Constantinople: The Last Great Siege, 1453 (53 page)

Edirne
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,
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,
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,
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,
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,
8

Ottomans take (1362)
9

birth of Mehmet II (1432)
1

Mehmet’s early childhood
1

Mehmet recalled from governing Amasya
1

large proportion burnt down (1444)
1

Mehmet’s return after his father’s death
1

Mehmet settles into the royal palace (1451)
1

test firing of Orban’s gun
1

Mehmet sets off on campaign (23 March 1753)
1

trade with Venetians
1

slave market
1

Halil Pasha hanged
1

see also
Adrianople

Edward III, King
1

Egypt
1
,
2
,
3
,
4

Eleutherii
1

Elizabeth I, Queen
1

ul-Ensari, Ebu Seybet
1

ul-Ensari, Hamd
1

Epibatos
1
,
2

Epiphanios
1

Erzurum, Anatolia
1

escalade
1

Eugenius gate
1

Eugenius IV, Pope
1

Euphrates River
1

Europe: divided from Asia by the Bosphorus
1
,
2

Fatih district, Istanbul
1
,
2

Fifth Military Gate, Constantinople
1
,
2

Filelfo, Francesco
1

Filomati
1

Firuz Bey
1

Flanders, Count of
1

food supplies
1
,
2
,
3

Forum of Constantine, Constantinople
1

Forum of the Bull, Constantinople
1

Forum of the Ox, Constantinople
1

Forum of Theodosius, Constantinople
1

Francisco of Toledo, Don
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3
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4

Franks
1
,
2
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3
,
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fratricide law
1
,
2

Frederick I Barbarossa, Emperor
1

Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor
1
,
2

Froissart, Jean
1

Fulcher of Chartres
1

fustae
(raiding galleys)
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,
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,
8

gads
1

Galata
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3
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,
6

a fortified Genoese town
7

wealth of
1
,
2

guarantee of peace with Mehmet
1
,
2

Genoese troubled by threat to their colony
1

and the boom
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,
2
,
3
,
4

permanent lookouts on the town walls
1
,
2

trades profitably with both city and besiegers
1
,
2

overt neutrality compromised
1

Turks bombard ships at the boom from behind Galata
1

indirectly threatened
1

warning to chief magistrates
1

Galata, Podesta of (Angelo Lomellino)
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,
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,
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Galata Hill
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Galata Tower
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,
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galleys

Venetian transport
1
,
2

war
1
,
2
,
3
,
4

raiding (
fustae
)
1
,
2

great
1

narrow
1

ordered by Pope from Venice
1
,
2

long
1
,
2

light
1

Gallipoli
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,
2
,
3
,
4

earthquake (1354)
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,
6

Ottoman fleet based at
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,
2
,
3

fleet destroyed by Venetians (1416)
1

shipbuilding
1

fleet assembled
1

Ganga, Anatolia
1

Gataloxa
1

Gate of Charisius (Cemetery Gate; later Edirne gate), Constantinople
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,
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Gate of the Military Boot Makers,

Constantinople
1

Gate of the Silver Lake, Constantinople
1

Gate of the Spring, Constantinople
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,
2
,
3

Gates of Gibraltar
1
,
2

gazis
(warriors of the Faith)
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,
2
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3
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,
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,
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,
9

Gebze
1

Genghis Khan
1

Gennadios (George Scholarios)
1

anti-unionist clergy
2

public harangue against union
1

belief in imminent end of the world
1

manifesto
1

spiritual father of Orthodoxy
1

self-imposed isolation
1
,
2

on the dying Byzantium
1

captured
1

rescued from slavery
1

restored as patriarch of the Orthodox community
1

Genoa
1
,
2
,
3
,
4
,
5

Genoese
1
,
2

colony at Galata
3
,
4
,
5
,
6
,
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,
8

rivalry with Venetians
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,
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,
3
,
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,
5

fails to send promised aid
1

and the boom
1
,
2

soldiers
1
,
2

Pope sends merchantmen to the city
1

confronted by Ottomans
1
,
2
,
3

praised by Constantine
1

and Giustiniani’s wounding
1
,
2

George, Brother
1
,
2
,
3

Georgevich, Bartholomew:
Miseries and

Tribulations of the Christians held in Tribute

and Slavery by the Turk
1

Georgia, King of
1

Gepids
1

Gibbon, Edward
1

Gilles, Pierre
1
,
2
,
3

Giustiniani, Nicholas
1

Giustiniani family
1

Giustiniani Longo, Giovanni
1

brings 700 men to defend Constantinople
2

expert in wall fighting
1
,
2

repair of walls
1
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councils of war
1
,
2

decision to defend the outer wall
1

start of the siege
1

skirmishes for the ditch
1

stoutly marshals defenders
1

a strategist of genius
1

Genoese
1

and operation to burn Ottoman fleet
1

and Notaras
1
,
2
,
3

offers his galleys for Constantine’s escape
1

saved from death
1

helps to force Ottoman cavalry back
1

the hero of the siege
1
,
2

wounded
1

in charge of central section
1

success of his stockade
1

Italians fight under his command
1

severe injury
1

carried away from battle
1
,
2

learns that defence has crumbled
1

escapes
1

death and epitaph
1

Golden Gate, Constantinople
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,
6

Golden Horn
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9

a sheltered deep-water inlet
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an excellent anchorage for the imperial fleet
1

the boom
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guarded by Genoese and Venetian sailors
1

Genoese merchantmen attacked by Ottoman fleet
1

sea wall barely guarded
1

no longer a sanctuary against attack
1