Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (296 page)

117.
Jonathan Haslam,
The Soviet Union and the Threat from the East, 1933–41
, pp. 92–94. Since mid–1937 China had benefited from having signed a secret nonaggression pact with the Soviet Union, which was delighted to have Japanese power embroiled in China. Soviet aid took the form of military advisers, pilots, planes, equipment and munitions shipped overland from Siberia and Central Asia, and by sea to Haiphong, then to Rangoon for movement over the Burma Road. Though substantial, it could never compensate for Chiang's repeated defeats on the battlefield.

C
HAPTER
10
S
TALEMATE AND
E
SCALATION

1.
Senshi s
sho: Shina jihen rikugun sakusen (1): Sh
wa j
sannen ichigatsu made
(1975), p. 239; Awaya and Fujiwara, “Kaisetsu,” in Ki Gakujin,
Nihongun no kagakusen: Ch
goku senj
ni okeru dokugasu sakusen
(
tsuki Shoten, 1996), p. 374; Fujiwara Akira, “Nitch
sens
ni okeru horyo gyakusatsu,” in
Kikan senss
sekinin kenky
9 (Autumn 1995), p. 22.

2.
Awaya Kentar
, “Ima, miketsu no sens
sekinin to wa—shazai, hosh
y
ky
to saikin, dokugasusen mondai o ch
shin ni,” in
Sekai
558 (Sept. 1991).