Decoding the IRA (52 page)

117
O'Connor,
Reds and the Green
, p. 105.

118
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, pp. 99–101.

119
Ibid
., pp. 97–8.

120
In 1935 O'Donoghue married the very capable Cumann na mBan activist Sighle
Humphreys; Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 195; D to DI, [1]6 January 1927, in MTUCDA P69/41 (14).

121
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 104; Mulvihill, M.,
Charlotte Despard: A Biography
(Pandora Press, London, 1989), p. 143.

122
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 104.

123
Linklater, A.,
An Unhusbanded Life, Charlotte Despard: Suffragette, Socialist and Sinn Féiner
(Hutchinson, London, 1980), p. 226; Mulvihill,
Charlotte Despard
, p. 138.

124
William Butler Yeats,
He Wishes for the Cloths of Heaven.

125
Tom Heavey in MacEoin,
Survivors
, p. 454.

126
CS to OC Cork 1, 15 February 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (281–2).

127
Mulvihill,
Charlotte Despard
, pp. 4–5, 9, 51, 130.

128
Ibid
., p. 116; website:
www.Spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk,
reviewed 28 April 2006.

129
Mulvihill,
Charlotte Despard
, p. 38; Linklater,
An Unhusbanded Life
, p. 224.

130
Linklater,
An Unhusbanded Life
, p. 227.

131
Ibid
.

132
Ibid
., pp. 227, 234.

133
Unsigned to Mr Jones, 14 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (161–2).

134
Linklater,
An Unhusbanded Life
, p. 230; Mulvihill,
Charlotte Despard
, pp. 154–5.

135
Mulvihill,
Charlotte Despard
, p. 150; Linklater,
An Unhusbanded Life
, p. 234.

136
Mulvihill,
Charlotte Despard
, pp. 179, 183, 192.

137
HS to CS or CAC, 9 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/47 (24).

138
Name spelled ‘O'Sdea'. HS to CS, 26 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (11, 14).

139
HS to ‘Dear Sir', 27 December 1927, in MTUCDA P69/150 (5); HS to MD, 5 January 1924 [1928], in MTUCDA P69/150 (3).

140
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, pp. 71–4.

141
Ibid
, p. 74; MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 37.

142
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, pp. 71–4.

143
CS to DI, 14 May 192[6], in MTUCDA P69/12 (59).

144
English,
Radicals and the Republic
, p. 67.

145
Notes for constitution proposed for revolutionary organisation by C. 17 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (315–16).

146
An Timthire to Mr Smith, 20 April 1927 in MTUCDA P69/183 (48–51); CS to ‘A Chara', 6 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (63).

147
Brigade adjutant to CS, 27 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (38).

148
The archbishop of Tuam in 1930; letter from Tuam Sinn Féin cumann in 1924; Paseta, S., ‘Censorship and its Critics in the Irish Free State 1922–1932',
Past & Present
, 181 (November 2003), pp. 193–218.

149
Paseta, ‘Censorship and its Critics', pp. 193–218.

150
Moss Twomey was under arrest at the time and therefore was unlikely to have been the author of the letter, who was probably the adjutant general; CS to OC Dublin brigade, 21 November 1923 [1926], in MTUCDA P69/41 (249).

151
CS to OC Limerick, 3 March 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (263); CS to OC Dublin brigade, 3 March 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (267); CS to OC Waterford battn, 3 March 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (269); CS to OC Cork 1 brigade, 3 March 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (176).

152
Irish Times
, 14 March 1927.

153
Irish World
, 19 March 1927 and 2 April 1927.

154
This letter is signed ‘CG' and, given that Charles Gilmore was a senior and militant member of the South Dublin battalion, I've made the presumption that he was the
author; CG to CS, 28 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (79).

