58
Harold Howe II, “At $60 a day, College is a Bargain: A Room, 3 Meals, Myriad Activities, and an Education,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, May 9, 1988, p. B1.
59
Thomas M. Burton, “Some Small Colleges Survived by Lining Up Very Needy ‘Students,’”
The Wall Street Journal
, December 14, 1990, pp. 1ff.
60
See, for example, “Survey of Financial Aid to Minority Students, 1990-91: Results Compiled by the American Council on Education,” September 13, 1991 (mimeographed).
61
The Red and Blue
(University of Pennsylvania), October 1989, p. 5.
62
“Loss of Advertising,”
The Red and Blue
(University of Pennsylvania), November 1989, unpaged.
63
Andrea Lamberti, “Report Raises Concerns,
The Tech
(M.I.T.), December 7, 1990, p. 1.
64
Dinesh D’Souza,
Illiberal Education: The Politics of Race and Sex on Campus
(New York: Free Press, 1991), p. 9.
65
Derek Bok,
Beyond the Ivory Tower
, p. 103.
66
“President James Duderstadt,”
The Michigan Review
(University of Michigan), September 1988, p. 10.
67
Derek Bok, “What’s Wrong with Our Universities,”
Harvard Magazine
, May-June 1990, p. 44.
68
Many of these studies are summarized and re-examined by Larry L. Leslie and Paul T. Brinkmay, The Economic Value of Higher Education (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1988), though ignoring the scholarly literature which suggests that much of what is attributed to education, as such, may in fact be due to sorting people by ability and persistence—a process which could be performed more cheaply than spending years in expensive institutions.
69
Robin Wilson, “Foreign Students in U.S. Reach a Record 386,000,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, November 28, 1990, p. A36.
70
“Fact File: Foreign Students in U.S. Institutions, 1989-90,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, November 28, 1990, p. A36.
71
Peterson’s National College Databank
(Princeton: Peterson’s Guides, Inc., 1987), p. 42.
72
Ibid.
, pp. 54-55.
73
“Institutions Enrolling the Most Foreign Students, 1988-89,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, September 5, 1990, p. 19.
74
Henry Rosovsky,
The University
, p. 29.
75
“A Conversation with Henry Rosovsky,”
Harvard Gazette
, February 16, 1990, p. 6.
76
Anthony DePalma, “Foreigners Flood U.S. Graduate Schools,” The
New York Times
, November 29, 1990, p. A1.
77
Ibid.
, p. A14; “Characteristics of Recipients of Doctorates 1988,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, September 5, 1990, p. 18.
78
“Characteristics of Recipients of Doctorates 1988,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, September 5, 1990, p. 18.
79
Anthony De Palma, “Foreigners Flood U.S. Graduate Schools,”
New York Times
, November 29, 1990, p. A14.
80
National Center for Educational Statistics,
The Condition of Education /990
(Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990), p. 64.
81
Ibid.
, p. 158.
82
Anthony De Palma, “Foreigners Flood U.S. Graduate Schools,”
New York Times
, November 29, 1990, p. A14.
83
National Center for Educational Statistics,
The Condition of Education 1990
, Vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990), p. 86.
84
“Young people are too independent and exposed to too many points of view on and off the campus to be manipulated for very long by what they hear and do not hear in the seminar room or the lecture hall.” Derek Bok,
The President’s Report, 1989-1990, Harvard University
, p. 12.
85
Derek Bok, “What’s Wrong with our Universities,” Harvard Magazine, May-June 1990, pp. 44, 47.
86
David Dietz, “U.S. Funds Used for Wedding,”
San Francisco Chronicle
, February 15, 1991, p. A2.
87
John Wagner, “University May Retreat on Costs,”
The Stanford Daily
, January 14, 1991, p. 1.
88
“Kennedy Sees No Evidence of Wrongdoing on Cost Recovery,”
Stanford University Campus Report
, January 9, 1991, pp. 14, 15.
89
Jeff Gottlieb, “U.S. Probe of Stanford May Cost Other Schools,”
San Jose Mercury News
, January 22, 1991, pp. 1A, 6A.
