Escape From Davao (67 page)

261
Early on the morning of June 26:
Letter from Fertig to General Hugh Casey, July 1, 1943, Individual Files, Wendel Fertig, MAC, RG 16, Box 11, Folder 24; Folder 1, 4; Boelens, “Diary,”

52; Ingham,
Rendezvous by Submarine
, 102–4; Dyess, EXPERIENCES, 17–18.

17. A STORY THAT SHOULD BE TOLD

PAGE

263
“Westward we came”:
Lee, “Under the Southern Cross,”
Nothing but Praise
, 31.

263
The raindrops pattered:
Letter from Ed Dyess to Sam Grashio, July 2, 1943, Dyess archives, Public Affairs, Dyess Air Force Base; Haggerty,
Guerrilla Padre
, 116.

264
Entering Fertig’s mobile headquarters:
John Keats,
They Fought Alone: A True Story of a
Modern American Hero
(Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1963), 242; Dyess, EXPERIENCES, 17–18; Ind,
Allied Intelligence Bureau
, 176.

265
Parsons’s plan:
Keats,
They Fought Alone
, 243–46; Mel nik,
Philippine Diary
, 271; Wise,
Secret Mission to the Philippines
, 118; Ingham,
Rendezvous by Submarine
, 114; MEMORANDUM for Lt. S. Jamelerin from Lt. Commander Chick Parsons, July 8, 1943, Personal Papers of Charles Parsons, Baguio, Philippines.

266
The expedition commenced:
McCoy, “Yankee Guerril as,” 80–81; McCoy, ESCAPE, 47; Wise,
Secret Mission to the Philippines
, 119–25; Ingham,
Rendezvous by Submarine
, 115–23; Mel nik,
Philippine Diary
, 272–73; Peter Parsons, “Special Mission Subs in the Philippines: The Chick Parsons Connection,”
Bulletin of the American Historical Collection
31, no. 1

(January–March 2003).

269
It was the Dinas:
Miscel aneous maps, Parsons Papers; Wise,
Secret Mission to the
Philippines
, 126–30; Ingham,
Rendezvous by Submarine
, 124–25; McCoy, “Yankee Guerril as,” 82–83; Mel nik,
Philippine Diary
, 274.

270
It was there that they found:
Mel nik,
Philippine Diary
, 275–76; Wise,
Secret Mission to the
Philippines
, 131–34; Ingham,
Guerrilla Submarines,
126–27; McCoy, “Yankee Guerril as,” 83–84;
Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
(Washington, D.C.: United States Department of Defense, 1969), 304; Dissette and Adamson,
Guerrilla Submarines
, 16–17; A. H. Clark, Annex Able to CTF 71 Operation Order No. 16-43 of May 14, 1943, NARA, RG 38, Records of the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, 1875–1989, Box 1482, 1–2.

273
Squinting through the bright sunlight:
Mel nik,
Philippine Diary
, 279.

274
The rapidly unfolding series of events:
Ind,
Allied Intelligence Bureau
, 180; Minutes of Conference held in Room 803, A.M.P. Building, Brisbane, Australia, approximately 10:00 a.m., July 26th 1943, NARA, RG 407, BOX 478, 1–16; NOTES FOR MEMORANDUM: Conference in G-3 Planning Section 1700K/16, August 1943, Subject: Guerril a Activities in MINDANAO, NARA, RG 407, Box 478, 1–4; Mel nik,
Philippine Diary
, 279–80; McCoy, ESCAPE, 65.

18. DUTY

PAGE

277
“You say I’m jesting”:
Lee, “An Answer to the Inevitable Question,”
Nothing but Praise
, 14.

277
A cargo plane had:
Mel nik,
Philippine Diary
, 281.

278
His only outlet:
Dyess, EXPERIENCES, 1, 17.

278
Ashford was the perfect place:
Louis E. Keefer,
Shangri-La for Wounded Soldiers
(Reston, VA: COTU, 1995); 1–14; Dr. Robert Conte, author’s interview.

278
Although one needed a special pass: Chicago Tribune
, 1951; Dyess,
The Dyess Story
, 18–19.

278
He had the
Associated Press:
New York Times
, July 26, 1942; Dyess,
The Dyess Story
, 3.

278
Some of his visitors: Chicago Tribune
, February 2, 1944; Dyess,
The Dyess Story
, 3–4.

280
MEMORANDUM FOR:
MEMORANDUM FOR: The Secretary of War; The Secretary of the Navy. Subject: Japanese Atrocities Reports of by Escaped Prisoners, NARA, Records of the Office of War Information, RG 208, Box 2.

