Distant Voices (76 page)

167
Ibid., April 18, 1993.

168
Ibid., September 13, 1993.

169
The
Far Eastern Economic Review,
September 30, 1993.

170
The
Sydney Morning Herald,
September 17, 1993.

171
Ibid., October 29, 1993.

172
Keating's remarks cited by the
Sun-Herald,
February 13, 1994. In 1990 Gareth Evans told Kraisak Choonhaven, senior foreign policy adviser to (and son of) the Thai prime minister, that it was my 1989 film,
Cambodia Year Ten
, that had, according to Kraisak, ‘undoubtedly put the issue of Cambodia back on the international agenda and regenerated Australia's part in the peace process'.

173
The
Age
, February 21, 1994.

174
The
West Australian
, April 6, 1994.

175
The
Age
, February 22, 1994.

176
Ibid.

177
The
Australian
, February 14, 1994.

178
Ibid., February 18 and 19, 1994.

179
Ibid., February 26, 1994.

180
Fax from Paul Kelly, March 15, 1994.

181
The
Age
, March 17, 1994.

182
George Aditjondro,
From Memo to Tutuala
; and
In the Shadow of Mount Ramelau
, Satya Wacana Christian University, Central Java, 1994. Also, interview with the author, March 31, 1994.

183
The
Australian
, March 18, 1994.

184
Amnesty International, ‘Indonesia/East Timor, the suppression of dissent', July 1992, AI Index: ASA 21/09/92.

185
The
Sydney Morning Herald,
May 28, 1993.

186
The list appeared in
Info Bisnis Monthly,
cited by
Australian Associated Press
and
Reuter,
November 10, 1993.

187
The
New Internationalist,
March 1994.

VII TRIBUTES

1
Jeremy Bentham,
Panoptican Versus New South Wales
, p. 7, cited in Robert Hughes,
The Fatal Shore
, Collins Harvill, London, 1987, p. 2.

2
I began this tribute in
Heroes
.

3
Noam Chomsky,
The Chomsky Reader
, edited by James Peck, Serpent's Tail, London, 1987.

4
Noam Chomsky,
The Backroom Boys
, Fontana, London, 1973.

5
This quotation is from an interview similar to that in
Language and Politics
, Black Rose Books, Montreal, 1989, p. 700. (Having mislaid my original Chomsky sources, I am indebted to Carlos Otero for this Note, and the following.)

6
Chomsky,
The Culture of Terrorism
, Pluto Press, London, 1988.

7
Chomsky's extended sense of Isaiah Berlin's term ‘secular priesthood' is developed in his major essay, ‘Intellectuals and the State', reprinted in
Towards a New Cold War
, Sinclair Brown, London, 1982.

