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4

Toward a Phenomenology

of Mindfulness: Subjective

Experience and Emotional

Correlates

Kirk Warren Brown and Shari Cordon

Natural objects . . . must be experienced before any theorizing about

them can occur.

Husserl E. (1981)

Since its introduction to the behavioral science research community 25 years

ago, interest in mindfulness has burgeoned. Much of that interest has

been among clinical researchers testing the efficacy of mindfulness-based or

mindfulness-integrated interventions for a variety of conditions and popula-

tions, and this volume is testament to the vitality of investigation and diver-

sity of applied knowledge that now exist in the field. In the last 5 years or so,

researchers have also become interested in describing and operationalizing

the mindfulness construct itself. This more recent line of work is important

for four reasons: The first concerns the basic scientific principle that a phe-

nomenon can be studied only if it can be properly defined and measured.

Second, investigation of mindfulness creates opportunities to investigate the

specific
role of this quality in subjective experience and behavior through

methodologies derived from basic science that can complement applied,

intervention research. Third and relatedly, it is assumed that the efficacy

of mindfulness interventions is due, in large part, to the enhancement of

mindful capacities through training; but only with clear definitions and oper-

ationalizations of mindfulness can this claim be tested. Fourth, and more

fundamentally, the study of mindfulness can help to widen the window into

the study of human consciousness and its modes of processing experience.

In this way, the study of mindfulness can help to inform about the nature

of consciousness, its fundamental role in human functioning, and how its

processes can be refined to enhance that functioning.

This chapter has two primary, related aims designed to highlight the value

of research on mindfulness itself. First, we attempt to situate mindfulness

within a long-standing scholarly discussion of conscious processing to better

Portions of this chapter were drawn from Brown, Ryan, and Creswell (2007).

59

60

Kirk Warren Brown and Shari Cordon

understand the nature of the phenomenon. This effort is important, we