Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan (393 page)

71.
Nakamura Masanori, “Tokyo saiban to Nihon gendaishi,” in Nakamura Masanori,
Gendaishi o manabu: sengo kaikaku to gendai Nihon
(Yoshikawa K
bunkan, 1997), pp. 98–99.

72.
Ashida Hitoshi nikki, dai nikan
(Iwanami Shoten, 1986), p. 247.

73.
Nakamura, “Tokyo saiban to Nihon gendaishi,” p. 97.

74.
Awaya Kentar
, “Tokyo saiban ni miru sengo shori,” in Awaya et al.,
Sens
sekinin, sengo sekinin: Nihon to Doitsu wa d
chigau ka
(Asahi Sensho, 1998), p. 117; U.S. State Dept., “Japanese Reactions to Class A War Crimes Trial,” Aug. 27, 1948, in
O.S.S./State Dept. Intelligence and Research Reports,
part 2,
Postwar Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia,
reel 5 (University Publications of America, Inc.).

75.
The decree was discovered and introduced in English by Awaya Kentar
. See “In the Shadows of the Tokyo Tribunal,” “Appendix” in Hosoya C. et al., eds.,
The Tokyo War Crimes Trial: An International Symposium
(K
dansha International Ltd., 1986), pp. 79–88.

76.
Yoshida Yutaka, “‘Sh
wa tenn
dokuhakuroku' no rekishiteki ichizuke,” in Higashino,
Sh
wa tenn
futatsu no “dokuhakuroku,
” p. 266.

77.
Nakamura Masanori,
Gendaishi o manabu: sengo kaikaku to gendai Nihon
(Yoshikawa K
bunkan, 1997), pp. 93–120.

78.
In section 12 of appendix D, rape was defined traditionally as “failure to respect family honour and rights” rather than as violence against women per se.
Tokyo saiban e no michi: kokusai kensatsu kyoku, seisaku kettei kankei bunsho, dai yonkan
, p. 416.

79.
“The Crime of Conspiracy,” memorandum for Joseph B. Keenan, Washington, D.C., May 23, 1946; Arieh J. Kochavi,
Prelude to Nuremberg:
Allied War Crimes Policy and the Question of Punishment
(University of North Carolina Press, 1998), p. 225. The prosecution of “conspiracy” had also divided the British and Americans from the French and Soviets during the London negotiations over the IMT Charter.

80.
Kain
Michitaka, “Tokyo saiban, sonogo,” in
Shis
348 (1953), p. 28.