In most cases I attribute remarks, statements, and sources as I cite them, just as you would in a newspaper or a magazine. But this is not a newspaper or a magazine. So in many cases, including specific attribution with source and date got in the way of telling the story. I offer some further explanation here.
Books cited are listed in full in the bibliography. When someone is quoted without explanation, in nearly every case it means I spoke to him or her. In some other cases, a public official is quoted without attribution when his or her remarks were widely reported and not disputed. Following are some other statements and remarks that are not fully attributed.
9
UN agencies say:
On its Web site UNICEF puts Cambodia’s literacy rate at about 70 percent, but in my own observation almost everyone I met outside the cities was illiterate.
18
The best surviving account:
Zhou Daguan’s descriptions of Angkor-era Cambodia were taken from
A Record of Cambodia: The Land and Its People
, translated by Peter Harris.
19
In AD 245:
Information about the AD 245 fact-finding mission to Cambodia came from Michael D. Coe,
Angkor and the Khmer Civilization
, 57.
23
Writing in 1834:
The observations of Emperor Minh Mang of Vietnam, in 1834, came from David Chandler,
A History of Cambodia
, 152.
27
The author wrote:
Young Saloth Sar’s remarks about the king came from David M. Ayres,
Anatomy of a Crisis: Education, Development, and the State in Cambodia, 1953–1998
, 42.
49
A few weeks earlier:
Noam Chomsky offered his views about the Khmer Rouge in the
Nation
, June 6, 1977.
50
In February 1978:
Lewis Simons offered his views about the Khmer Rouge in the
Washington Post
, February 19, 1978.
56
Zbigniew Brzezinski:
Elizabeth Becker described Zbigniew Brzezinski’s decision to encourage the Chinese to support the Khmer Rouge in her book
When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution
, 435.
56
After the UN vote:
Samantha Powers wrote about Robert Rosenstock’s interaction with Ieng Sary in her book
A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide
, 150, 152.
60
Henry Kamm:
Henry Kamm wrote about his visit to the Khmer Rouge jungle lodge in his book
Cambodia: Report from a Stricken Land
, 179–180.
70
In October 1991:
The
New York Times
published its editorial on the danger that the Khmer Rouge might return to power on October 24, 1991.
72
“The process is unfolding”:
The
Washington Post
editorial was published on September 12, 1990.
73
Discussing this:
Hun Sen’s conversation with David Roberts appeared in his book
Political Transition in Cambodia, 1991–99: Power, Elitism, and Democracy
, 40.
93
“Over the last 10 years”:
The
Toronto Star
printed the quoted story on June 23, 1994.
93
A bit later:
The AP distributed its interview with Sam Rainsy on August 31, 1994.
94
He told a reporter:
The
Christian Science Monitor
published its story quoting the information minister on October 26, 1994.
116
As Seth Mydans:
The
New York Times
published its story about the 1997 grenade attack on March 31, 1997.
118
“I have no intention”:
Mother Jones
published its article on the grenade attack online in April 2005. Later the authors, Rich Garella and Eric Pape, posted the article, tapes, and other research at
http://www.cambodiagrenade.info/main/
.
131
The United Nations “left the four parties”:
The
Washington Post
quoted Benny Widyono on the failings of the UN occupation on July 20,1997.
133
Seth Mydans of the
New York Times
:
The
New York Times
published Seth Mydans’s story about the village with victims’ “ghosts” on May 27, 1996.
135
Typically, the victim would recall:
The journal
Cultural Medical Psychiatry
published Devon Hinton’s research on Cambodians with PTSD on March 31, 2009.
137
In San Jose, too:
The
Journal of the American Medical Association
published the study “Mental Health of Cambodian Refugees Two Decades After Resettlement in the United States” on August 3, 2005.
138
In about 2004 Cambodian officials:
Government statistics on men who beat their wives came from interviews with government officials.
160
An editorial in the
Washington Post
:
The
Washington Post
published an opinion piece with the headline “Saddam Hun Sen” on July 20, 1997.
160
The
New Republic
called him:
The
New Republic
titled an article about Hun Sen “Hun the Attila” on August 4, 1997.
160
The first one:
The
Boston Globe
published Senator Mitch McConnell’s first op-ed on Cambodia on August 1, 2001.
182
Sixty percent of these payments:
Steven Heder published his account of the agreement between Hun Sen and Ranariddh to split “commissions” in the journal
Southeast Asian Affairs
in 2005.
Heder attributes his finding to “FUNCINPEC and diplomat interviews, March–November 2004.”
183
“Grand corruption involving illegal grants”:
The USAID published its report
Cambodian Corruption Assessment
on August 19, 2004.
208
An NGO study:
A group of NGOs, part of a coalition called “Clean” that is dedicated to fighting corruption, published a study in November 2006 that described the “facilitation fees” school principals had to pay. The study was titled
Local Public Services: Performance and Unofficial Fees
, 7.
208
In late 2009 the
Phnom Penh Post
:
The
Phnom Penh Post
published its story on schoolteachers doubling their bribes on October 27, 2009.
224
But when one reporter asked:
The
Cambodia Daily
published its article about the Pursat prosecutor Top Chan Sereyvudth the week of February 14, 2009. The
Phnom Penh Post
published its own article on June 30, 2009.
233
Violence continued and even increased:
The
Phnom Penh Post
published the police-blotter shorts on various dates in 2008 and 2009.
255
At the end of 2008:
Statistics on sanitation conditions came from various UNICEF and Cambodian government reports.
288
In 2000, for example:
The International Crisis Group published its report
Cambodia: The Elusive Peace Dividend
on August 11, 2000.