155
S Capt. for CS to OC South Dublin battn. 30 March 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (80).

156
Irish Times
, 21 March 1927.

157
CS to OC Dublin brigade, 5 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (169).

158
Irish Times
, 21 March 1927.

159
Ibid
., 16 and 21 March 1927.

160
Ibid
., 16 March 1927.

161
Paseta, ‘Censorship and its Critics', pp. 193–218.

162
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 122.

163
New York Times
, 18 March 1929 and an undated paragraph discussing the film, by Hal Erickson, Reviewed on the
New York Times
website, Movies section, 2 April 2008.

164
CS to OC Dublin brigade, 26 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (291).

165
CS to OC Tipperary brigade, 18 March 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (224); CS to OC Cork 1 brigade, 18 March 1924 [1927] in MTUCDA P69/48 (223).

166
OC Dublin 1 brigade to the proprietor of the Corinthian cinema, 1 March 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (275).

167
Irish Times
, 12 March 1927.

168
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 74.

169
Kramer, A,
Dynamic of Destruction
(Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007), p. 76.

170
CS to OC. Britain, 16 April 1926, in MTUCDA P69/44 (182).

171
OC. Britain to CS, 24 April 1926, in MTUCDA P69/44 (80).

172
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 153; Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, pp. 74, 234; Hanley reports that the gardaí believed in 1929 that the IRA planned to bomb Elverys.

173
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 71.

174
Ibid
., p. 73.

175
Ibid
., pp. 72–3, 233.

176
Unsigned to HS, 3 October 1927, in MTUCDA P69/150 (25).

177
QMG to CS, 4 May 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/48 (47).

178
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, pp. 154–5.

179
Coogan T. P.,
The IRA: A History
(Roberts Rinehart Publishers, Niwot, Colorado, 1993), p. 36.

180
CS to OC Dublin brigade, 6 May 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (48).

181
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, pp. 75–6, 234.

182
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 840.

183
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, pp. 75–6.
Irish World
, 25 September 1926;
An
Phoblacht
, 5 November 1926.

184
Agreement was made with ‘D'; as already discussed, this most probably was Peadar O'Donnell. While ‘D' in the Army Council minutes appears to be O'Donnell, the ‘D' in the second document was Donal O'Donoghue who was still in jail; minutes of Army Council meeting, 27 January 1927, in MTUCDA P69/181 (3); CS to D [Donal O'Donoghue in prison], 28 January 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/41 (9).

185
CS to D [Donal O'Donoghue in prison], 28 January 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/41 (9).

186
CS to D, 28 January 1924 [1927], in MTUCDA P69/41 (9).

187
Andrews,
Dublin Made Me
, p. 307.

188
Ibid
. p. 225.

189
Doorley M.
Irish-America Diaspora Nationalism: The Friends of Irish Freedom, 1916– 1935
(Four Courts Press, Dublin, 2005), p. 133.

190
Briscoe R.
For the Life of Me
(Little Brown and Company, Boston, 1958), p. 224.

191
English,
Radicals and the Republic
, p. 100; Regan,
The Irish-Counter Revolution
, p. 148.

192
Ó Drisceoil,
Peadar O'Donnell
, p. 43; Coogan,
The IRA
, p. 40.

193
Coogan,
The IRA
, p. 40.

194
Ibid
.

195
Ibid
.

196
English,
Radicals and the Republic
, pp. 12, 96, 98.

197
Ibid
, p. 10. Notes for constitution for revolutionary organisation, 17 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (117); notes for constitution proposed for revolutionary organisation by ‘C', 17 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (315–16).

198
This may be a reference to a prisoner by the name of James Kavanagh; DI to Jack Jones, 21 December 1927, in MTUCDA P69/197 (54).

199
Notes of statement by CS, 9 April 1927, in MTUCDA P69/48 (154–5); Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, pp. 207, 209.

200
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 113.

201
Patterson, H.,
The Politics of Illusion: A Political History of the IRA
(Serif, London, 1997), p. 37.

202
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 115.

203
Lawlor,
Seán MacBride, That Day's Struggle
, p. 124.

204
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 856.

