11.
Crossman
, p 483; Richard Ingrams,
Muggeridge
(1995), p 178; John Sutherland,
Stephen Spender
(2004), p 307;
News Chronicle
, 19 Apr 1956;
Evening Citizen
, 23 Apr 1956; Turtle, 23 Apr 1956; Nicolson,
Later Years
, p 300;
Crossman
, p 624; Joe Haines,
Glimmers of Twilight
(Politico’s edn, 2004), pp 13–14.
12.
News Chronicle
, 3 May 1956;
Independent
, 29 Mar 1993 (Michael Leapman);
Guardian
, 2 Nov 2004 (Luke Harding);
Fowles
, pp 373–4; Turtle, 8 May 1956; Heap, 8 May 1956.
13.
The Times
, 9 May 1956; John Heilpern,
John Osborne
(2006), p 169; Geoffrey Wheatcroft, ‘Milton Shulman’,
Independent
, 24 May 2004; ‘Cecil Wilson’,
Daily Telegraph
, 19 Mar 1997; Michael Billington, ‘John Barber’,
Guardian
, 10 Dec 2005;
Financial Times
, 10 May 1956.
14. ‘John Osborne’,
The Times
, 27 Dec 1994;
Guardian
, 21 May 2003 (Samantha Ellis);
New Statesman
, 12 May 1956;
Sunday Times
, 13 May 1956;
Observer
, 13 May 1956; Brian Thompson,
Clever Girl
(2007), pp 191–2.
11 No Choice
1.
The Times
, 26 Jan 1956; Howard Glennerster,
British Social Policy Since 1945
(Oxford, 1995), p 87; ‘Professor Brian Abel-Smith’,
The Times
, 9 Apr 1996; Peter Townsend, ‘Professor Brian Abel-Smith’,
Independent
, 9 Apr 1006;
Spectator
, 3 Feb 1956;
News Chronicle
, 6 Jul 1956.
2. Marshall Marinker, ‘“What is Wrong” and “How We Know It”: Changing Concepts of Illness in General Practice’, in Irvine Loudon et al (eds),
General Practice and the National Health Service, 1948–1997
(Oxford, 1998), pp 69–70; Richard Titmuss,
Essays on ‘The Welfare State’
(1958), p 139; Charles Webster,
The National Health Service
, (Oxford, 2002 edn.), pp 39–40; Richard Gordon,
Doctor in the House
(1952), p 134;
Picture Post
, 9 Oct 1954; Labour Party Archives (People’s History Museum, Manchester), Research Department Correspondence, 2.3.1, vol 3, ‘Hospitals, 1953’ file, Memo on ‘Hospital Services’; John Prince, ‘A Consumer’s View of the National Health Service’, in James Farndale (ed),
Trends in the National Health Service
(Oxford, 1964), p 35; Rudolf Klein,
The New Politics of the NHS
, (Harlow, 1995 edn.), pp 46–7; David Widgery,
The National Health
(1988), pp 56–7; Titmuss,
Essays
, pp 201–2; Paul Vaughan,
Exciting Times in the Accounts Department
(1995), pp 71, 61–2.
3.
Spectator
, 3 Feb 1956; Nicholas Timmins,
The Five Giants
(2001 edn.), p 210; Heap, 2 Oct 1955; Richard Bradford,
First Boredom, Then Fear
(2005), p 151;
Times Literary Supplement
, 14 Oct 2005 (Ken Worpole); Geoffrey Rivett,
From Cradle to Grave
(1997), p 77; Simon Goodwin, ‘Community Care for the Mentally Ill in England and Wales: Myths, Assumptions and Reality’,
Journal of Social Policy
(Jan 1989), pp 30, 33; John Clay,
R.D. Laing
(1996), pp 55–60.