289
The yearlong postelection stalemate:
The World Bank published its report
Cambodia at the Crossroads
in November 2004.
298
In a Brookings Institution report:
The Brookings Institution published its report
Aid Effectiveness in Cambodia
in December 2008.
306
“It’s not uncommon”:
The United Nations Human Rights Council published a report that included an observation on pardons before pledge conferences on February 29, 2008, 12.
307
while World Health Organization figures showed:
Data on child deaths from diarrhea-related illnesses, and maternal deaths, came from interviews with World Health Organization officers and hospital officials.
314
The
New York Times
reported that President Clinton:
The
New York Times
published its story about American plans to seize Pol Pot and put him on trial on April 9, 1998.
314
For the United Nations, though:
The Documentation Center of Cambodia published Thomas Hammarberg’s account of negotiations on the Khmer Rouge trial in its magazine,
Searching for the Truth
, on June 18, 2001.
314
Here’s how the Associated Press described:
The Associated Press distributed its story on the Khmer Rouge leaders’ vacation on December 31, 1998.
321
Human Rights Watch said Kong Srim:
Human Rights Watch put out its news release on the Khmer Rouge trial and Kong Srim, the chief judge, on December 5, 2006.
321
The
Phnom Penh Post
noted that:
The
Phnom Penh Post
published its story about despair over the direction of the Khmer Rouge trial on November 21, 2008.
342
The
Cambodia Daily
reported on one of those surveys:
The
Cambodia Daily
reported the results of an International Republican Institute survey the week of February 14, 2009.
342
In 2003 the Asia Foundation conducted:
The Asia Foundation published its public-opinion survey of Cambodians on May 16, 2003, and posted it on its Web site.
345
Just 3 percent of Cambodians said:
Gallup published its worldwide survey on attitudes toward well-being in 2009 and said “results are based on telephone and face-to-face interviews with more than 137,000 adults, aged 15 and older, conducted between 2005 and 2009 in 139 countries.”
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ayres, David M.
Anatomy of a Crisis: Education, Development, and State in Cambodia, 1953–1998.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2000.
Becker, Elizabeth.
When the War Was Over: Cambodia and the Khmer Rouge Revolution
. New York: PublicAffairs, 1986.
Bit, Seanglim.
The Warrior Heritage: A Psychological Perspective on Cambodian Trauma
. 1991.
Chandler, David.
A History of Cambodia
. 4th ed. Boulder: Westview Press, 2008.
Coe, Michael D.
Angkor and the Khmer Civilization
. London: Thames and Hudson, 2003.
Kamm, Henry.
Cambodia: Report from a Stricken Land
. New York: Arcade Publishing, 1998.
Ovesen, Jan, Ing-Britt Trankell, and Joakim Ojendal.
When Every Household Is an Island: Social Organization and Power Structures in Rural Cambodia
. Uppsala Research Reports in Cultural Anthropology, No. 15. Stockholm: Sida, 1996.
Powers, Samantha.
A Problem from Hell: America and the Age of Genocide
. New York: Basic Books, 2002.
Roberts, David W.
Political Transition in Cambodia, 1991–99: Power, Elitism, and Democracy
. London: Curzon Press, 2001.
Short, Philip.
Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare
. New York: Henry Holt, 2004.
Solomon, Richard H.
Exiting Indochina: U.S. Leadership of the Cambodia Settlement and Normalization with Vietnam
. Washington, DC: United States Institute of Peace Press, 2000.
Tully, John.
A Short History of Cambodia: From Empire to Survival
. New South Wales, Australia: Allen and Unwin, 2005.
Vickery, Michael.
Cambodia, 1975–1982
. Boston: South End Press, 1984.
Zhou, Daguan.
A Record of Cambodia: The Land and Its People
. Translated by Peter Harris. 1296. Reprint, Chiang Mai, Thailand: Silkworm Books, 2007.
INDEX
Abney, Ron
and grenade attacks
and Rainsy
and Quinn (1997)
Acid attacks
Adams, Brad
Adhoc
Afghanistan
Agency for International Development (USAID)
Ahmed, Rafeeuddin
Aid conferences.
See also
Foreign aid
Aid Effectiveness in Cambodia
(Brookings Institution)
Airgram (of Quinn)
Akashi, Yashushi
Albright, Madeleine
Alliance of Democrats
Amnesty for Khmer Rouge
Amnesty International
Anatomy of a Crisis
(Ayres)
Ang Vong Vattana
Angkor
Angkor Wat
Annan, Kofi
Annual income
Anticorruption law
and donor community
and draft bill
failure of
and Hun Sen
and Mussomeli
passage of
and penal code
and Twining
See also
Corruption
Anticorruption unit, office of complaints
Asian Development Bank
and world economic crisis (2008)
Asian Human Rights Commission
Assassinations, political
Aung San Suu Kyi
Baby trade
Baker, James
Ban Ki-moon
Barbera Llobet, Javier Merelo de
Bay Sarit
Bay Sophany
Becker, Elizabeth
Belov, Nikita
Bereuter, Doug
Boat people, Vietnamese
Bodyguard forces
Bolton, John
and Cambodian operation
Bombing, by U.S.
Bou Meng
Boutros-Ghali, Boutros
Bridges, Stephen
Bridle, Richard
Broderick, Douglas
Brookings Institution
Brutality/violence
of Khmer Rouge
Brzezinski, Zbigniew
Buddhism.
See also
Religion; Theravadist Buddhism
Buddhist Liberal Party
Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs (U.S. State Department)
Burma
Burns, Nicholas