90
“Harvard Withdraws $500,000 of Overhead,”
The Stanford University Campus Report
, April 10, 1991, p. 4.
91
Colleen Cordes, “Angry Lawmakers Grill Stanford’s Kennedy on Research Cost,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, March 20, 1991, p. A27.
92
Katherine Shim, “M.I.T. to Pay back Government $731,000,”
The Tech
(M.I.T.), April 26, 1991, p. 1.
93
Colleen Cordes, “Angry Lawmakers Grill Stanford’s Kennedy on Research Cost,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, March 20, 1991, p. A27.
94
Colleen Cordes, “As Congress Fumes, More Universities Withdraw Overhead Charges,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, May 8, 1991, p. A21.
95
Hugo Restall, “Dartmouth Accused of Abusing Grants,”
The Dartmouth Review
, May 15, 1991, p. 7.
96
William R. Cotter, “Colleges’ Efforts to Rationalize the Financial-Aid System Should Not Be Treated as Violations of Antitrust Laws,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, September 6, 1989, pp. B1, B2.
97
Ibid.
, p. B2.
98
Joseph Berger, “College Officials Defend Sharply Rising Tuition,”
New York Times
, March 23, 1988, p. 18.
99
“Fitzsimmons Answers Questions on Admissions and Financial Aid,”
Harvard Alumni Gazette
, February 1990, p. 26.
100
The Editors of the Chronicle of Higher Education,
The Almanac of Higher Education 1989-90
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989), p. 54.
101
Ibid.
, p. 57.
102
Hans Mark, “Now is No Time to Shortchange Higher Learning,”
Dallas Morning News
, December 30, 1990, p. 4.
103
The Editors of the Chronicle of Higher Education,
The Almanac of Higher Education 1989-90
, p. 54.
104
Howard R. Bowen and Jack H. Schuster,
American Professors: A National Resource Imperilled
(New York: Oxford University Press, 1986), p. 235.
105
Richard A. Epstein and Saunders MacLane, “Keep Mandatory Retirement for Tenured Faculty,”
Regulation
, Spring 1991, p. 87.
106
Ibid.
107
Bernard D. Davis,
Storm over Biology
(Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1986), p. 179.
108
See, for example, Andrew Oldenquist, “Tenure: Academe’s Peculiar Institution,”
Morality, Responsibility, and the University: Studies in Academic Ethics
, edited by Steven M. Cahn (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990), p. 65.
109
Howard R. Bowen and Jack H. Schuster,
American Professors
, p. v.
110
Ibid.
, p. 147.
111
Ibid.
, pp. 45, 46.
112
Henry Rosovsky, The University, p. 177.
113
Howard R. Bowen and Jack H. Shuster,
American Professors
, pp. 148-150.
114
Derek Bok,
Beyond the Ivory Tower
, p. 20.
115
Ibid.
, p. 22.
116
Ibid.
, p. 24.
117
Les Csorba II,
Appeasing the Censors: A Special Report on Campus Free Speech Abuses
(Washington, D.C.: Accuracy in Academia, undated), pp. 20-26.
118
“The Dude’s Been Called Worse,”
Michigan Review
, March 1990, p. 9.
119
Kathleen O’Toole, “Alumni Ask About Racial Issues,”
Stanford Observer
, January-February 1990, p. 10.
120
Kimberly Naahielua, “Admitting Goals,”
The Virginia Advocate
(University of Virginia), April 1991, p. 7.
121
See, for example, John Larew, “Why are Droves of Unqualified, Unprepared Kids Getting into Our Top Colleges? Because Their Dads Are Alumni?”
The Washington Monthly
, June 1991, pp. 10-14.
122
Benjamin DeMott, “Legally Sanctioned Special Advantages Are a Way of Life in the United States,”
The Chronicle of Higher Education
, February 27, 1991, p. A40.
123
Paul Hollander,
Anti-Americanism
, p. 209.
124
Davidson Goldin, “Report Says Suburban Minorities At Cornell Outnumber Urbanites,”
Cornell Daily Sun
, March 13, 1990, p. 3.