Read How to Read a Paper: The Basics of Evidence-Based Medicine Online
Authors: Trisha Greenhalgh
hierarchy of evidence
pharmaceutical industry
traditional
histogram
holistic perspective
human factor
human resources
HYE (Healthy Years Equivalent)
hypercholesterolaemia
‘hypoactive sexual desire’, female
hypothesis,
null
‘illness scripts’
implementation
clinical guidelines
guidelines
IMRAD format
inadequate optimisation
inception cohort
incremental cost
independence, editorial
indirect costs
individualised approaches
induced delivery
inductive reasoning
industry, pharmaceutical,
see
pharmaceutical industry
infertility
informal browsing
information ‘jungle’
information needs
informed choice
‘informed consent’
intangible costs
integrated care pathways
‘integrated’ EBM teaching
inter-rater reliability
internet-accessible format
interventions
complex
CONSORT checklist
cost analysis
effect of
meta-analyses
organisational
simple
specific educational
interview
qualitative research
see
also questionnaire
invited review
items (questionnaire)
iterative approach
journalistic review
‘jungle’, information
Kappa score
knowledge, collective
knowledge managers
laboratory experiments
learning organisation
least-squares methods
‘length of stay’
level of evidence
lifestyle, health-related
likelihood ratio
nomogram
literature searching
long-term effects
longitudinal survey
looking for answers
‘lumpers and splitters’
mammogram
management theory, classical
Marinker, Marshall
marketing
masking,
see
blinding
Maskrey, Neal
McMaster Health Utilities Index Questionnaire
mean inhibitory concentration (MIC)
mean (statistical)
measurements
mechanistic approach
mediator/moderator effect
medicine
evidence-based,
see
evidence-based medicine
‘narrative-based’
Medline
systematic reviews
meta-analyses
aspirin
interventions
methodological quality
assessment
problematic descriptions
systematic reviews
‘methodologically robust’ evidence
mixed method case study
motorcycle maintenance
multiple interacting components
n
of 1 trial
‘narrative-based medicine’
narrative interview
NAHA (National Association of Health Authorities and Trusts)
National Guideline Clearinghouse
needs assessment
negative predictive value
‘negative’ trials
neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence)
NNT (number needed to treat)
nomogram, likelihood ratio
non-diseases
non-medical factors
non-medical treatments
non-normal data,
see
skewed data
non-parametric tests
non-randomised controlled clinical trials
non-significant results, relevant
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)
normal distribution
‘normal range’
normative orientation
Nottingham Health Profile
null
hypothesis 30
objective of treatment
one-stop shopping
online material
online tutorials, effective searching
operational orientation
opinion leader
opportunity samples, questionnaire research
option grids
organisation, evidence-based
organisational boundaries
organisational case studies
organisational interventions
original studies
original study protocol
CONSORT checklist
OSIRIS patient trial
other-language studies
outcome measures
‘outcomes research’
outliers
p
-value
paired data
papers
economic analyses
guidelines
meta-analyses
methodological quality
qualitative research
quality improvement case studies
questionnaire research
reading
rejection
systematic reviews
‘trashing’
participants
qualitative research
spectrum of
patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs)
patients
advice or education for
evidence application
patient’s perspective
‘typical’
viewpoint
withdrawal from studies
Pearson correlation coefficient
peer review
per-protocol analysis
personal digital assistants (PDAs)
personal experiences
perspective
counting-and-measuring
holistic
patient’s
researcher’s
pharmaceutical industry
evidence-based practice
‘grey literature’
pharmacokinetic measurements
pharmacotherapy (PHA),
see
drug treatments
philosophical-normative orientation
PIER,
see
ACP PIER
pilot trial
piloting, questionnaire research
‘placebo’ effect
clinical research studies
methodological quality
point-of-care resources
policymaking
evidence-based
pooled data
populations
cohort studies
guidelines
qualitative research
questionnaire research
sub-
positive predictive value
post-test probability
postal questionnaire
practical-operational orientation
practice, evidence-based
practice guidelines
pre-appraised sources
pre-test probability
precision
prediction rules, clinical
preliminary statistical questions
prenatal steroid treatment
press cutting
prevalence
primary studies
PRISMA statement
probability
pre-/post-test
problem formulation
process evaluation
professional behaviour
prognosis
progressive focusing
PROMs (patient-reported outcome measures)
prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
protocols
original study protocol
per-protocol analysis
protocol-driven approach
Psychiatry Online
psychological antecedents, context-specific
psychometric studies
psychometric validity
PubMed
purposive sample
Q-TWIST
QADAS (Quality in Diagnostic and Screening tests) checklist
QALY (quality-adjusted life year)
QOF (Quality and Outcomes Framework)
qualitative research
quality
methodological
trial design
quality improvement case studies
quality improvement cycle
‘quality of care’
quality of life
PROMs
‘queries’, clinical
questionnaire
‘questionnaire mugger’
questionnaire research
SF-36 general health
questions
good clinical
preliminary statistical
QUORUM statement
quota sampling frame
r
-value
random samples, questionnaire research
randomised controlled trials (RCTs)
checklist
CONSORT statement
cumulative meta-analyses
hierarchy of evidence
systematic bias
rating scale measurements
reading papers
‘real-life’ circumstances
receptive context for change
recruitment dates, CONSORT checklist
reflexivity
regression (statistical)
rejection, papers
relevant non-significant results
reliability, inter-rater
reporting format, structured
reports, case
reproducible tests
research
design
‘outcomes’
qualitative
questionnaire
research question
researcher’s perspective
secondary
resources, Point-of-care
respiratory distress syndrome, neonatal
response rate
retrospective subgroup analysis
reviews
clinical guidelines
peer
systematic
Richard, Cliff
risk, additional
risk
risk difference,
see
absolute risk reduction
role preference
safety improvement case studies
sample size
CONSORT checklist
sciatica
scientific jargon
screening
mammogram
tests
SD (standard deviation)
search engines, federated
searching
effective
literature
secondary research
clinical guidelines