Ha! (35 page)

On personality and longevity, see Howard Friedman, Joan Tucker, Carol Tomlinson-Keasey, Joseph Schwartz, Deborah Wingard, and Michael Criqui, “Does Childhood Personality Predict Longevity?”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
65, no. 1 (1993): 176–185.

On humor and heart-unhealthy traits, see Paavo Kerkkänen, Nicholas Kuiper, and Rod Martin, “Sense of Humor, Physical Health, and Well-Being at Work: A Three-Year Longitudinal Study of Finnish Police Officers,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
17, no. 1/2 (2004): 21–35.

On neuroticism and longevity, see Benjamin Lahey, “Public Health Significance of Neuroticism,”
American Psychologist
64, no. 4 (2009): 241–256.

The Bill Cosby Effect

On humor and recovery of hospital patients, see James Rotton and Mark Shats, “Effects of State Humor, Expectancies, and Choice on Postsurgical Mood and Self-Medication: A Field Experiment,”
Journal of Applied Social Psychology
26, no. 20 (1996): 1775–1794.

On humor, pain tolerance, and the cold pressor test, see Matisyohu Weisenberg, Inbal Tepper, and Joseph Schwarzwald, “Humor as a Cognitive Technique for Increasing Pain Tolerance,”
Pain
63 (1995): 207–212.

On the benefits of watching sitcoms like
Friends
, compared to sitting and resting, see Attila Szabo, Sarah Ainsworth, and Philippa Danks, “Experimental Comparison of the Psychological Benefits of Aerobic Exercise, Humor, and Music,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
18, no. 3 (2005): 235–246.

On humor styles and health, see Paul Frewen, Jaylene Brinker, Rod Martin, and David Dozois, “Humor Styles and Personality—Vulnerability to Depression,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
21, no. 2 (2008): 179–195; also Vassilis Saroglou and Lydwine Anciaux, “Liking Sick Humor: Coping Styles and Religion as Predictors,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
17, no. 3 (2004): 257–277; also Nicholas Kuiper and Rod Martin, “Humor
and Self-Concept,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
6, no. 3 (1993): 251–270; also Nicholas Kuiper, Melissa Grimshaw, Catherine Leite, and Gillian Kirsh, “Humor Is Not Always the Best Medicine: Specific Components of Sense of Humor and Psychological Well-Being,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
17, no. 1/2 (2004): 135–168.

On the moderator hypothesis of humor (discussed on page 147), see Arthur Nezu, Christine Nezu, and Sonia Blissett, “Sense of Humor as a Moderator of the Relation Between Stressful Events and Psychological Distress: A Prospective Analysis,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
54, no. 3 (1988): 520–525.

On humor and the movie
Faces of Death
, see Arnie Cann, Lawrence Calhoun, and Jamey Nance, “Exposure to Humor Before and After an Unpleasant Stimulus: Humor as a Preventative or a Cure,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
13, no. 2 (2000): 177–191.

On humor and positive outlook, see Millicent Abel, “Humor, Stress, and Coping Strategies,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
15, no. 4 (2002): 365–381; also N. Kuiper, R. Martin, and K. Dance, “Sense of Humor and Enhanced Quality of Life,”
Personality and Individual Differences
13, no. 12 (1992): 1273–1283.

For examples of humor in hospitals, see John Morreall, “Applications of Humor: Health, the Workplace, and Education,” in
The Primer of Humor Research
, ed. Victor Raskin (New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009); also Paul McGhee's
Humor: The Lighter Path to Resilience and Health
(New York: AuthorHouse, 2010).

C
HAPTER
7: H
UMOR
D
ANCES

Humor and Dancing

On similarities between humor and jazz, see Kendall Walton, “Understanding Humor and Understanding Music,”
The Journal of Musicology
11, no. 1 (1993): 32–44; also Frank Salamone, “Close Enough for Jazz: Humor and Jazz Reality,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
1, no. 4 (1988): 371–388.

On comedic timing, see Salvatore Attardo and Lucy Pickering, “Timing in the Performance of Jokes,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
24, no. 2 (2011): 233–250.

On paratones, see Lucy Pickering, Marcella Corduas, Jodi Eisterhold, Brenna Seifried, Alyson Eggleston, and Salvatore Attardo, “Prosodic Markers of Saliency in Humorous Narratives,”
Discourse Processes
46 (2009): 517–540.

