Authors: Martin Duberman
7
. EH,
Ceremonies
, 146; Belton,
speak my name
, 217; EH to Wayson Jones, July 23, 1994, EH/WJSC; EH to Barbara Smith, May 16, 1995, courtesy Smith.
8
. EH,
Ceremonies
, 77, 79.
9
. EH,
Domestic Life
, courtesy Wayson Jones.
10
. Interview with Wayson Jones, May 2009; EH,
Domestic Life
, courtesy W.J.
11
. Interviews with Wayson Jones and Chris Prince, May 2009; EH, “Vital Signs,” in Avena,
Life Sentences
, 36–38.
12
. EH, “Vital Signs,” in Avena,
Life Sentences
, 50–51; interview with Ron Simmons, May 2009; Regie Cabico, “Poetic Ancestors,”
Beltway Poetry Quarterly
, Fall 2012, quoting Chuck Tarver (rattle); Chuck Tarver to GLBPOS, n.d., EH/WJSC.
13
. Interviews with Chris Prince and Ron Simmons, May 2009; EH,
Domestic Life
; EH, “The Tomb of Sorrow,”
Ceremonies
, 90; Chuck Tarver, “Take Care of Your Blessings,”
http://www.qrd.org/qrd/www/culture/black/essex/blessings.html
; Wayson Jones’ commentary on manuscript, April 15, 2013.
14
. Interview with Michelle Parkerson, May 1, 2009; program for “Victory Celebration,” November 9, 1995, courtesy Barbara Smith.
15
. Ron Simmons, “Testimonial for Essex Hemphill Celebration Service,” SC. Later, Michelle Parkerson edited a montage of Essex’s work in film and video. Lois Holmes, one of Essex’s sisters, printed an angry rebuttal to criticisms of the family’s behavior: “An Open Letter for Essex, My Brother,”
Standards
, January 13, 1996.
16
.
[email protected]
, November 1995, and “James Miles,” November 13, 1995, SC; the press release for the Philadelphia celebration, which Sonia Sanchez, Houston Baker, and Dorothy Beam, among others, attended, is from BSP.
Abundant Life Clinic (Washington, D.C.),
84
Abyssinian Baptist Church (Harlem),
139
and AZT controversy,
129–31
Callen and,
129
,
164
,
192
,
194–96
,
222
,
257
and CRI,
194–96
dissent/divisions over race, gender, class,
188–93
,
222–23
,
257
“drugs into bodies” slogan,
92
,
188–89
,
192
,
194
,
222
,
228
FDA protest (1988),
185–86
Hemphill and,
215
Majority Action Committee (MAC),
189–90
,
191–93
nonviolent direct action protests,
129
,
152–53
,
184–90
,
193
,
256–57
“parallel” drug trial proposal,
162
,
186
prochoice stance,
187
Shilts’s 1991
Advocate
story on,
192
,
256
St. Patrick’s Cathedral demonstration (1989),
187–88
Treatment Action Group (TAG),
189
,
223
,
257
,
322n11
ACT UP/Golden Gate,
188–89
ACT UP/New York,
185–90
,
191–92
,
217
ACT UP/San Francisco,
188–89
ACT-UP’s Treatment and Data (T&D) Committee,
130–31
,
185
,
189
,
191
,
192
,
195–96
,
222–23
,
257
The Advocate
,
57
,
58
,
75
,
114
,
115
,
159–60
,
192
,
256
Africa
heterosexuals and AIDS transmission,
x
,
xi
,
65
,
98
,
262
,
314n11
,
326n9
Kemron drug therapy,
190
theories about AIDS,
314n11
,
326n9
Africa, Ramona,
106
African American literature,
172–73
Agosto, Moisés,
191
AIDS Candlelight Vigil,
202
AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG),
145–46
AIDS crisis (city-level responses)
New York,
60–61
,
122
,
137–38
,
183–85
,
187
,
188
Washington, D.C.,
83–89
,
139–40
,
175
AIDS crisis (U.S. federal responses),
60
,
71
,
120
,
121
,
140
,
149
,
150
Clinton administration,
262–63
and direct-action protests,
152–56
,
164
Justice Department ruling on AIDS in the workplace,
156
racism and,
153–54
Reagan administration,
14–15
,
49–50
,
83
,
121
,
140
,
149
,
153–55
,
223
AIDS crisis (U.S. public responses)
abrogation of gay civil rights,
60
,
122
,
154
calls for forced blood tests,
121
,
122
and changing American views of homosexuality,
193–94
,
218
demonization and public invective against gay people,
121–24
,
154
,
263
dismissiveness and denial,
x
,
57–58
hysteria, paranoia, and irrational fears,
59–60
,
72–73
,
121–22
,
140
,
154
,
178
quarantine recommendations,
60
,
61
,
121–22
,
138–39
,
153
,
154
AIDS crisis and the black community,
83–89
,
138–43
,
175
black churches,
85–87
,
139
,
213
,
241–42
black gay and lesbian community,
84–85
,
112–13
,
120
,
138–43
,
212–13
,
216
,
262
drug trials and people of color,
137
,
138–39
,
147–48
,
150
infection rates,
xi
,
86
,
113
,
137
,
139
,
175
,
262
AIDS Medical Foundation,
73
,
96
,
309n3
.
See also
American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR)
AIDS Network,
64
AIDS Project Los Angeles,
302
AIDS research, funding for,
15
,
50
,
60
,
83
,
140
,
145–52
,
153–54
.
See also
American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR)
;
Community Research Initiative (CRI)
;
drug trials and drug therapies
AIDS Treatment News
,
130
AIDS Walk,
202
The AIDS War
(Lauritsen),
100
Allen, Peter Lewis,
49–50
alternative therapies,
53
,
64
,
132–34
,
272–75
aloe vera juice,
272
Callen and,
132–34
,
164
,
272–75
,
327n3
egg yolk lecithin extract,
133
,
194
prayer,
133–34
Us Helping Us programs,
292–93
Altman, Dennis,
70
Altman, Lawrence,
13–14
Alyson Publications,
111
,
114–15
,
167
,
245
,
321n14
American Academy of Dermatologists,
161
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU),
73
,
123–24
American Family Association,
206–7
American Film Institute,
205
,
245
American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR),
73
,
96
,
146
,
198–200
and Callen,
199
and Krim,
73
,
96
,
198–200
,
309n3
,
318n1
,
323n14
and Sonnabend,
73
,
96
,
309n3
,
312n17
,
318n1
,
323n14
American Library Association’s Gay and Lesbian Literary Award,
241
American Psychiatric Association,
14
American Psychoanalytic Association,
193
American Public Health Association,
113
,
125
,
136
American Roland Company,
133
amfAR.
See
American Foundation for AIDS Research (amfAR)
anal sex, unprotected,
46
,
69–70
,
162–64
,
220–21
,
231
,
324n3
Anderson, Kathy,
30
Anderson, Melody,
274
Andrews, Julie,
4
Andriote, John-Manuel,
x
Angels of Light,
52
Annals of Internal Medicine
,
46
Anthem
(short film),
209
Anzaldúa, Gloria,
105
Apuzzo, Virginia (Ginny),
64
,
67
,
88–89
,
90
,
91
ARISE
(publication),
32
Armstrong, Donald,
151
Ascension Poetry Reading Series at Howard University’s Founders Library,
30–31
Association for the Prevention and Treatment of Drug Abuse,
183
Association of Black Gays,
28
Atkinson, Nicole,
294
Atlanta University,
86
Au Courant
(alternative Philadelphia paper),
32
,
75
Avena, Thomas,
264–65