, 83–86
Fidelis), 68, 77, 87, 134, 137, 268,
escapees from Pharsalus, 133
269
at Pharsalus, 118, 127, 128
Caesar’s lack of trust in, 42
at Philippi, 184–85, 187
in civil war, 1, 87, 90, 91, 101, 112, 115
with Scipio in North Africa, 160, 161
in Gaul, 14, 15–16, 19, 25, 27–28, 61,
Scythica title, 265, 269
62, 282
5th Legion (later 5th Macedonica), 61,
18th Legion, 72, 74, 90, 233, 234, 250,
79, 81, 165, 195, 233, 269, 282, 286
252, 258
in Armenia under Corbulo, 210
eagle standard, 34
under Augustus, 195
Egnatian Way, 96–97, 183
in civil war in North Africa, 149–52,
Egus, 105–6, 112, 114
155–58, 160, 163, 169, 225–26
Egypt
in civil war in Spain, 2, 166–67, 169
Antony and Cleopatra in, 188–94
discharge in Spain, 2, 83, 84, 149
barred to Roman senators, 202, 223,
elephant symbol, 169, 226
277
fame after Thapsus, 169, 225–26
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Jewish revolts and, 223–30, 234, 235,
Galilee, 219, 224, 227
239, 240, 243, 250, 252, 255
Gallus, Cestius, 220–21, 234
in Macedonia under Antony, 179, 184
Gaul, 13–29, 50–64, 70, 77, 282
in Moesia, 221, 232, 235, 255, 269
British invasions from, 30, 31, 41–42,
prisoners in Scipio’s forces, 161
49
14th Legion (later 14th Gemina Martia
Caesar’s command in, 13–29, 61–66,
Victrix), 282
198, 262
in Caesar’s invasion of Italy, 68
full conquest of, 24–29, 63, 66
in civil war, 77, 80, 84, 86, 87, 89,
Vercingetorix revolt, 53–62, 79, 109
149, 155, 159
Vindex revolt, 228, 230
founding of, 24, 270
Gemina Legions, 118, 128, 180, 282, 270,
in Gaul, 24, 27, 42, 61, 62
271–72.
See also
14th Legion; 7th
losses in Gaul, 50–51, 52, 53
Gemina Legion; 13th Legion
prisoners in Scipio’s forces, 161
Gergovia, siege of, 53–57, 60, 109
replacements, 52, 273
Germanicus Caesar, 199–204, 208, 274,
15th Legion, 230, 233, 277
277
in Armenian campaign, 210, 225
German mercenaries, 57, 65, 68, 78, 103,
founding of, 52, 270, 282
110, 113, 135, 151, 166
in Gaul, 52, 54, 55, 270, 282
Germany, 20–23, 28–29, 42, 50, 52, 63,
Jewish Revolt and, 221, 223, 225, 228,
199, 200, 270, 274
232, 234–35, 239, 240, 243–44, 246,
golden crown awards, 21, 248–49, 255
255–57
Golgotha, 267
land grants in Emmaus, 255–56, 266
grain
at Pharsalus, 117–18, 119, 127–28
in Armenia, 208–9, 210
turned over to Pompey, 65–66, 69,
in Britain, 36, 37, 42
73, 74, 107, 112, 117
Egypt as source, 233, 277
Fabius, Gaius, 68, 75, 76–79, 156–57
in Greece, 109, 110–11, 138
Fabius Maximus, Quintus, 165, 166
legion dependence on, 208–9
Farsala.
See
Pharsalus, Battle of
North African invasion and, 152
Favonius, Marcus, 128–29, 133, 140,
in Spain, 82
187
Greece
Filippoi.
See
Philippi, Battles of
Caesar’s amphibious invasions of,
First Triumvirate, 61
89–101
Flaccus, Cornelius, 207
Octavian in, 193
Flaccus, Gaius Norbanus, 183
as Pompey’s base, 73–75, 78, 85–88
Fonteius, Aulus, 145, 156
See also
Albania; Macedonia; Pharsalus, France.
