Authors: Robin Jeffrey
31.
K. Shankar, ‘Sexting: A New Form of Victimless Crime?’,
International Journal of Cyber Criminology
, vol. 3. no. 1 (2009), pp. 21–5.
32.
Gerard Goggin,
Cell Phone Culture
(London: Routledge, 2006), pp. 107–124; Stephanie Donald, T. A. Anderson and Damien Spry (eds),
Youth, Society and Mobile Media in Asia
(London: Routledge, 2010).
33.
‘Cellphone Sexcapade Fuels Scandal in India’,
Los Angeles Times
, 21 December 2004,
www.articles.latimes.come/print/2004/de/21/
world/fg-cell
sex21 (accessed 10 December 2011).
34.
‘Scandal in School Shakes up Delhi’,
The Telegraph
, 27 November 2004,
www.telegraphindia.com/1041127/asp/frontpage/story_4055884.asp
(accessed 10 December 2011).
35.
‘Cellphone Sexcapade’,
Los Angeles Times
, 21 December 2004, ibid.
36.
‘
Love Sex aur Dhoka’
, Wikipedia,
www.en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Love_Sex_aur_Dhoka
and ‘Dev D is based on DPS MMS scandal’,
Oneindia Entertainment
, 7 January 2009,
www.greynium.com/mail-print/print.php
(both accessed 10 December 2011).
37.
Another example, widely circulated in UP, was the Saharanpur Scandal. Again, a young man filmed his girlfriend in sexually explicit positions.
Tehelka
, 5 March 2011,
http://www.tehelka.com/story_main49.asp?filename=hub050311COMMENT.asp
(accessed 15 April 2012).
38.
Gopalan Ravindran, ‘Moral Panic and Mobile Phones: The Cultural Politics of New Media Modernity in India’, in Erwin Alampay (ed.),
Living the Information Society in Asia
(Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2009), p. 101.
Hindu
, 8 October 2007,
http://www.hindu.com/2007/10/08/
stories/2007100851560300.htm
(accessed 12 June 2012), for an attempt by the Karnataka government to ban mobiles in schools.
39.
‘Indian Police get Mobile over Porn’,
Online Asia Times
, 28 July 2005,
http://www.atimes.com/atimes/
South_Asia/GG28Df01.html
(accessed 12 December 2011).
40.
Nishant Shah. ‘Subject to Technology: Internet Pornography, Cyber-Terrorism and the Indian State’,
Inter Asia Cultural Studies Journal
, vol. 8, no 3 (August 2007), p. 357.
41.
Shirky,
Here Comes Everybody
, p. 98–9.
42.
http://www.tehelka.com/story_main49.asp?filename=hub050311COMMENT.asp
(accessed 20 February 2012)
43.
Indian Express
, 21 February 2010,
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/mms-row-girl-boyfriend-commit-suicide/582429/0
(accessed 12 December 2011).
44.
Times of India
, 5 July 2011,
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Girl-raped-for-6-hrs-in-moving-car/articleshow/9105242.cms
(accessed 12 December 2011).
45.
Times of India
, 3 July 2011,
http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/
mumbai/MMS-clip-blows-lid-off-gangrape/articleshow/9081565.cms
(accessed 12 December 20110).
46.
http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/pornography-on-the-internet-hitsindian-society-sunny-leone/1/174081.html
(accessed 14 April 2012)
47.
A similar case occurred in Indonesia in 2011
when an anti-pornography campaigner and member of the Islamic Prosperous Justice Party (PKS) was caught watching porn on his computer during a parliamentary session. See
http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011–04–11/news/29426601_1_indonesian-lawmaker-nazril-ariel-irham-parliamentary-session
(accessed 12 April 2012).
48.
Fischer,
America Calling
, p. 143.
49.
‘1 in 2 Indians victim of mobile phone loss: Norton’,
rediff.com
, 18 March 2011,
http://www.rediff.com/business/slide-show/slide-show-1-tech1-in-2-indians-victim-of-mobile-phone-loss-norton/20110318.htm
(accessed 7 June 2012).
50.
TRAI, ‘Preliminary Consultation Paper on Mobile Phone Theft’, Consultation Paper No. 2/2004, 8 January 2004, p. 7,
http://www.trai.gov.in/trai/upload/ConsultationPapers/29/mobile%20theft%20rev.1.pdf
(accessed 7 June 2012).
51.
‘Four Arrested for “Changing” Cellphone IMEI Numbers’,
Indian Express
, 31 May 2012,
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/four-arrested-forchanging-cellphone-imei-numbers/956021/
(accessed 8 June 2012). Section 66c of Information Technology Act of 2008 made identity theft punishable by up to three years’ imprisonment.
52.
Fonearena
, 24 December 2008,
http://www.fonearena.com/blog/2262/change-or-be-gone-more-time-for-korean-handsets.html
(accessed 12 June 2012).
53.
Lourdes M. Portus, ‘How the Urban Poor Acquire and Give Meaning to the Mobile Phone’, in James E. Katz (ed.),
Handbook of Mobile Communication Studies
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2008), p. 117, writes of the Philippines that ‘urban poor informants became victims of these robberies despite their owning old or obsolete mobile phone models’.
54.
Ananth Majumdar, ‘Mobile Phone Theft—Modus Operandi & Indian Police Stations’,
My World
, 14 June 2009,
http://ananthsreflections.blogspot.sg/2009/
06/mobile-phone-theft-modus-operandi.html
(accessed 7 June 2012).
55.
