Down with Big Brother (82 page)

69.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 85.

70.
Interview with inventor,
Komsomolskaya Pravda
, January 28, 1992, p. 2. (FBIS-SOV-92-019, p. 7.)

71.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 138; “During the Soviet coup, who held nuclear control?”
WP
, August 23, 1992, p. A1.

72.
“Physician Tells of Pre-Coup Events at Foros,”
Izvestia
, September 24, 1991 (FBIS-SOV-91-185).

73.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 9; Gorbachev press conference, Moscow, August 22, 1991.

74.
Gorbachev press conference; interview with Raisa Gorbachev,
Trud
, September 3, 1991; Gorbachev,
Zhizn’ i Reformi
, vol. 2, p. 558.

75.
Mikhail Gorbachev,
The August Coup
, p. 19.

76.
Boldin, p. 26.

77.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 13.

78.
Chernyayev diary,
Izvestia
, September 30, 1991.

79.
Gorbachev,
August Coup
, p. 21. Stepankov and Lisov, p. 14.

80.
Gorbachev,
August Coup
, p. 23.

81.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 15; extracts from prosecutor’s report,
Novaya Yezhednevnaya Gazeta
, August 6, 1993, p. 3; TV interview with Raisa Gorbachev, FBIS-SOV-91-194, p. 32.

82.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 89.

83.
Prosecutor’s report,
Novaya Yezhednevnaya Gazeta
, July 30, 1993, p. 3.

84.
Ibid.

85.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 90.

86.
Prosecutor’s report.

87.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 90.

88.
Yeltsin,
Struggle for Russia
, p. 54.

89.
Khasbulatov memoirs,
Rossiiskaya Gazeta
, August 19, 1992, pp. 1–3.

90.
Aleksandr Lebed,
Za Derzhavu Obidno
, p. 381.

91.
Yeltsin,
Struggle for Russia
, p. 58. Author was present at the maneuvers.

92.
Ibid., p. 58.

93.
Komsomolskaya Pravda
, August 19, 1992, p. 1.

94.
Yeltsin,
Struggle for Russia
, pp. 42 and 61.

95.
Yeltsin press conference, attended by author.

96.
Yeltsin,
Struggle for Russia
, p. 68.

97.
In presence of author.

98.
Chernyayev diary,
Izvestia
, September 30, 1991.

99.
Stepankov and Lisov, pp. 139–43.

100.
Chernyayev, p. 485; Chernyayev diary.

101.
Gorbachev,
Zhizn’ i Reformi
, vol. 2, p. 566.

102.
Gorbachev,
August Coup
, pp. 91–92.

103.
Yazov testimony,
Izvestia
, October 10, 1991, p. 7.

104.
Stepankov and Lisov, pp. 132–33.

105.
Ibid., p. 161.

106.
Lebed, pp. 383–411.

107.
Sergei Grigoriev,
Istina Momenta
, p. 190.

108.
Ibid., pp. 21–26.

109.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 175.

110.
WP
, August 21, 1991, p. 24.

111.
Grigoriev, pp. 49–50, 200.

112.
Yeltsin,
Struggle for Russia
, p. 86.

113.
Stepankov and Lisov, pp. 171–73.

114.
Interview with
Literaturnaya Gazeta, CDSP
, vol. XLIII, no. 37 (August 28, 1991), p. 20.

115.
Khasbulatov memoirs
Rossiiskaya Gazeta
, August 19, 1992.

116.
Grigoriev, p. 33.

117.
Yu. Kazarin and B. Yakovlev, eds.,
Smert’ Zagovora
, p. 110.

118.
Moscow
magazine (November–December 1991).

119.
Victoria Bonnell, ed.,
Russia at the Barricades
, p. 205.

120.
Interview with the prosecutor general, quoted in
Krasnoye ili Beloye?
, pp. 124–29. See also Kazarin and Yakovlev, pp. 94–97.

121.
Yeltsin,
Struggle for Russia
, pp. 92–93.

122.
Grachev interview,
Izvestia
, September 4, 1991. See also Grachev and Gromov testimony to prosecutors,
MN
, no. 29 (1994), p. 8; Stepankov and Lisov, pp. 174–76.