8
Chomsky,
The Culture of Terrorism
, p. 24; also
Language and Politics
, p. 693.

9
Radical Philosophy
, no. 53, Autumn 1989, pp. 31–40.

10
Cited in
The Late Show
, BBC television, December 1992.

11
Ibid.

12
Norman Mailer,
The Armies of the Night
, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, 1968.

13
Lies of Our Times
, September 1991.

14
Jim Garrison,
On the Trail of the Assassins
, Sheridan Square Press, New York, 1988.

15
The
Chicago Tribune
, May 14, 1991.

16
Indo-China Project Press Digest
, January 1992.

17
Newsday
, January 7, 1992.

18
The
Washington Post
, January 24, 1992.

19
Ibid., May 19, 1991.

20
Lies of Our Times
, September 1991.

21
Cited in
Socialist
, January 29–February 11, 1992.

22
The
Washington Post
, January 24, 1992.

23
Cited in
Socialist
, January 29–February 11, 1992.

24
See
Heroes
, pp. 187–8.

25
Lies of Our Times
, September 1991.

26
Behind the Headlines
, BBC Television, January 1992.

27
Lies of Our Times
, September 1991.

28
The
Guardian
, September 17, 1991.

29
The Truth Game
, Central Television, 1983; also sourced by Christic Institute, Washington.

30
The
Guardian
, September 21, 1991.

31
The
Evening Standard
, March 15, 1990.

32
The
Independent
, August 6, 1989.

33
The
Evening Standard
, March 15, 1990.

34
The
Sun
, March 16, 1990.

35
See ‘Salesman Hurd' and elsewhere in ‘Mythmakers of the Gulf War'.

36
The
Daily Mail
, March 17, 1990.

37
Today
, March 17, 1990.

38
Ibid., March 19, 1990.

39
The
News of the World
, March 18, 1990.

40
The
Sunday Telegraph
, March 18, 1990.

41
The
Guardian
, March 20, 1990.

42
Tribune
, April 6, 1984.

43
The
Observer
, June 24, 1990.

44
The
Observer
, September 10 & 15, October 15, 1989.

45
Ibid., May 6 & 13, 1990; April 7 & August 4, 1991.

46
Ibid., July 14, 1991.

VIII ON THE ROAD

1
The
St Petersburg Times
, August 1, 1991.

2
The
New York Times
, August 1, 1991.

3
The
St Petersburg Times
, August 1, 1991.

4
The
Washington Post
, November 12, 1993.

5
Ibid.

6
The
New York Times
, November 9, 1993.

7
Vietnam Development Bank circular, 1993.

IX CAMBODIA

1
I have taken the body of this opening account from the ‘Year Zero' chapter of
Heroes
, Jonathan Cape, London, 1986; Pan Books, London, 1987 and 1989.

2
Cited by Denis Bloodworth, ‘The man who brought death',
Observer
magazine, January 20, 1980.

3
Vietnam: A Television History
, Programme 9, ‘The secret war: Laos and Cambodia', Central Television, 1983.

4
Efforts of Khmer Insurgents to Exploit for Propaganda Purposes Damage Done by Airstrikes in Kandal Province
, Intelligence Information Cable, May 2, 1973, declassified by the CIA on February 19, 1987.

5
Ben Kiernan, the
Sydney Morning Herald
, January 6, 1989.

6
Roger Normand,
The Nation
, August 27, 1990.

7
Ben Kiernan,
The Cambodian Genocide: Issues and Responses
, Yale paper, 1990, p. 1.

8
Khieu Samphan was interviewed by David Hawk,
Index on Censorship
, January 1986.

9
As told to the author.

10
Elizabeth Becker,
When the War Was Over
, Simon and Schuster, New York, 1986, p. 440.

11
Letters from Jonathan Winer to Larry Chartienes, Vietnam Veterans of America, citing Congressional Research Service, October 22, 1986. Letter from Winer to Noam Chomsky, June 16, 1987. Telephone communication with the author, August 1989.

12
Linda Mason and Roger Brown,
Rice, Rivalry and Politics: Managing Cambodian Relief
, University of Notre Dame Press, Indiana, 1983, pp. 135, 159.

13
William Shawcross,
The Quality of Mercy: Cambodia, Holocaust and Modern Conscience
, Andre Deutsch, London, 1984, pp. 289, 345, 395.

14
William Shawcross,
Sideshow: Nixon, Kissinger and the Destruction of Cambodia
, Andre Deutsch, London, 1979.

15
The colonel's role was ‘made plain' at a meeting with staff members of the US Senate Intelligence Committee on February 10, 1990, according to John Pedler, who was at the meeting.

16
Inside Asia
, February and June 1985.

17
The
New York Times
, May 14, 1989.

18
Cambodia: The Betrayal
, Central Television, 1990.

19
The
San Francisco Examiner
, August 12 and 15, 1990.

20
The
Sunday Telegraph
, September 24, 1989.

21
Jane's Defence Weekly
, September 30, 1989.

22
Cambodia Year Ten
, Central Television, 1989.

23
Blue Peter
, BBC Television, December 19, 1988.

24
In 1990 Ranariddh said that, in a proposed attack on Siem Reap, ‘The Khmer Rouge will be the major attacking forces':
Associated Press
, October 11, 1990;
Indochina Digest
, October 6, 1990. His separate statement that Sihanoukists celebrated Khmer Rouge victories as their own was reported in the
Sunday Correspondent
, November 5, 1989.

