Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (239 page)

21.
Ibid.

22.
Kojima,
Tenn
, dai nikan
, p. 33; Akira Iriye,
After Imperialism: The Search for a New Order in the Far East, 1921–1931
(Harvard University Press, 1965), pp. 197–205.

23.
MNN
, p. 322.

24.
NH
, pp. 22–24.

25.
Ibid., p. 23.

26.
KYN, dai sankan
, p. 23;
MNN
, pp. 336–37; and
NH
, p. 23.

27.
Okabe Nagakage,
Okabe Nagakage nikki: Sh
wa shoki kazoku kanry
no kiroku
. Sh
y
Kurabu, ed. (Kashiwa Shob
, 1993), pp. 60–61.

28.
NH
, p. 24 and n. 261; also
MNN
, p. 350.

29.
Ibid., p. 19.

30.
Bix, “The Sh
wa Emperor's ‘Monologue' and the Problem of War Responsibility,”
Journal of Japanese Studies
18, no. 2 (Summer 1992), p. 338–42.

31.
Ibid., pp. 341–42; and the discussion in Fujiwara, Awaya et al.,
Tettei kensh
: ‘Sh
wa tenn
dokuhakuroku'
(
tsuki Shoten 1991), pp. 33–34.

32.
Railroad Minister Ogawa Heikichi, nettled by the anachronism of the emperor's action, remarked, “It is most irrational in the present era for the prime minister to be forced into confinement due to the emperor's anger.” Cited in Masuda, “Tenn
: kindai,” p. 1244.

33.
Ik
Toshiya, “Sh
wa tenn
, ky
ch
gur
pu no Tanaka naikaku t
kaku und
,” in
Rekishi hy
ron
496 (Aug. 1991), pp. 16–17, as cited in Bix, p. 342.