History of the Second World War (121 page)

Rommel, Field-Marshal Erwin:
The Rommel Papers
(ed. B. H. Liddell Hart). London, Collins, 1953; New York, Harcourt, Brace, 1953.

Schmidt, H. W.:
With Rommel in the Desert.
London, Harrap, 1951.

Seaton, Lieut.-Colonel Albert:
The Russo-German War, 1941-1945.
London, Arthur Barker, 1970; New York, Praeger, 1970.

Tedder, Marshal of the Royal Air Force Lord:
With Prejudice.
London, Cassell, 1966; Boston, Little, Brown, 1967.

Westphal, General Siegfried:
The German Army in the West.
London, Cassell, 1951.

OFFICIAL HISTORIES

Great Britain

Roskill, Captain S. W.:
The War at Sea.
Vol. I, London, H.M.S.O., 1954. Ehrman, John:
Grand Strategy.
Vol. V. London, H.M.S.O., 1956.

Woodburn Kirby, Major-General S.:
The War Against Japan.
Vol. I. London. H.M.S.O., 1957.

Playfair, Major-General I.S.O., and others:
The Mediterranean and the Middle East.
Vol. III. London, H.M.S.O., 1960.

Webster, Sir Charles, and Frankland, Noble:
The Strategic Air Offensive Against Germany
,
1939-1945
.

Vol. I:
Preparation.
London, H.M.S.O., 1961.

Vol. II:
Endeavour.
London, H.M.S.O., 1961.

Vol. III:
Victory.
London, H.M.S.O., 1961.

United States

United States Army in World War II

Cole, H. M.:
The European Theater of Operations: The Lorraine Campaign.
Washington D.C., Historical Division, Department of the Army, 1950.

Matloff, Maurice, and Snell, Edwin M.:
The War Department: Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare, 1941-1942.
Washington, D.C., Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1953.

Howe, George F.:
The Mediterranean Theater of Operations: Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West.
Washington, D.C., Office of the Chief of Military History, Department of the Army, 1957.

History of United States Naval Operations in World War II

Morison, S. E.: Vol. IX:
Sicily-Salerno-Anzio, January 1943-June 1944.
Boston. Little, Brown, 1954.

DESPATCHES

Supplement to The London Gazette,
3 February 1948.

Despatch submitted . . . by . . . Field-Marshal the Viscount Alexander of Tunis, K.G., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., C.S.I., D.S.O., M.C.

Supplement to The London Gazette,
25 April 1950.

Despatch submitted . . . by Admiral of the Fleet Sir Andrew B. Cunningham, G.C.B., D.S.O.

SUBJECT INDEX

Absolute national defence sphere of Japan, 506

Admiralty, caution of, in regard to Norway, 52, 61-2; and German landings in Norway, 59-61; and evacuation from Dunkirk, 78; demands anti-aircraft guns, 97; opposes sending more tanks through Mediterranean, 178m.

Aerial torpedoes, British development of, 212

Air attack(s), on Dunkirk beaches, 79; on British lighter airfields, 95, 99-100, 102-3; provokes retaliation, 102; vulnerability of capital ships to, 214, 216, 226-7; on merchant shipping, 371, 377, 382, 691; preliminary to ‘Overlord’, 537, 547, 603, 606-7, 611, 712; long-distance, on Balkan targets, 574, 577; ‘suicide’, 628-30, 684-686.
See also
Bombardment, preliminary; Incendiary raids; Strategic air offensive, etc.

Air defence, use of bombers considered best for, 591; fighters for, 592; improved German, 596, 601

Air Defence of Great Britain, 96-8

Air Force, British.
See
Royal Air Force

Air Force, German.
See
Luftwaffe

Air Force, Japanese, in 1941, 209; attacks Philippines, 221; on Marianas, 617-19; loss of pilots of, 619; difficulties in training of new pilots, 620; Kamikaze tactics of, 627-9, 684-6

Army, in Malaya, 228; fighter groups, kept at home, 345; in Solomons and New Guinea (6th and 7th Divisions), 501-2, 508; in Philippines (4th Air Army), 621

Navy, at Formosa (11th Air Fleet), 209; attacks at Pearl Harbor, 212-13, 216; at Midway battle, 349-53; losses in, off Guadalcanal, 360-2; at Rabaul (11th Air Fleet), 501

Air Force, Polish, 28

Air Force, Russian, bombs Kleist’s army, 254

Air Force, United States Army, raids Tokyo, 344-5, 631-2, 690-1; on Guadalcanal, 360; strategic daylight raids of, on Germany, 599, 602-4, 609, 612; long-range fighter escorts of, 603-4, 612; losses in, in German raids, 603-4, 608; attacks oil targets, 607-9; strategic raids of, on Japan, 690-1, 702

5th, 629

8th, 599, 601, 604, 606-8

10th, 364

15th, 604, 607

20th, 690

21st, 690

Navy, at Midway battle, 350-2; raids Japan, 684.
See also
Aircraft carriers, U.S.