On jab lines, see Villy Tsakona, “Jab Lines in Narrative Jokes,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
16, no. 3 (2003): 315–329.

For a review on Paul Grice and his rules of communication, see Daniel Perlmutter, “On Incongruities and Logical Inconsistencies in Humor: The Delicate Balance,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
15, no. 2 (2002): 155–168; also Salvatore Attardo's
Linguistic Theories of Humor
(New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 1994).

On the uniqueness of irony, see Salvatore Attardo, Jodi Eisterhold, Jennifer Hay, and Isabella Poggi, “Multimodal Markers of Irony and Sarcasm,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
16, no. 2 (2003): 243–260.

Peer Pressure

On experimenters' influencing of participant humor ratings, see Willibald Ruch, “State and Trait Cheerfulness and the Induction of Exhilaration: A FACS Study,”
European Psychologist
2, no. 4 (1997): 328–341.

On shared laughter, see Howard Pollio and Charles Swanson, “A Behavioral and Phenomenological Analysis of Audience Reactions to Comic Performance,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
8, no. 1 (1995): 5–28; also Jonathan Freedman and Deborah Perlick, “Crowding, Contagion, and Laughter,”
Journal of Experimental Social Psychology
15 (1979): 295–303; also Jennifer Butcher and Cynthia Whissell, “Laughter as a Function of Audience Size, Sex of the Audience, and Segments of the Short Film ‘Duck Soup,'”
Perceptual and Motor Skills
59 (1984): 949–950; also Alan Fridlund, “Sociality of Solitary Smiling: Potentiation by an Implicit Audience,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
60, no. 2 (1991): 229–240; also T. Nosanchuk and Jack Lightstone, “Canned Laughter and Public and Private Conformity,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
29, no. 1 (1974): 153–156; also Richard David Young and Margaret Frye, “Some Are Laughing, Some Are Not—Why?”
Psychological Reports
18 (1966): 747–754.

On experimental manipulations of humor, see David Wimer and Bernard Beins, “Expectations and Perceived Humor,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
21, no. 3 (2008): 347–363; also James Olson and Neal Roese, “The Perceived Funniness of Humorous Stimuli,”
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
21, no. 9 (1995): 908–913; also Timothy Lawson, Brian Downing, and Hank Cetola, “An Attributional Explanation for the Effect of Audience Laughter on Perceived Funniness,”
Basic and Applied Social Psychology
20, no. 4 (1998): 243–249.

Lastly, for any old high school friends who are wondering (regarding the section's final metaphor): no, I wasn't related to my prom date. Susan, wherever you are now, I hope all is well.

Two Brains, One Mind

I changed Linda's name out of respect for her privacy. In academic literature she is known as patient N.G. I did the same for Philip, who is known as patient L.B.

On split brains and hemispheric laterality, see Eran Zaidel and Marco Iacoboni,
The Parallel Brain: The Cognitive Neuroscience of the Corpus Callosum
(Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003). The quotations in the text are from personal interviews. On the commissurotomy process, see Joseph Bogen and Philip Vogel, “Neurologic Status in the Long Term Following Complete Cerebral Commissurotomy,” in F. Michel and B. Schott,
Les Syndromes de Disconnexion Calleuse Chez l'Homme
(Hôpital Lyon, 1974).

On humor loss in right-hemisphere-damaged patients, see Hiram Brownell, Dee Michel, John Powelson, and Howard Gardner, “Surprise But Not Coherence: Sensitivity to Verbal Humor in Right-Hemisphere Patients,”
Brain and Language
18 (1983): 20–27.

On general personality differences between the hemispheres, see Fredric Schiffer, Eran Zaidel, Joseph Bogen, and Scott Chasan-Taber, “Different Psychological Status in the Two Hemispheres of Two Split-Brain Patients,”
Neuropsychiatry, Neuropsychology, and Behavioral Neurology
11, no. 3 (1998): 151–156; also the talk presented by Vilayanur Ramachandran to the 2006 Beyond Belief Conference at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies in La Jolla, California, available freely on YouTube.

