N
National Association of EMS Physicians (NAEMSP), Air Medical Taskforce,
229–230
National Association of Health Authorities and Trusts (NAHAT) (UK),
17
National Association for the Welfare of Children in Hospital,
52–53
National Confidential Enquiry into Patient Outcome and Death (NCEPOD),
18
,
298–299
,
301–302
Report of a confidential enquiry into perioperative deaths
,
298
National Day Surgery Programme,
41
,
42–43
Central R&D Committee,
17
,
17b
Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED),
5
Institute for Innovation and Improvement,
50
Management Executive’s value-for-money unit,
42
NHS Evidence (internet),
4
Quality Improvement Scotland,
12
Research and Development (R&D) Programme,
1
National Healthcare system, day surgery,
50
National Institute of Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE),
2
,
4
,
12
,
280
,
338
Clinical Guideline 92 - venous thromboembolism (VTE),
274b
Diagnostic Assessment Programme (DAP),
12
Interventional Procedures Programme (IPP),
5
Medical Technologies Evaluation Programme (MTEP),
12
Medical Technology Guidance 3,
304
National Institute for Health Research (NIHR),
5
Health Technology Assessment programme (HTA),
5
National Library of Medicine (USA),
4
National Service Frameworks,
2
Natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES),
53
Neck procedures, head and,
51
Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC),
222–223
Necrotising infection,
208
Neonatal period, surgical emergencies,
215–224
Neutropenic enterocolitis (typhlitis),
193
,
193f
Nissen’s double-layer closure technique,
104
Nitrogen
Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV),
300–301
Non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP),
84–86
North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial,
3
Nottingham Health Profile (NHP),
28
Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,
2
Numerical indication of risk,
288
Nutrients
O
Oesophageal injury scale,
259t
oesophageal exclusion/diversion,
109
Omental repair technique,
102
‘On the balance of probabilities’, defined,
15
Onlay technique, mesh repair,
74
OPCS (classification of interventions and procedures) code,
42–43
O-POSSUM (oesophagogastric),
289
Opportunity cost, concept,
32
Opsite® sandwich technique,
240
Organ injury scaling systems,
240
Outcome, in healthcare delivery,
18
health-related quality of life,
27–28
patient-reported (PROMs),
26
quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs),
28–30
P
PACE (Promoting Action on Clinical Effectiveness),
17
Paediatric Appendicitis Score,
225
,
225t
Paediatric surgical emergencies,
215–228
hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS),
224
,
224f
Pancreas injury
Pancreatic abscess, defined,
142b
Pancreatic necrosis, defined,
142b
Pancreaticobiliary emergencies,
132–157
acute acalculous cholecystitis (ACC),
139–140
Parenteral nutritional (PN) support,
317–319
delivery/administration,
319
Pathological Society of London,
194
Patient Assessment Questionnaires (ePAQ),
26
Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs),
26
cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2)-specific inhibitor,
103
laparoscopic vs open repair,
104
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS),
102–103
Peptic Ulcer Perforation (PULP) score,
101
Peptic ulcers, bleeding
single vs combined methods,
124
pharmacological management,
125
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography (PTC),
141–142
inflammatory bowel disease (IBD),
208
necrotising infection,
208
Perioperative/intensive care management,
298–306
high-risk patients, defined,
299
,
299b
outcomes, strategies for improvement,
300–302
postoperative complications,
300
splanchnic circulation,
300
Peripheral vascular organ injury scale,
267t
Peripheral venous access,
318
Phlegmasia caerulea dolens,
275
Physical fitness classification,
45b
,
46t
Physiological function, assessment,
314
PICO (population, intervention, comparison, outcome), for questioning,
3
PLIP (Purchaser Led Implementation Projects),
17
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) mesh,
58
,
59f
POSSUM (Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity),
288
,
288b
O-POSSUM (oesophagogastric),
289
RAAA-POSSUM (ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms),
289–290
Postoperative complications
Probabilistic sensitivity analysis (PSA),
36–37
Process, in healthcare delivery,
18
C deficiency, inherited,
270
Prothrombin gene mutation,
270
Proton-pump inhibitors,
340
Puerperium, venous thromboembolism (VTE),
272
Pulmonary embolism (PE),
276
clinical presentation,
276
computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA),
277
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),
277
ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scanning,
277