280
Trohan, in turn, dialed:
Transcript of telephone conversation between Trohan and Surles, September 9, 1943, NARA, RG 107, Records of the Office of the Secretary of War, 1791–1948, transcripts of the director’s telephone conversations, compiled 08/1941–12/1945, Box 1–4.

281
On the home front during:
Presidential Executive Order No. 9182, NARA, Federal Register page and date: 7 FR 4468, June 16, 1942.

282
The mission of OWI chief:
Al an M. Winkler,
The Politics of Propaganda: The Office of War
Information, 1942–1945
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1978), 1–7, 31–37;
Life
, September 20, 1943; Breuer,
The Air-Raid Warden Was a Spy
, 135–36.

282
It was not long after the fall: New York Times
, April 13, April 19, April 11, 1942;
Bataan
, July 1943, Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, NY; Dorothy Cave,
Beyond Courage
(Las Cruces, NM: Yucca Tree, 1992), 266;
Chicago

Tribune
, January 31, 1944.

283
In a telephone conversation:
Transcript of telephone conversation between Major Greenwood and Surles, September 14, 1943, NARA, RG 107, Box 1–4; Kerr,
Surrender and
Survival
, 158; e-mail correspondence from Stanley Falk to the author, May 6, 2004; Morton,
Strategy and Command,
537; Thomas B. Buel ,
Master of Sea Power: A Biography of Fleet
Admiral Ernest J. King
(Boston: Little, Brown, 1980), 399.

284
MacArthur believed himself to be fighting:
SECOND DRAFT, “P.R.S. Admin, March–July 1943,” MacArthur Archives, RG 16, Box 63, Folder 4, 4; MacArthur,
Reminiscences
, 146–47.

285
War correspondent Raymond Clapper:
Winkler,
The Politics of Propaganda
, 53.

285
No matter what their government:
Iris Chang,
The Rape of Nanking: The Forgotten
Holocaust of World War II
(New York: Penguin, 1997), 144–45; Dower,
War Without Mercy
, 49–50.

285
Why was Dyess encountering:
Michael S. Sweeney,
Secrets of Victory: The Office of
Censorship and the American Press and Radio in World War II
(Chapel Hil : University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 79–81.

286
The fact that it was:
Transcript of telephone conversation between General Strong and General Surles, September 13, 1943, NARA, RG 107, Box 1–4, 4–8.

286
McCoy’s situation:
Letter from Fertig to Gen. Hugh Casey, 1 July 1943, Individual Files, Wendel Fertig, MAC, RG 16, Box 11, Folder 24, 6; Jack Hawkins, author’s interview.

287
Mellnik, too, was obsessed:
Miscel aneous newspaper reports, 1944; Mel nik,
Philippine
Diary
, 282.

287
By mid-September:
Dyess,
The Dyess Story
, 11, 12, 17;
Chicago Tribune
, February 2, 1944.

288
At last, Sam Grashio’s hands:
Grashio,
Return to Freedom
, 162–66, 168–69, 239; McCoy, “Yankee Guerril as,” 107–8.

19. GREATER LOVE HATH NO MAN

PAGE

291
“I kneel to thee”:
Lee, “Prayer Before Battle (To Mars) (December 8, 1941),”
Nothing but
Praise
, 14.

291
The arrival of autumn: New York Times
, October 6, 1943; Larry I. Bland and Sharon Ritenour Stevens, eds.,
The Papers of George Catlett Marshall
, Volume 4,
“Aggressive and
Determined Leadership,” June 1, 1943–December 31, 1944
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996), 149.

292
That policy greeted Sam Grashio:
Grashio,
Return to Freedom
, 177–82; Grashio, EXPERIENCES, MacArthur Archives, RG 53, Box 9, Folder 14, 12;
Los Angeles Evening
Herald-Express
, January 28, 1944.

293
Dyess, however, was temporarily placated:
Grashio,
Return to Freedom
, 183.

293
Ed Dyess no sooner rose: Albany News
(Texas), November 11, 1943;
Fort Worth Star-Telegram
, November 6, 1943;
Abilene Reporter-News
(Texas), November 6, 1943;
Dallas
Morning News
, November 6, 1943; e-mail correspondence from Chad Hil to the author, March 6, 2006.

296
It was almost 1600 hours:
Hawkins,
Never Say Die
, 190–96; Hawkins, film treatment, 355–64; Jack Hawkins, author’s interview; Shofner, “Guerril a Diary,” 137–44; Shofner, “Diary: 1941–1945” 143; McCoy, “Yankee Guerril as,” 123–26; Paul Marshal , author’s interview; Robert Spielman, author’s interview; Lucy Spielman, author’s interview;
Saturday Evening Post
, June 23, 1945.