Air supply: of advancing tanks, 161; of German troops in bastion-towns of Russia, 242-3; of China, 364; Chindits dependent on, 367-8; stoppage of, in Burma, due to withdrawal of transport planes, 563, 566; to Warsaw, hampered by Russia, 583; of army in Burma, 633, 635, 637-8

Air support, lacking for Allies in Crete, 135; German, in Crete, 137-8; in tank warfare, 161; diminishing, in Stalingrad, 260; value of, at Alam Haifa, 296; fleets at risk without, 353; for convoys, 377, 381; Montgomery’s superiority in, 412, 419; Axis forces in Tunisia deprived of, 427; for landings on Sicily, 441, 443; Allies’ over-dependence on, 456, 460, 466, 474; British, at Imphal, 519-20.

Air supremacy, at Alamein, 298-9; in Sicily, 441; for ‘Overlord’, 547, 549, 599, 602; essential for strategic bombing, 596, 598; struggle for, on coast of France, 598; in Burma Campaign, 638; of Allies in West, 649, 651; of Allies in Italy, 671, 712.
See also
Chapters 8 and 33

Airborne operations: Anglo-American, in Sicily, 441-2; planned drop of U.S. troops on Rome, 452-3, 455; Allied, in Pacific, 505; in Burma, 517; Allied, on Arnhem, 560; superfluous, near Tournai, 563-4; on Philippines, 629; abortive German, in Ardennes offensive, 650

Airborne troops, German, spearhead invasion of Holland and Belgium by, 66-9; to land in Britain, 89; Crete captured by, 135-8; Hitler discouraged by losses in, 138-9; in Russian campaign, 255; in Sicily, 444.
See also
Parachute troops

Aircraft, in anti-submarine work, 377, 385, 389; long-range, for convoy escort duties, 381, 389; in support of U-boats, 390 — 1; land-based, unable to cope with fast carrier forces, 507; long-range, for bomber escort duties, 577

Australian, in S.W. Pacific area, 502

Axis, removed from Tunisia, 427

Aircraft, British, in Battle of Britain, 92; speed of production of, 92, 94; equipped with machine-guns and cannon, 92; superiority in numbers in N. Africa, 183; in Malaya, 209, 224, 231; sent to India, 364; fitted with anti-submarine Leigh Lights, 377, 385; shortage of (1942), 383; 10-centimetre radar fitted to, 385; lost on anti-submarine work, 390; shortage of transport, 466; none suitable, in 1939, for strategic bombing, 591.
See also
under aircraft names in General Index

Aircraft, German, in Battle of Britain, 91-3; speed of production of, 92; in N. Africa, 183, 338; long-range, 371, 382; scarcity of, on Western front in 1944, 559; jet-fighter, 609, 611.
See also
under aircraft names in General Index

Aircraft, Japanese, used at Pearl Harbor, 213-14; lost at Midway and Guadalcanal, 360-2, 498; inadequate production of, 506; lost in attacks on Truk, 512-13; withdrawn from Bismarcks, 513; destroyed in New Guinea, 615; destroyed in Battle of Philippine Sea, 618-19.
See also
under aircraft names in General Index

Aircraft, United States, destroyed at Pearl Harbor, 213, 216-17; destroyed on Philippines, 221; sent to India, 364; long-range reconnaissance, 381; in S.W. Pacific operations, 502; in attacks on Gilberts and Marshalls, 510-13; rocket-firing, at Marianas, 618; reconnaissance, at Battle of Philippine Sea, 619; reconnaissance, at Battle of Leyte Gulf, 624; cargo, supply army in Burma, 633, 637-8; based in China, 690.
See also
under aircraft names in General Index

Aircraft-carriers, need of battleships for, 225, 628; battles between, in Coral Sea and at Midway, 346-53

Aircraft-carriers, British,
Prince of Wales
and
Repulse
sail without, 225; withdrawn from submarine-hunting, 370; convoy escort, 382-3

Aircraft-carriers, Japanese, in Pacific (1941), 208 — 9; in attack on Pearl Harbor, 212-13, 217; in Battle of Coral Sea, 346-9; in Battle of Midway, 349-51; loss of, 351-3, 498, 619; in Battle of Philippine Sea, 618-19; used as decoys, 621, 623-7; without aircraft, 623; little done to develop, 621-2; loss of, at Leyte, 627; loss makes battleships useless, 628

