Read Five Billion Years of Solitude Online
Authors: Lee Billings
Apollo,
1
,
50
,
151
,
187
,
202
,
212
,
239
Ares V,
203
Atlantis,
185
–87
ATLAST,
198
,
203
,
230
Challenger,
3
,
188
–89
Columbia,
189
,
196
commercial providers and,
233
–34,
258
–59
Constellation program,
196
,
198
,
203
,
204
,
215
,
221
,
223
ExoplanetSat,
256
–57
Galileo,
241
–42
Great Observatories,
192
,
197
,
209
Hubble Space Telescope,
189
–93,
195
,
197
–99,
205
–7,
209
,
218
–19,
226
International Space Station,
187
,
189
,
197
,
202
,
207
–8,
210
James Webb Space Telescope,
193
–99,
202
–4,
209
,
215
,
216
,
218
,
220
,
225
,
262
Kepler Space Telescope,
13
–14,
53
–54,
56
,
62
,
71
–73,
98
,
108
–9,
166
,
201
,
225
,
229
–30,
263
to Mars,
187
,
188
,
196
,
207
,
221
to Moon,
see
Moon, missions to
New Horizons,
239
OpTIIX,
207
–8,
210
Pioneer,
239
–40
Saturn
rockets,
151
–52,
187
,
188
,
202
,
203
shuttle program failures,
188
–89
Terrestrial Planet Finders,
see
Terrestrial Planet Finders
Tsiolkovsky and,
186
–87
Voyager,
see
Voyager missions
Space Telescope Science Institute,
198
,
199
,
212
,
257
–58
spectra,
200
–202,
250
spectroscopy, spectrometers,
33
–34,
51
–52
in Alpha Centauri search,
94
–98
CHIRON,
62
Hamilton,
58
,
114
HARPS,
60
–61,
63
–69,
96
,
98
HIRES,
59
–63,
66
iodine cell calibration in,
58
radial-velocity (RV),
51
,
53
–58,
60
,
61
–64,
66
,
68
,
94
–98,
108
,
114
Spergel, David,
218
–20,
249
Spitzer, Lyman,
189
,
209
Spitzer Space Telescope,
192
,
209
Sproul Telescope,
52
spy satellites,
188
,
189
,
205
,
209
SRI International,
42
Stahl, Phil,
203
Stamenkovic, Vlada,
259
stars,
200
–201
47 Ursae Majoris,
59
51 Pegasi,
50
61 Virginis,
55
70 Virginis,
59
Alpha Centauri,
see
Alpha Centauri
binary systems,
18
,
94
Dyson spheres for capturing energy of,
104
,
105
in early cosmology,
78
–80
of exoplanets, observations of,
33
formation of,
17
–18,
27
GJ 667C,
65
,
66
Gliese 581,
63
,
68
,
163
HD 83443,
60
HD 209458,
60
,
228
HR 8799,
238
Kepler field,
41
laws of nature and,
155
–56
M13 cluster,
39
–41
measuring distances to,
86
Proxima Centauri,
94
,
97
red dwarf (M-dwarf),
27
,
172
,
228
–30,
262
spectroscopy and,
see
spectroscopy, spectrometers
Sun-like,
18
,
50
,
55
,
201
,
228
,
230
,
238
,
256
,
257
transits of planets across,
53
Star Wars,
260
–61
Stoermer, Eugene,
135
Struve, Otto,
15
,
18
–19,
25
,
32
,
47
–48
sulfuric acid,
173
Sun,
31
,
73
,
87
birth of,
2
,
31
,
238
Dyson spheres for capturing energy of,
104
,
105
in early cosmology,
78
–82
Earth’s distance from,
83
,
86
end of life on Earth caused by,
7
,
31
–32,
75
–77,
159
,
180
–83
faint young Sun problem,
173
–75
heliocentrism and,
79
–82
orbit of,
95
shell of light surrounding,
237
–38
as telescope,
35
–37
Sun-like stars,
18
,
50
,
55
,
201
,
228
,
230
,
238
,
256
,
257
supernovae,
30
,
88
Swarthmore College,
52
systemic,
71
Systemic Console,
54
,
65
Tau Ceti,
10
–11
technological civilizations,
29
,
32
,
104
–5
emergence of,
21
–22
longevity of,
22
–25,
38
–39,
41
,
42