123.
Stepankov and Lisov, pp. 183–84.

124.
Interview with Raisa Gorbachev, quoted in
Krasnoye ili Beloye?
, pp. 141–42.

125.
Chernyayev diary.

126.
Quoted in Stuart H. Loory et al.,
Seven Days That Shook the World
, p. 148.

127.
Gorbachev press conference, August 22, 1991.

128.
Chernyayev interview, July 1993.

129.
Chernyayev diary.

130.
N. Gulbinskii and M. Shakina,
Afganistan, Kreml’, Lefortovo
, p. 135.

131.
Gorbachev press conference, August 22, 1991.

132.
Copy of document in author’s possession.

133.
CNN video film.

134.
Shakhnovsky interview, May 1992.

135.
Mishin interview, May 1992.

136.
Smirnov testimony to Russian Constitutional Court, July 29, 1992.

137.
MN
(September 1, 1991).

138.
CNN video.

139.
Interview with CC official, August 1991.

140.
Den’ (January 19, 1992), p. 1.

141.
Interview with Akhromeyev family, June 1992.

142.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 239.

143.
Sovietskaya Rossiya
, September 28, 1991
, P
. 6.

144.
Interview, June 1992.

145.
Stepankov and Lisov, p. 236.

EPILOGUE

1.
Vreme
(Belgrade, September 23, 1991), p. 7.

2.
Interview with
Vreme
military correspondent Miloš Vasi?, August 1994.

3.
Interview with SDS leader Radovan Karadžić, September 1991.

4.
Borisav Jovi?,
Posledni Dani SFRJ
, pp. 349. 386.

5.
Author’s notes. See Dobbs, “Bosnian Republic Resembles Tinderbox Waiting to Explode,”
WP
, September 24, 1991, p. A1.

6.
John Kifner, “With Little, Bosnians Sharpen Fighting Skills,”
NYT
, December 5, 1993. See also Tom Gjelten,
Sarajevo Daily
, pp. 75–76, and captured JNA documents published by State Commission for War Crimes in Bosnia-Herzegovina, Bulletins no. 3 and 4, March-April 1993.

7.
Interview, September 23, 1991.

8.
Oslobođenje
, Sarajevo, September 23, 1991, p. 3.

9.
Chuck Sudetic,
NYT
, November 21, 1991, p. A1.

10.
Dusan Stojanovic, AP dispatch, November 19, 1991.

11.
Blaine Harden, “Serbs Blamed for Mass Croatian Grave,”
WP
, January 26, 1993.

12.
Interview, Vinkovci, July 1993.

13.
UN Security Council Document, S/25274, February 10, 1993, p. 29.

14.
Harden.

15.
Don Oberdorfer, “Despite Accurate
Warning, U.S. Failed to Act on Balkans,”
WP
, July 2, 1993, p. A1.

16.
Interviews with former Secretary of State Lawrence Eagleburger and former National Security Adviser Brent Scowcroft, December 1995.

17.
Testimony to House Armed Services Committee, May 25, 1993, H201–11.

18.
Interview with former U.S. ambassador to Belgrade Warren Zimmermann, March 1995.

19.
Jovi?, p. 349.

20.
Interview with Scowcroft. See also Dobbs, “Bosnia Crystallizes U.S. Post-Cold War Role,”
WP
, December 3, 1995, p. A1.

21.
Interview, December 1995.

22.
Jovi?, pp. 395–96.

23.
Ibid., p. 295.

24.
“Ukraine seen going independent,”
WP
, December 2, 1991, p. A1.

25.
Andrei Grachev,
Kremlyovskaya Khronika
, p. 339.

26.
Yeltsin,
Struggle for Russia
, p. 112. See also Fred Hiatt and Margaret Shapiro, “Snubs Helped Seal Old Union’s Fate,”
WP
, December 14, 1991, p. A1.

27.
WP
interview with Kozyrev, December 1991, see Hiatt and Shapiro, ibid.

28.
Kozyrev interview. See also Grachev, P. 343.

29.
Grachev, p. 344.

30.
Ibid., p. 352.

31.
Yakovlev interview, July 1993.

32.
“Gorbachev: The Final Hours,” ABC
Prime time Live
, December 26, 1991; Grachev, p. 390.

33.
Grachev, p. 389.

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