History of the Second World War (133 page)

Holland, Vice-Admiral L., 377-8

Hollandia, New Guinea, 615-16

Holmes, Lieut.-General Sir William, 279

Homma, General, 222-3

Homs, 398-9

Honda, Lieut-General M., 515, 635-6, 687

Hong Kong, fall of, 203, 219-21, 343; British troops in, 208; reinforced despite impossibility of holding, 220; raids on Japanese base and shipping in, 629

Honolulu, Intelligence officers in Japanese consulate in, 212, 216

Hood
; H.M.S., 377-8

Hopkins, Harry S., 232, 312, 693

Hoppner, General E., 68-9

Hore-Belisha, Leslie, Secretary of State for War, 11n., 41, 109; strengthens Singapore’s garrison, 230

Hornchurch sector station, 95, 102

Hornet,
U.S.S., 344-6, 350, 352

Horrocks, Lieut.-General Sir Brian, in Western Desert, 290, 295, 301; on Mareth Line, 417-18, 421; in Tunisia, 424-7; slow response to opportunity, 429; on failure to seize Albert Canal bridges, 567; in Ardennes offensive, 657

Horton, Admiral Sir Max, anti-submarine measures of, 387-9

Hossbach Memoranda, 7-8

Hotblack, Major-General F. E., 62

Hoth, General H., 70, 72, 84; in Russian invasion, 159-60, 166

Houffalize, 653

Htizwe, 365

Hube, General H. V., 445

Hudson, Robert, 10

Hull, Colonel R. A., 335, 338

Humboldt Bay, New Guinea, 615

Hungary, and German invasion of Russia, 149-50, 153; Germans occupy, 573; Russians in, 586

Huon, Peninsula, 357, 504-6, 508; Gulf, 503

Hurricane, Hawker, in Battle of Britain, 92, 94-5, 98, 103, 592; in Burma, 235; in N. Africa, 270; in India, 364

‘Husky, Operation’, 439-44

Hutton, Lieut.-General T. J., 234-5

Huy, 645, 654

‘Iceberg, Operation’, 683-6

Iceland, 380, 394

Iida, Lieut.-General S., 233, 365

Il Gioga Pass, 541

Ilmen, Lake, 483, 576

Imphal, Battle of, 368, 513, 518-20; Japanese aim for, 515

Indaw, 517, 635

India, air strength in, 235-6, 364; forces in Burma retreat to, 236, 362; threat to sea-route to, 237; difficulties of building up as base, 363; civil disobedience campaign in, 363; diminished risk of seaborne invasion of, 364; Japanese invasion of, 368, 513, 518-20; developed as major base, 633; American bombers based on, 690

India Command, difficulties of, in planning recovery of Burma, 363-5; Chinese forces under, 364; builds up air strength, 364; reorganised by Wavell, 364; Arakan offensive of, 365-6; plans for, in 1943-4, 368-9; responsible for training, 515

Indian National Army division in Japanese Army, 515, 520

Indian Ocean, danger from Japanese Navy in, 236-7; in British sphere, 346; need for British fleet in, for seaborne conquest of Rangoon, 364; U-boat sinkings in, 390

Indin, 365

Indo-China, Japan takes over from French, 199, 206-7; invasion of Malaya from, 224, 226; raiding of Japanese bases and shipping in, 629

Inkerman, 576

Inskip, Sir Thomas, 592

Insterburg, 667; Gap, 582, 584, 588

Ipo dam, Luzon, 689

Ireland, shipping in hazard S. of, 371; shipping moves normally round, 392; refuses use of ports to Allies, 394

Ironside, Field-Marshal Lord, 17, 59

Irrawaddy River, blowing up of Ava bridge over, 236; Chindits in valley of, 368, 518; Japanese hold passes to, 634; Slim’s forces reach and cross, 635-6; Japanese hope to hold, 637; operations to stop Japanese crossing, 687