On right-hemisphere importance for insight and poetry, see Edward Bowden, Mark Jung-Beeman, Jessica Fleck, and John Kounios, “New Approaches to Demystifying Insight,”
Trends in Cognitive Sciences
9, no. 7 (2005): 322–328; also Edward Bowden and Mark Jung-Beeman, “Aha! Insight Experience Correlates with Solution Activation in the Right Hemisphere,”
Psychonomic Bulletin and Review
10, no. 3 (2003): 730–737; also Edward Bowden and Mark Jung–Beeman, “Getting the Right Idea: Semantic Activation in the Right Hemisphere May Help Solve Insight Problems,”
Psychological Science
9, no. 6 (1988): 435–440; also M. Faust and N. Mashal, “The Role of the Right Cerebral Hemisphere in Processing Novel Metaphoric Expressions Taken from Poetry: A Divided Visual Field Study,”
Neuro–psychologia
45 (2007): 860–870.

Funny Relationships

On humor and mate selection, see Jane Smith, Ann Waldorf, and David Trembath, “Single, White Male Looking for Thin, Very Attractive . . . ,”
Sex Roles
23, no. 11 (1990): 675–685; also Hal Daniel, Kevin O'Brien, Robert McCabe, and Valerie Quinter, “Values in Mate Selection: A 1984 Campus Study,”
College Student Journal
15 (1986): 44–50; also Bojan Todosijević, Snežana Ljubinković, and Aleksandra Arančić, “Mate Selection Criteria: A Trait Desirability Assessment Study of Sex Differences in Serbia,”
Evolutionary Psychology
1 (2003): 116–126; also Lester Hewitt, “Student Perceptions of Traits Desired in Themselves as Dating and Marriage Partners,”
Marriage and Family Living
20, no. 4 (1958): 344–349; also Richard Lippa, “The Preferred Traits of Mates in a Cross–National Study of Heterosexual and Homosexual Men and Women: An Examination of Biological and Cultural Influences,”
Archives of Sexual Behavior
36 (2007): 193–208.

On gender differences in humor production and appreciation, see Eric Bressler, Rod Martin, and Sigal Balshine, “Production and Appreciation of Humor as Sexually Selected Traits,”
Evolution and Human Behavior
27 (2006): 121–130.

On the role of humor in successful relationships, see William Hampes, “The Relationship Between Humor and Trust,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
12, no. 3 (1999): 253–259; also William Hampes, “Relation Between Intimacy and Humor,”
Psychological
Reports
71 (1992): 127–130; also Robert Lauer, Jeanette Lauer, and Sarah Kerr, “The Long-Term Marriage: Perceptions of Stability and Satisfaction,”
International Journal of Aging and Human Development
31, no. 3 (1990): 189–195; also John Rust and Jeffrey Goldstein, “Humor in Marital Adjustment,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
2, no. 3 (1989): 217–223; also Avner Ziv, “Humor's Role in Married Life,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
1, no. 3 (1988): 223–229.

C
HAPTER
8: O
H, THE
P
LACES
Y
OU
'
LL
G
O

On the “Malice in Dallas,” see Kevin Freiberg and Jackie Freiberg,
Nuts! Southwest Airlines' Crazy Recipe for Business and Personal Success
(Austin, TX: Bard Press, 1996). Actual footage of the match can also be found online.

Oh, the Places You'll Go

On humor in the business world, see John Morreall, “Applications of Humor: Health, the Workplace, and Education,” in
The Primer of Humor Research
, ed. Victor Raskin (New York: Mouton de Gruyter, 2009).

On humor and organization of public speeches, see John Jones, “The Masking Effects of Humor on Audience Perception and Message Organization,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
18, no. 4 (2005): 405–417.

On humor at West Point, see Robert Priest and Jordan Swain, “Humor and Its Implications for Leadership Effectiveness,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
15, no. 2 (2002): 169–189.

On humor in the classroom, see Robert Kaplan and Gregory Pascoe, “Humorous Lectures and Humorous Examples: Some Effects upon Comprehension and Retention,”
Journal of Educational Psychology
69, no. 1 (1977): 61–65; also Avner Ziv, “Teaching and Learning with Humor: Experiment and Replication,”
Journal of Experimental Education
57, no. 1 (1988): 5–15.

On humor in politics, Congress, and the Supreme Court, see Alan Partington, “Double-Speak at the White House: A Corpus-Assisted Study of Bisociation in Conversational Laughter-Talk,”
Humor: International Journal of Humor Research
24, no. 4 (2011): 371–398;