25
Cambodia Year One
, Associated Television, 1980.

26
See report by Committee to Protect Journalists, New York, 1989, 1990, 1991; also
Index on Censorship
file. One recent example was the Thai regime's refusal to renew the resident's permit of Alan Boyd, an Australian correspondent of the
South China
Morning Post
and the
Australian
, following articles critical of the military government.

27
The
New York Times
, August 7, 1991.

28
The
Sydney Morning Herald
, October 20, 1990 and Ben Kiernan,
Cambodia's Missed Chance, Superpower Obstruction of a Viable Path to Peace, Indo-China newsletter
, Issue 72, November–December 1991, p. 5.

29
Hansard
, November 8, 1989.

30
‘Waldegrave makes tacit admission of SAS link to Khmer Rouge', the
Independent
, November 14, 1989.

31
Letter to John Bowis, MP, May 16, 1990.

32
Letter to Neil Kinnock, October 17, 1990.

33
Hansard
, October 26, 1990, p. 650. See also pp. 640, 641.

34
Colvin's comments, and name, were on a copy of Raoul Jennar's ‘A Dangerous Gamble: An analysis of the “Comprehensive political settlement” worked out by the Five Permanent Members of the UN Security Council to end the conflict in Cambodia', Document RMJ/9, December 11, 1990.

35
Ibid.

36
Letter from D. H. Colvin to D. Belfield, May 17, 1991 in which Colvin refers to ‘the need to include the Khmer Rouge in the peace process'.

37
As told to the author.

38
Tribute to Simon O'Dwyer-Russell, the
Sunday Telegraph
, December 16, 1991.

39
Letters from Noam Chomsky to the
Independent
, October 22 and November 23, 1990.

40
Private communication with the author.

41
Parliamentary questions for answers, October 18, 1990; note from Chris Mullin to the author, October 16, 1990.

42
The
Guardian
, October 16, 1991.

43
Cited by Penny Edwards, the
Guardian
, November 4, 1989.

44
Agence France Presse report from Geneva, August 30, 1990.

45
Ben Kiernan,
The Cambodian Genocide: Issues and Responses
, p. 28.

46
Ibid., p. 29.

47
On June 5, 1990,
The Times
reported Kissinger as saying, ‘I would not be surprised if ten years from now, China, even following its present course, will appear like a freer country than Russia and a more prosperous one.'

48
The
Sydney Morning Herald
, October 20 and December 6, 1990.
After the contents of the Evans briefing document were published in the
Sydney Morning Herald,
Senator Evans replied in a letter to the paper on December 10, 1990. ‘The truth is', he wrote, ‘that in a statement circulated [at Paris] on August 28, 1989, I described, as one of “five stumbling blocks . . . identified in the work of the Committees, and by the Co-presidents” the following: “whether it is appropriate or not to refer specifically to the non-return of genocidal practices of the past”. Other “stumbling blocks” I referred to were such matters as “the composition and powers of the transitional administration” and “whether it is appropriate to acknowledge or not the presence of Vietnamese or other settlers in Cambodia”. The point is simply that I was making a value-neutral assessment of where we were then at in the negotiating process, identifying controversial words and phrases and issues generally which remained to be addressed . . .'

49
The
Sydney Morning Herald
, October 20, 1990.

50
Australian Government,
Informal Meeting on Cambodia, Issues for Negotiations in a Comprehensive Settlement: Working Papers
, Jakarta, February 26–28, 1990.

51
Cambodia Year Ten Update
, Central Television, 1989.

52
Ben Kiernan,
Cambodia's Missed Chance
, p. 5.