Irwin, General Noel, 365

‘Isabella, Operation’, 153

Italian East Africa, 109; conquest of, 121-7

Italian Somaliland, advance from Kenya into, 124-5, 184

Italy, threat to France from, 18; lacks raw materials for war, 23-4; declares war, 85, 109; French armistice with, 86; invades Greece, 115, 145; Japan’s alliance with, 205-6; robbed of defenders by surrenders in Tunisia, 435; Mussolini’s fear of German domination of, 436; intensifying pressure on, 438; escape of Axis forces from Sicily to, 440, 445-6; Mussolini overthrown in, 445-6; few troops defending S., 446, 450, 452, 457-8; capitulation of, 450, 452-4, 458, 460; absorbs high proportion of Germany’s resources, 450; Allies’ frustration in, brings ultimate benefit, 450; Hitler prepared to abandon leg of, 454-5, 523; Hitler reinforces, 470; holding German forces in, to help ‘Overlord’, 523, 526, 532-3; difficult terrain in, 526, 537; Alexander plans conquest of N., 537; Allied heavy-bomber raids E. from, 574; 15th U.S.A.A.F. operates from, 604; collapse of Hitler’s hold on, 670-4; uprising of partisans in, 674; surrender of Germans in, 674-5, 680-1

Campaign in:
447-68, 523-42; Eighth Army lands on toe of, 452, 456-8, 473-4; Salerno landings on, 452-3, 455-6, 462-5, 473-4; Allies’ lost opportunities in, 455-6, 473-4; landing on heel of, 456, 466-8, 474; German preparations for, 458-9; slow advance of Allies in, 458, 465-70, 473, 523, 542, 712; disappointing result of, 473-5, 523, 542; Allies make poor choice of landing sites in, 473-4; failure to use available amphibious power in, 474-5; modified aim of, 523; troops withdrawn from, for ‘Overlord’, 523, 542; Anzio landing in, 526-8; 1944 spring offensive of, 532-6; comparative absorption of strength in, 536; strategic effect of, 536-7

Iwabuchi, Rear-Admiral S., 630

Iwo Jima Island, 616, 620, 683; capture of, 630-1

Izyum, 248-9, 480, 482, 484

Japan, lacks raw materials for war, 23, 682; cut off from economic resources, 182, 199, 206-7, 210; invades China, 199; enters war, 199, 207, 711; gains control of Pacific, 202, 217; attacks Pearl Harbor, 202, 207, 209, 216-17, 711; takes Singapore, 202-3, 228-30, 233; extent of conquests of, 203, 711; and cutting of Burma Road, 203, 210, 236; expansionist aims of, 204-5, 210; grievances of, against Western Powers, 204-205; joins Axis Powers, 205-6; makes neutrality pact with Russia, 206; U.S. break diplomatic code of, 209-10; encouraged by Axis success, 210; timing of three-stage war-plan of, 210; mistimes declaration of war on U.S.A., 217; attacks Russian Fleet at Port Arthur (1904), 217-218; takes Hong Kong, 220-1; takes Philippines, 221-4; takes Malaya, 224-5, 227-30; takes Burma, 233-6, 362; achievement of aims of, 343, 362-3; air-raids on, 344-5, 631-2, 684. 690-1; dual effort of, 345; renews offensive in Burma, 368, 498, 513-16, 518-20; concentric rings of defence of, 498; Allied choice of routes for attack on, 498-9; disagreement between service chiefs on operation in Pacific, 501; precarious military situation of, 506-7; ‘New Operational Policy’ of, 506; economic weakness of, 506; bases for air attacks on, 510-11, 518, 630-1; Allies penetrate inner defence ring of, 613, 617; thrown off balance by two-pronged Pacific attack, 616; new Government of, after Mariana defeats, 620; oil shortage in, 620; aircraft-carrier raid in S. empire of, 629; collapse of, 682-98; a sea empire, dependent on imports, 682; surrender of, 689, 696, 698, 713; U.S. strategic air offensive on, 690-1, 712; capacity for making war at an end, 691-2, 696; question of dropping atomic bomb on, 691-2, 695-8; peace-seeking approaches of, 692-4; atomic bombs dropped on, 696; Russian termination of neutrality pact with, 693; Russian terms for going to war with, 693; occupation of, 693, 697; Russia declares war on, 696; overstretched by conquests, 711

Jarabub Oasis, 191

Jassy, 573-5, 584

Java, 203, 207

Jean Bart,
the, 322-3

Jebel Akhdar, 197

Jervis Bay,
the, 374

Jewell, Lieutenant N. A. A., 318

Jijiga, 125

Jitra, 227

Jodl, General Alfred, 39; on standstill of panzer forces, 82; resists appeal to release reserves, 549-50; and plan for Ardennes offensive, 647; mentioned, 38
n.,
87, 143, 444