Aircraft-carriers, U.S., Pearl Harbor (Dec. 1941), 213, 216-17; air-raids on Japan from, 344-5 , 684; in Battle of Coral Sea, 346-9; in Battle of Midway, 350-2; ‘
Essex’
class, 353; fast, 499; operate successfully against land-based aircraft, 507, 511; cripple enemy base without occupying it, 512-13; in Battle of Philippine Sea, 617-19; escort, in Leyte Gulf, 625-7; Kamikaze attacks on, 627-9, 684.
See also
Navy, U.S., Fast Carrier Force

Airfields, German bombing of British fighter (1940), 95, 99-100, 102-3; German capture of Cretan, 138; Malayan, 224-5; capture of N.W. African, 321, 324-5; Papuan, 355-6; building of, in India, 363; attempt to capture Akyab, 365-6; bombing of, in Sicily, 441; capture of New Guinea, 615 — 617; for use in attacking Japan, 617, 630-1, 683; for use in attacking Philippines, 617, 621

Airlift, of German troops and supplies to Tunis, 329

Air-sea rescue service, German, 96 Allied Airborne Army, First, at Arnhem, 560

American Volunteer Group, 235

Amphibious force, U.S., for S.W. Pacific operations, 503, 505-6; in Central Pacific operations, 510 5th Amphibious Corps, 510

Amphibious operations: Japanese skill in, 209, 213; Anglo-American, in Tunisia, 321-326, 337; Japanese, preparation for, in Pacific, 346; American, at Guadalcanal, 358; to take S. Burma, 364, 632-3, 637-8; projected, on Akyab Island, 365-6, 515; Anglo-American, in Sicily, 439-43, 445-6; British, in Calabria, 456-8; Anglo-American, at Salerno, 456, 458-64; Allies fail to make use of, in Italy, 474-5; Allied, in S.W. Pacific, 505-6, 615; against Gilbert Islands, 510-11; at Anzio, 520, 526-8; simulated, in Italy, 534, 672; Anglo-American, in Normandy, 543-50; Allied, in Philippines, 623, 626; American, on Okinawa, 683-6; in Sarawak, 689

‘Avalanche’, 456, 458-64

‘Baytown’, 456-8

‘Dracula’, 632, 634, 637-8

‘Husky’, 439-44

‘Iceberg’, 683-5

‘Overlord’, 543-50

‘Torch’, 310-33

Amphibious vehicles, DUKW, 439; Amphtracks, 511-12; tanks, 671, 678

Anti-Aircraft Command, British, 96-8

Anti-aircraft groups, convoy duty of, 382

Anti-aircraft guns, German, 71; British, 97-98; in Battle of Britain, 96, 100, 102, 105; used by Rommel in anti-tank role, 177, 179-81; of
Prince of Wales,
226

Anti-aircraft system, German, 597-8

Anti-submarine campaign, aircraft-carriers withdrawn from, 370; aircraft in, 377, 385, 389; under Noble, 382, 387; under Horton, 387-9; new British devices for, 385, 389

Anti-tank guns, superiority of British over German, 177, 271; Rommel’s use of anti-aircraft guns as, 177, 179-81; Rommel uses, in close combination with tanks, 181, 188, 195, 267, 271; improved German, 183-4; improved British, 271; Rommel loses advantage in, 298; Russian ‘76s’, 298; U.S. 37-mm, 338; German, in Tunisia, 419-20, 422

Anti-torpedo nets, U.S. Pacific Fleet without, in Pearl Harbor, 212-13, 216 Appeasement policy, 6-7, 9-11, 15 Area-bombing: of Germany, 594, 605, 607, 609-12; of Japan, 691

Armoured divisions: French failure to organise tanks into, 21, 707; German, 22; British acceptance of need for, 76n.; fundamental flaw in German, in invasion of Russia, 158; British, operate in slow tempo, 429; uneconomic in fighting power to maintain below establishment, 486

Armoured Force, Experimental, 20

Armoured warfare.
See
Tank warfare, Tanks, etc.

Armoured-car regiment, 112

Armour-piercing shells used as bombs by Japanese, 212

Army, Australian, in N. Africa, 114, 119, 173, 183; in Crete, 135; in Malaya, 224, 228; recalled from N. Africa for home defence, 353, 355; in S.W. Pacific operations, 355, 502-3, 616, 618; in mopping-up Pacific operations, 687-8