4. Heap, 23 Mar 1956; Channel Four, ‘Children of the Iron Lung’, 21 Sep 2000; Rivett,
Cradle
, p 59; Virginia Berridge, ‘The Policy Response to the Smoking and Lung Cancer Connection in the 1950s and 1960s’,
Historical Journal
(Dec 2006), p 1197;
Macmillan
, p 556; Berridge, ‘Policy’, p 1200; Matthew Hilton,
Smoking in British Popular Culture, 1800–2000
(Manchester, 2000), p 214;
News Chronicle
, 6 Jul 1956; Amis, p 496.
5.
Picture Post
, 9 Oct 1954; Vivienne Walters,
Class Inequality and Health Care
(1980), p 138; Webster,
National
, pp 57–8, 129–30; Charles Webster, ‘Investigating Inequalities in Health before Black’,
Contemporary British History
(Autumn 2002), p 91; Klein,
New Politics
, p 47.
6. Rivett,
Cradle
, p 76; Zaida Hall, ‘Doctor John Agate’,
Independent
, 20 Nov 1998; Pat Thane,
Old Age in Modern England
(Oxford, 2000), p 449; Peter Townsend,
The Family Life of Old People
(Pelican edn, 1963), pp 177–9, 183.
7. Macmillan, p 486; Gilbert Harding, ‘Preface’, in W. H. Mason,
The Gilbert Harding Question Book
(1956), p 6; Peter Townsend, ‘The Meaning of Poverty’,
British Journal of Sociology
(Sep 1962), pp 211–15; Rodney Lowe,
The Welfare State
, (Basingstoke, 1999 edn.), p 97.
8. Berridge, ‘Policy’, p 1199; Alan Kidd,
Manchester
, (Edinburgh, 2002 edn.), p 196; David Jeremiah,
Architecture and Design for the Family
(Manchester, 2000), p 173;
The Times
, 30 Jan 2004 (Bob Stanley);
Architectural Design
(Dec 1956), pp 377–8; Peter Hall,
Cities of Tomorrow
, (Oxford, 2002 edn.), p 241;
New Statesman
, 8 Dec 1956; A.G.V. Simmonds, ‘Conservative Governments and the Housing Question, 1951–59’, University of Leeds PhD, 1995, pp 253–4; John Winstone,
Britain As It Was, 1963–1975
(Bristol, 1990), p 35; Candida Lycett Green (ed), John Betjeman,
Letters, Volume Two
,
(1995), p 99; Pennie Denton (ed),
Betjeman’s London
(1988), p 53; Anthony Flowers and Derek Smith,
Out of the One Eye
(Newcastle, 2002), pp 9–16.
9. John R. Gold,
The Practice of Modernism
(Abingdon, 2007), p 148; John R. Gold, ‘The Making of a Megastructure: Architectural Modernism, Town Planning and Cumbernauld’s Central Area, 1955–75’,
Planning Perspectives
(Apr 2006), p 116;
Architects’ Journal
, 17 Jan 1957; Gold,
Practice
, p 150; Frank Worsdall,
The Tenement
(Edinburgh, 1979), pp 141–2;
Glasgow Herald
, 26 Dec 1956; Seán Damer,
Glasgow
(1990), p 191; Charles Johnstone, ‘The Tenants’ Movement and Housing Struggles in Glasgow, 1945–1990’, University of Glasgow PhD, 1992, pp 315, 318; Castlemilk People’s History Group,
The Big Flit
(Glasgow, 1990), pp 5–7, 20; Johnstone, ‘Tenants’ Movement’, p 324.
10. Ronald Smith,
The Gorbals
(Glasgow, 1999), pp 16–17;
Town and Country Planning
(Jun 1954), pp 277–80;
News Chronicle
, 23 Nov 1955;
Glasgow Herald
, 13 Apr 1956; Smith,
Gorbals
,
pp 19–21;
Glasgow Herald
, 25 Jun 1956.
11.