299
The Pan Am Clipper:
Jack Hawkins, author’s interview; Hawkins, film treatment, 368–70.

300
No one could accuse Ed Dyess: Fort Worth Star Telegram
, February 6, 1944;
Chicago
Tribune
, February 2, 1944; letter from Dyess to Grashio, December 21, 1943, Dyess Air Force Base.

302
Just before Dyess’s arrival:
Robin Olds, author’s interview.

302
After Olds hopped down:
USAAF investigative board report no. 44-12-22-22, Air Force Historical Research Agency, Maxwel Air Force Base, AL; Olds, author’s interview.

303
Dyess must have arrived:
Olds, author’s interview; USAAF investigative board report no.

44-12-22-22, Air Force Historical Research Agency.

304
By the time an ambulance: World War II
, July 2002, 8; Bert Bank, author’s interview; Austin Shofner, Smal wood interview;
Chicago Tribune
, February 1944.

305
Sam Grashio recognized:
Grashio,
Return to Freedom
, 183–84,
Spokane Spokesman-Review
, December 28, 1943;
Fort Worth Star-Telegram
, December 23, December 27, December 28, 1943;
Abilene Reporter-News
(Texas), December 23, December 28, 1943;
Dallas Morning News
, December 28, 1943; Elizabeth Nel Denman, author’s interview.

20. LEGACIES

PAGE

308
“We want no unearned plaudits”:
Lee, “Letters from Home (February, 1944),”
Nothing but
Praise
, 41.

308
Ed Dyess had been laid to rest: Spokane Spokesman-Review
, December 28, 1943.

309
So skillfully, however, had the story:
Memorandum on telephone cal from War Department to Jack Lockhart, November 17, 1943, NARA, RG 216, Office of Censorship—Press Division, Day File, Jan. 19, 1942–Dec. 31, 1944, Box 1414; Memorandum of telephone cal to Jack Lockhart from W. H. Mylander, December 24, 1943, NARA, RG 216, Box 1414.

309
To OWI chief Elmer Davis:
Letter from Elmer Davis to Admiral Wil iam D. Leahy, December 24, 1943, NARA, RG 208, Box 2, 1–3.

310
A carbon copy:
Letter from Palmer Hoyt to Bert Andrews (Chief, New York Herald Tribune Bureau), January 31, 1944, Hoyt Papers, Denver Public Library, WH 1226, Box 2. In its February 7, 1944, issue,
Newsweek
credited “Owen Lattimore, authority on Oriental psychology now in charge of OWI Pacific operations,” with helping his bosses sway the Joints Chiefs and the Oval Office. Lattimore “argued that exposure and warning impress the Japs, while continued suppression of the atrocity stories might give them a feeling of impunity. To this dominant motive was added a desire to stiffen home-front morale, boost War Bond sales, blood bank donations, etc.”

310
Gen. George Strong of the Secret:
Letter from General George Strong to Elmer Davis, December 24, 1943, NARA, RG 208, Box 2; Letter from Elmer Davis to General Strong, December 27, 1943, NARA, RG 208, Box 2;
Chicago Tribune
, February 2, 1944.

311
Strong must have thought:
Transcript of telephone conversation between General Surles and General Strong, December 29, 1943, NARA, RG 107, Box 1–4; Transcript of telephone conversation between General Surles and Byron Price, December 29, 1943, NARA, RG 107, Box 1–4.

313
Nineteen forty-four was slightly less than a week old:
Letter from Cordel Hul to Elmer Davis, January 8, 1944, NARA, RG 208, Box 2.

313
“Two things,” Price began:
Transcript of telephone conversation between General Surles and Byron Price, January 8, 1944, NARA, RG 107, Box 1–4.

314
The two-week moratorium:
Memorandum by Jack Lockhart, Subject: Dyess Story for Chicago Tribune, January 19, 1944, NARA, RG 216, Office of Censorship—Press File, Day File, January 1944, Box, 1416; Transcript of telephone conversation between Steve Early and Colonel Stanley Grogan, January 24, 1944, NARA, RG 107, Box 1–4.

315
A subsequent conversation:
Transcript of conversation between General Clayton Bissel and Colonel Stanley Grogan, January 21, 1944, NARA, RG 107, Box 1–4.

315
Via Early, Davis had been directed:
NOTES OF CONVERSATION WITH STEVE EARLY

VIA TELEPHONE, January 20, 1944, NARA, RG 208, BOX 2; MAJOR GENERAL CLAYTON

BISSELL, RELEASE OF INFORMATION ON ATROCITIES, January 21, 1944, NARA, RG

107, Box 1–4; MEMORANDUM, From: Jack Lockhart, To: W. H. Mylander, Subject: Navy Asks Simultaneous