Johore, 227-8

Joshima, Rear-Admiral T., 617

Joubert de la Ferte, Sir Philip, 383

Juba River, 125

Juin, General A. P., 317-19, 327, 330-1, 534

Jutland, German attack in, 61

Kabaw Valley, 633

Kadok, 637-8

Kahnla, 636

Kairouan, 422-3

Kaga,
the, 351

Kalach, 256, 261, 263

Kaladan valley, 634

Kalemyo, 633, 635

Kalewa, 633

Kalisz, 667

Kalmuk Steppe, 258, 477

Kamensk, 251, 480

Kampar, 227

Karelian Isthmus, 47; Russia seeks re-adjustment of frontier on, 43; fighting in, 44-6; Russian attack through, 578

Kassala, 112, 121

Kassel, 601

Kasserine Pass, 407-9

Katha, 635

Katovice, 668

Kaunas, 582

Kawabe, Lieut.-General, 515, 518

Kedah, 225

Keightley, Major-General C. F., 422, 673

Keitel, Field-Marshal W., 82; on ‘Barbarossa’ plan, 149-50, 153

Kemijarvi, 44, 46

Kenley sector station, 95; raid on, 101

Kenya, Italian threat to, 109; British East African troops in, 121; British build-up in, 124; advance into Italian Somaliland from, 125

Kerama Retto Islands, 684

Kerch, 248, 573; Peninsula, 248; Straits, 248, 253, 477, 493

Keren, Battle of, 126

Keru, 126

Kesselring, Field-Marshal Albert, and Battle of Britain, 90, 98, 102; switches effort to raiding London, 104-6; attacks Malta, 269; first opposes then agrees to advance in Africa, 277; demands holding of Mersa Brega, 308-9; orders offensive action in Tunisia, 339; orders withdrawal, 409; and Arnim’s change in plan, 410-11; Rommel reports to, on conditions in Tunisia, 412; and Mareth Line, 416; decides to evacuate Sicily, 445; fears Allied landing in Calabria, 446; successfully defends Italy, 450, 456, 459, 469-70, 523; H.Q. of, at Frascati, 452; and Italian capitulation, 453-4, 523; on Allies’ missed opportunity in Italy, 455, 473-4; authorises withdrawal from Salerno, 465; commands all German forces in Italy, 470; reinforcements to, 470, 472, 538; and Anzio landing, 527-8; slow to send reserves south, 534; checks Allies’ exploitation of success, 538-9; regrouping of forces of, 539; and attack on Gothic Line, 539-41; injured in accident, 541; succeeds Rundstedt on Western Front, 671; and surrender in Italy, 674-5; mentioned, 436

Keyes, Major-General Geoffrey, 472

Keyes, Admiral Sir Roger, 77

Kharkov, Germans hold as bastion town, 241, 489; Timoshenko’s offensive towards, 248; German attack from, 249, 251; Russians drive to and capture, 480-1, 491; Germans regain, 483-4

Khartoum, 121

Khersen, 572

Khersonese Peninsula, 576

Kiari, 506

Kiel, air raid on, 603

Kielce, 29, 665-6

Kiev, German advance to, 149, 159; taking of, 167; Russians draw nearer to, 491, 493; capture of, 494-5; Russians advance from salient at, 569-70

Kimmel, Admiral Husband E., 213

Kimura, General H., 633

King, Fleet Admiral E. J., and landings in North-west Africa, 311-13; backs offensive in Pacific, 356-7; at Casablanca Conference, 438; suggests by-passing Philippines, 620; on naval blockade of Japan, 697

King, Major-General E. P., surrenders in Philippines, 223

King George V,
379

Kinkaid, Vice-Admiral T. C., 7th Fleet of, 622, 627-8; at Battle of Leyte Gulf, 624-7; at landing on Luzon, 629

Kippenberger, Major-General Sir Howard, 278

Kiriwina Island, 503

Kiroshima
, the, 362

Kirovograd, 488, 569

Kishinev, 575

Kiska, 352, 500-1

Kismayu, 125

Kittyhawk (Curtiss-Wright P.40D), 270

Kleist, Field-Marshal E. von, panzer corps of, in Poland, 29, 31; commands panzer attack in West, 70-2, 75, 80, 82, 258; at Battle of Somme, 84-5; on cause of postponement of Russian invasion, 132; panzer group of, in Balkan campaign, 133; panzer group of, in Russia, 148, 165-7, 248, 251, 254-5; in command, Army Group A in Caucasus, 477; threat to line of retreat of, 477, 480-1; reaches Rostov, 478-9; doubts possibility of victory in Russia, 484; in charge of Crimea and Kuban, 485; S. of Dnieper bend, 493-4; relieved by Schoner, 574