Liverpool Daily Post
, 30 Jun 1956; Selina Todd, ‘Affluence, Class and Crown Street: Reinvestigating the Post-War Working Class’,
Contemporary British History
(Dec 2008), pp 501–3; John Barron Mays, ‘Cultural Conformity in Urban Area: An Introduction to the Crown Street Study in Liverpool’,
Sociological Review
(Jul 1958), p 98; J. A. Yelling, ‘Residents’ Reactions to Post-War Slum Clearance in England’,
Planning History
214/3 (1999), p 7; C. H. Vereker and J. B. Mays,
Urban Development and Social Change
(Liverpool, 1961), p 94; Todd, ‘Affluence’, p 508;
Liverpool Daily Post
, 30 Jun 1956; Arthur Marwick,
Britain in Our Century
(1984), p 184.
12. Crown Street Survey, University of Liverpool, Special Collections, D416/1/23.
12 The Real Razzle-Dazzle
1. Tony Jasper,
The Top Twenty Book
, fifth edn (1991), pp 18–21; John Peel and Sheila Ravenscroft,
Margrave of the Marshes
(2005), pp 69–70; Bill Wyman,
Stone Alone
(1990), p 63; Philip Norman,
John Lennon
(2008), p 82;
Daily Telegraph
, 7 Jul 2003 (Michael Shelden); Pete Frame,
The Restless Generation
(2007), pp 175, 177; Michael Richardson,
The Durham Miners’ Gala
(Derby, 2001), pp 176–7; Thom Gunn,
The Sense of Movement
(1954), p 31; Dave McAleer,
Hit Parade Heroes
(1993), p 43; Peel and Ravenscroft,
Margrave
, p 71.
2. Humphrey Carpenter,
The Angry Young Men
(2002), pp 108–10, 135;
Times Literary Supplement
, 8 Jun 1956;
Spectator
, 15 Jun 1956; John Clay,
R. D. Laing
(1996), p 59; Carpenter,
Angry
, pp 134–44; Peter Bailey, ‘White Collars, Gray Lives? The Lower Middle Class Revisited’,
Journal of British Studies
(Jul 1999), p 289;
Guardian
, 8 Nov 1999 (Flachra Gibbons); Margaret Drabble,
Angus Wilson
(1995), pp 209–12;
Spectator
, 1 Jun 1956. The fullest account of the Angry Young Men remains Harry Ritchie,
Success Stories
(1988).
3. Alan Strachan, ‘Joan Littlewood’,
Independent
, 23 Sep 2002; Michael O’Sullivan,
Brendan Behan
(Dublin, 1997), p 207;
Spectator
, 1 Jun 1956; O’Sullivan,
Behan
, p 207; Richard Ingrams,
Muggeridge
(1995), p 177; Heap, 24 Jul 1956; Charlotte Mosley (ed),
The Letters of Nancy Mitford and Evelyn Waugh
(1996), p 386; Peter Bull,
I Know the Face, but . . .
(1959), p 189;
Blackpool Gazette & Herald
, 2 Jun 1956;
West Lancashire Evening Gazette
, 5 Jun 1956; Bull,
I Know
, pp 186–7;
West Lancashire Evening Gazette
, 9 Jun 1956; Bull,
I Know
, p 188.
4. Alethea Hayter (ed),
A Wise Woman: A Memoir of Lavinia Mynors from her Diaries and Letters
(Banham, 1996), p 114;
The Times
, 19 Jan 1998 (Erica Wagner); Robert Conquest (ed),
New Lines
(1956), pp xii–xv; Heap, 29 Aug 1956; Colin Clark,
The Prince, The Showgirl and Me
(1995), p 68;
Guardian
, 27 Dec 2008 (Simon Callow); BBC WA, R9/19/2, Aug 1956; John Ramsden,
The Age of Churchill and Eden, 1940–1957
(Harlow, 1995), pp 296–7;
New Yorker
, 7 Jul 1956; Joe Moran,
On Roads
(2009), pp 19–20; David Hunt,
A History of Preston
(Preston, 1992), p 263.
5. Roy Greenslade,
Press Gang
(2004), pp 125–6; Daly, Ms 302/3/2, 20 Jun 1956;
Reasoner
, Jul 1956, pp 2–3, 14–15; John Saville,
Memoirs from the Left
(2003), pp 107–8.
