Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (347 page)

8.
The words are those of the U.S. Strategic Bombing Survey,
Japan's Struggle to End the War
(Washington, D.C., July 1946), p. 2.

9.
TN, dai rokkan
(Ch
K
ronsha, 1997), pp. 466–67.

10.
Sometime in January or early February 1945, Konoe drafted an analysis of the situation facing Japan and used it as his reference in writing the “memorial.” In this unsigned handwritten document, Konoe explicitly rejected the view of the Soviet Union held by Hirohito and the high command; he also identified the Japan-Soviet Neutrality Treaty as an instrument designed to “worsen the conflict between Japan and the United States and Britain.” For Konoe's text see Sh
ji Junichir
, “Konoe Fumimaro shuki ‘Soren no T
'A ni taisuru ito,'” in
Gunji shigaku
34, no. 2 (Sept. 1998), pp. 45–48. For Finance Ministry bureaucrat Ueda Shunkichi's input see Ueda Shunkichi, “Sh
wa demokurashii no zasetsu” and “Gunbu, kakushin kanryn
Nihon ky
sanka keikakuan,” in
Jiy
(Oct. and Nov. 1960).

11.
For translation and analysis of the Konoe memorial see John W. Dower,
Empire and Aftermath: Yoshida Shigeru and the Japanese Experience, 1874–1954
(Harvard University Press, 1979), pp. 260–64.

12.
K
ketsu Atsushi, “Potsdamu sengen' to hachigatsu j
gonichi—judaku chien no haikei niwa nani ga atta no ka,” in
Rekishi chiri ky
iku
536 (Aug. 1995), pp. 13–14, citing Harada Kumao's version of the emperor-Konoe exchange from “Harada danshaku naiwa oboe, March 21, 1945,” in “Takagi S
kichi shiry
.”