205
Ibid
., p. 842.

206
IO Number 2 Area to DI, 6 November 1927, in MTUCDA P69/196 (2).

207
English,
Radicals and the Republic
, p. 102; MacEoin,
Survivors
, p. 32.

208
MacEoin,
Survivors
, p. 568.

209
Chairman of Army Council to An Timthire, 24 February 1927, in MTUCDA P69/183 (106–7).

210
Máire Comerford in MacEoin,
Survivors
, p. 53.

211
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 93.

212
New York Times
, 1 May 1926 and 22 June 1926; CS to A. adjt. Cork 1, 3 May 1926, in MTUCDA P69/44 (87–8); MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 128; it can be deduced that Seán MacSwiney was the assistant adjutant of Cork 1 brigade from the following two documents: S MacS to CS, 23 April 1926, in MTUCDA P69/44 (96–100) and CS to OC Cork 1, 28 April 1926, in MTUCDA P69/44 (93-94);
Irish Times
, 27 and 28 April, 1 May and 22 June 1926.

213
Bowyer Bell,
The Secret Army
, p. 57.

214
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 840.

215
An Phoblacht
, 5 November 1926;
Irish Times
, 3 November 1926.

216
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 840.

217
DI to MP [Mick Price], 17 December 192,6 in MTUCDA P69/193 (55).

218
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 129; Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 79.

219
Bowyer Bell,
The Secret Army
, p. 58.

220
Unsigned to ‘A Chara Dhil [Dear Friend]', 25 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/ 47 (52); though unsigned this letter is from Cooney as the author states that he was going to travel to London to meet with the Soviet agent ‘James', and Cooney was
the person who in fact made this trip. The recipient is uncertain, though it may have been Seán Russell.

221
Unsigned to ‘A Chara Dhil [Dear Friend]', 25 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69 /47 (52).

222
‘J' to CS, 18 November 1923 [1926], in MTUCDA P69/41 (251–2).

223
CS to S Officer Offaly brigade, 23 November 1923 [1926], in MTUCDA P69/41 (250).

224
CS to OC Tipp. brigade, 4 December 1923 [1926], in MTUCDA P69/47 (40); this letter may have been written by Cooney standing in for Twomey; alternatively the adjutant general could have also been temporarily appointed chief of staff.

225
Hanley,
The IRA, 1926–1936
, p. 79.
New York Times
, 22 November 1926.
Irish Times
, 18 December 1926.

226
New York Times
, 22 November 1926.

227
Unsigned to ‘A Chara Dhil [Dear Friend]', 25 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69 /47 (52).

228
MacEoin,
The IRA in the Twilight Years
, p. 129;
New York Times
, 22 November 1926.

229
Unsigned to Jones, 7 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (163-164); unsigned to ‘A Chara Dhil [Dear Friend]', 25 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/47 (52).

230
Unsigned to An Timthire, 25 November 1923 [1926], in MTUCDA P69/183 (171).

231
In MTUCDA P69/196 (41–3).

232
Unsigned to ‘A Chara Dhil [Dear Friend]', 25 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/47 (52).

233
Cork Examiner
, 29 November and 5 December 1926; in MTUCDA P69/196 (41–3).

234
Acting secretary executive to M. Murphy, 8 December [1926], in MTUCDA P69/48 (318).

235
Unsigned to An Timthire, 25 November 1923 [1926], in MTUCDA P69/183 (171).

236
Ibid
.

237
Unsigned to Mr Jones, 7 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (163–4).

238
Unsigned to Mr Browne, 26 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (156); date on the document is incorrectly given as 26 November 1926 but this is corrected elsewhere.

239
Unaddressed from An Timthire, 21 December 1926, in MTUCDA P69/183 (159–60).

240
Ibid
.

241
HS to CS or chairman, 17 November 1926 in MTUCDA P69/41 (27), unsigned to ‘A Chara Dhil [Dear Friend]', 25 November 1926, in MTUCDA P69/47 (52).