6. Leon Edel (ed), Edmund Wilson,
The Fifties
(New York, 1986), pp 369–70; Haines, 31 Jul 1956; David Rayvern Allen (ed),
Another Word from Arlott
(1985), p 212; Turtle, 31 Jul 1956; Alan Hill,
Jim Laker
(1998), p 135.
7. St John, 23 Jul 1956; Robert Shepherd,
Iain Macleod
(1994), p 108; Geoffrey Goodman,
The Awkward Warrior
(1979), p 123;
Sunday Times
, 29 Jan–4 Mar 1956; Goodman,
Awkward
, p 123;
New Statesman
, 7 Apr 1956; Shepherd,
Macleod
, p 110; Mark Pottle (ed),
Daring to Hope: The Diaries and Letters of Violet Bonham Carter, 1946–1969
(2002), p 166; Eric Silver,
Victor Feather, TUC
(1973), p 103; BBC WA,
Any Questions?
, 13 May 1956; Harold Macmillan
, Riding the Storm
(1971), pp 55–7; Ramsden,
Age
, pp 298–300.
8. Goodman,
Awkward
, pp 68, 110, 125–6, 129–30; Macmillan, p 571; Shepherd,
Macleod
, p 111; Richard Etheridge Papers at Modern Records Centre (University of Warwick), Mss 202/S/J/3/3/5; Goodman,
Awkward
, p 130; R. A. Leeson,
Strike
(1973), p 1997; John Salmon, ‘Wage Strategy, Redundancy and Shop Stewards in the Coventry Motor Industry’, in Michael Terry and P. K. Edwards (eds),
Shopfloor Politics and Job Controls
(Oxford, 1988), p 205; Tim Claydon, ‘Tales of Disorder: The Press and the Narrative Construction of Industrial Relations in the British Motor Industry, 1950–79’,
Historical Studies in Industrial Relations
(Spring 2000), pp 13–16;
Picture Post
, 4 Aug 1956; Goodman,
Awkward
, p 131; Leeson,
Strike
, p 198; Timothy R. Whisler, ‘The Outstanding Potential Market: The British Motor Industry and Europe, 1945–75’,
Journal of Transport History
(Mar 1994), pp 5–9.
9. David Dutton,
Anthony Eden
(1997), p 271; Shepherd,
Macleod
, p 113; Goodman,
Awkward
, p 134;
Crossman
, p 510; Macmillan, p 594; Gaitskell, p 615; George H. Gallup (ed),
The Gallup International Public Opinion Polls: Great Britain, 1937–1975, Volume One
(New York, 1976), pp 385, 351;
The Voice of Fords Workers
, Oct 1956, pp 4–5.
10. Laurie Dennett,
A Sense of Security
(Cambridge, 1988), pp 316–17;
Picture Post
, 23 Jun 1956; Anthony Sampson,
Anatomy of Britain
(1962), pp 218–19;
Guardian
, 14 Jun 2008 (James Campbell); Mark Girouard,
Big Jim
(1998), p 85;
Guardian
, 14 Jun 2008 (James Campbell); Girouard,
Big Jim
, pp 85–6; Martin Harrison,
Transition
(2002), p 127.
11.
News Chronicle
, 31 Aug 1956, 6 Sep 1956, 12 Sep 1956; Frame,
Restless
, pp 187, 190, 192;
Picture Post
, 22 Sep 1956; Alan Travis,
Bound and Gagged
(2000), p 109;
Guardian
, 22 Jun 2001.
12. Jonathan Dimbleby,
Richard Dimbleby
(1975), pp 278–9; Michael Banton, ‘The Influence of Colonial Status upon Black–White Relations in England, 1948–58,
Sociology
(Nov 1983), p 551; Michael Banton,
White and Coloured
(1959), p 210; Banton, ‘Influence’, p 552; Banton,
White
, p 210; Banton, ‘Influence’, p 553; Paul Foot,
Immigration and Race in British Politics
(Harmondsworth, 1965), p 128; Donald Hinds,
Journey to an Illusion
(1966), pp 118–20.