See
Gaul
Battle of
Fronto, Heternius, 234, 252
guerrilla warfare, 61, 245, 265, 266
Fufius Calenus, Quintus, 94, 96, 98, 100,
104–5, 115, 136
Hadrian, Emperor, 143, 265, 266
Fulminata.
See
12th Fulminata Legion Hebron, 231, 259
helmets, 16, 214–15
Gabinius, Aulus, 70
Helvetii, 13–20, 23, 59
Gaius Caesar.
See
Caligua
Heraclius, Emperor, 268
Galatian legion, 283
Hermann (Arminius), 199, 200, 270
Galba, Emperor, 219, 228, 230
Herod Agrippa II, 227, 231
death of, 231, 232
Herod Antipas, 259
legions, 231, 258, 267, 271–72, 283
Herod’s Palace, 240, 243, 254–55, 256
Galba, Servius, 17, 145, 176
Herod the Great, 194, 198, 201, 227, 261,
Galba, Sulpicius, 180–81
265
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Hirtius, Aulus, 42, 67, 152, 154, 169, 180,
15th Legion land grants in, 255–56,
181, 292, 293
266
Horace, 168
First Jewish Revolt, 217–66, 279
horoscopes, 7
Second Jewish Revolt, 265–66
Horrocks, Sir Brian, 212
separate legion bases in, 267
Hortensius, Quintus, 67, 70
10th Legion in, 198–99, 217–66,
285–86
Ides of March, 177, 282
12th Legion in, 199, 274, 275, 279
Illyricum, 13, 77–78, 87–92, 137, 234
uniqueness of legion command in, 199,
Indigena Legion, 3, 79, 85, 165, 166, 170
278–79
renamed 21st Rapax, 195
Vespasian (Titus) command, 233–34
Insteius, Marcus, 191
Jude ben Ari, 260, 261
Islam, 268
Julia (wife of Pompey), 36
Israel, state of, 227, 263
Julia Augusta (Livia), 198, 203
Julianus, Antonius, 250, 252
javelins, 5, 18–19, 26, 51
Jupiter (deity), 265, 266, 267
Jefat ( Jotapata), siege of, 225–26, 239,
Juvenal, 208–9
268
Jerusalem, 198–99, 219, 220–57, 268
Labeo, Antistius, 188
complete destruction of, 256–57
Labienus, Titus
full-scale assault on, 238–57
background of, 73
Jewish escapees, 260
in Caesar’s campaigns, 13–17, 24–27,
renaming/rebuilding of, 266, 267
42, 45, 48, 54–59, 63, 68
riots of 4 b.c., 198, 265
Caesar’s disparagement of, 112
three walls of, 235–41, 245–47
death at Munda, 172–73
Jesus Christ, crucifixion of, 267, 275
defection to Pompey, 72–73, 74, 78, 98,
Jewish diaspora, 266
104, 112, 157
Jewish Revolt (a.d. 66–70), 216, 217–64,
escape to North Africa, 133
268, 274, 279
escape to Spain, 164, 167, 170–73
Josephus account, 297
North African campaign against Caesar,
tactics, 235, 236, 241, 245, 251–52
152–53, 155, 158, 160, 162
See also
Jerusalem; Masada
at Pharsalus, 119, 123–24, 129
Jewish Revolt (a.d. 132–133), 265–66
Laelius, Decimus, 137
John ben Simon, 229
Lebanon, 198, 227, 274, 278
John of Gischala, 227, 246–47, 250, 251,
legate, 197, 288
254, 255, 256
legions/legionaries, 269–72
John the Baptist, 259
age calculation, 275
John the Idumaean, 239–40
allegiance oath, 212, 215
Jordan River, 227, 228–29, 259
artillery, 238–39
Josephus, 297
Augustan reforms, 195–97
on fame of Spanish legions, 206,
average height, 8
225–26
“buddy system,” 213