Hindustan Times
, 21 October 2011,
http://www.hindustantimes.com/India-news/NewDelhi/Mobile-phone-theft-up-by-15-this-year-Police/Article1–759743.aspx
(accessed 8 June 2012).
56.
‘29.9 M People in India Are Cyber Crime Victims: Norton’,
Computer Resellers Network
, 9 September 2011,
http://www.crn.in/Security-009Sep011-29-M-People-In-India-Are-Cyber-Crime-Victims-Norton.aspx
(accessed 8 June 2012).
57.
http://www.madhepuratimes.com/2012/04/blog-post_7255.html
(accessed 4 June 2012). Translation by A. Doron. The story originated with the ‘SamidhaGroup’, which described itself as ‘an IT awareness centre for rural Bihar’.
58.
Indian Express
, 20 March 2012,
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012–01–10/india/30611486_1_question-paper-mbbs-mobile-phones
(accessed 8 June 2012).
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012–01–10/india/30611486_1_question-paper-mbbs-mobile-phones
59.
Times of India
, 10 January 2012,
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012–01–10/india/30611486_1_question-paper-mbbs-mobile-phones
(accessed 8 June 2012).
60.
Rich Ling and Jonathan Donner,
Mobile Communication
(Cambridge: Polity, 2009), p. 209.
61.
Ling and Donner,
Mobile Communication
, p. 126.
62.
Times of India
, 12 July 2011,
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011–07–12/lucknow/29764246_1_unnao-extra-marital-affair-sohramau
(accessed 7 December 2011).
63.
Times of India
, 3 June 2011,
http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011–06–03/patna/29616827_1_warisaliganj-nawada-boyfriend
(accessed 5 April 2012).
64.
Ahmedabad Mirror
, 12 October 2011,
http://www.ahmedabadmirror.com/article/48/20111012201110121917246088101771f/CBI-sensation-Burnt-Nashik-officer-was-in-cahoots-with-his-killer.html
(accessed 15 December 2011).
NDTV
, 27 January 2011,
http://www.ndtv.com/article/india/sonawanes-killing-top-officers-on-strike-in-maharashtra-81740
(accessed 30 January 2011).
65.
Ranjani Mazumdar, ‘Terrorism, Conspiracy, and
Surveillance in Bombay’s Urban Cinema’,
Social Research
, vol. 78, no. 1 (2011), p. 166.
66.
One estimate claimed US $34 billion was invested by Indian telecom companies in 2009–10 alone.
International Herald Tribune
, 17–18 July 2010, p. 9, quoting COAI sources.
67.
Outlook
, 29 November 2010, pp. 32–49.
68.
He was released on bail in May 2012 after 15 months as an undertrial prisoner.
69.
Siddharth Varadarajan, ‘Welcome to the Matrix of the Indian State’,
Hindu
, 29 November 2010,
www.thehindu.com/opinion/columns/siddharthvaradarajan/article920054/ece?service=mobile
(accessed 29 November 2010).
70.
Hindu
(Thiruvananthapuram), 23 November 2010, p. 10.
71.
Indian Express
, 15 August 2011,
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/deadline-over-only-2-agencies-report-tapping-equipment/832052/
(accessed 11 June 2012).
72.
Rudyard Kipling, ‘A Code of Morals’,
http://www.poetryloverspage.com/poets/kipling/code_of_morals.html
(accessed 11 June 2012).
73.
Qiu,
Working-Class Network Society
, p. 188.
74.
Morozov,
Net Delusion
, p. 5.
75.
Rainie and
Wellman,
Networked
, pp. 294–6.
76.
Indian Express
, 2 May 2010,
http://www.indianexpress.com/news/
phonetapping-govt-looks-at-safeguards/613956/
(accessed 11 June 2012).
77.
http://www.clear-trail.com/
and
http://www.shoghicom.com/companyoverview.html
(accessed 11 June 2012).
78.
Praveen Swami, ‘The government’s listening to us’,
Hindu
, 1 December 2011,
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/
article2678501.ece
(accessed 11 June 2012).
79.
Praveen Swami, ‘The government’s listening to us’,
Hindu
, 1 December 2011,
http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/
article2678501.ece
(accessed 11 June 2012).
80.
Wikipedia (2011), ‘Yahya Ayyash’,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Yahya_Ayyashhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Yahya_Ayyash
(accessed 6 December 2011).
81.
Wikipedia (2011) ‘2004 Madrid Bombings’,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004_Madrid_
train_bombings#cite_note_70
(accessed 6 December 2011).
82.
Manuel Castells, Mireia Fernandez-Ardevol, Jack Qui, and Araba Sey,
The Mobile Communication Society: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Available Evidence on the Social Uses of Wireless Communication Technology
(Los Angeles: University of Southern California, 2004), pp. 217–220.
http://hack.tion.free.fr/textes/
MobileCommunicationSociety.pdf
(accessed 5 April 2012)
83.
There are many accounts on this episode, including a well-referenced version at
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kargil_War
(accessed 12 June 2012). B. Raman, a hawkish Indian analyst, digests the Indian view in ‘Release of Kargil tape: Masterpiece or blunder?’,
Rediff India Abroad
, 27 June 2007,
http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jun/
27raman.htm
(accessed 11 June 2012). Pakistani forces retreated across the Line of Control by the end July. In October 1999, Musharraf overthrew the government and ran Pakistan as a military dictatorship until August 2008.
84.
Frontline
, 6 December 2002,
http://www.frontlineonnet.com/fl1924/stories/20021206003404700.htm
(accessed 15 June 2012).