Authors: Dr Paul Offit
215
Smallpox epidemiology: S. Plotkin, W. Orenstein, and P. Offit, eds.,
Vaccines
, 6th ed. (Philadelphia: Saunders, 2012), 719â22.
215
Polio epidemiology: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: “Outbreaks Following Wild Poliovirus ImportationsâEurope, Africa, and Asia, January 2009âSeptember 2010,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
59 (2010): 1393â99.
216
Hepatitis B virus epidemiology: G. L. Armstrong, E. F. Mast, M. Wojczynski and H. S. Margolis, “Childhood Hepatitis B Virus Infections in the United States Before Hepatitis B Immunization,”
Pediatrics
108 (2001): 1123â28.
216
Buttar warns against swine flu vaccine: “Dr. Rashid A. Buttar Speaks on the N1H1 [
sic
] Swine Flu Vaccine,” www.youtube.com/watch?v=qcclPdWmzmk, October 5, 2009.
216
Swine flu epidemiology: “2009 H1N1 Flu: Situation Update,” May 28, 2010, CDC.gov, http://cdc.gov/h1n1flu/update.htm.
216
Swine flu vaccine safety: “Safety of Influenza A (H1N1) 2009 Monovalent VaccinesâUnited States, October 1âNovember 24, 2009,”
Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
58 (2009): 1â6.
217
Buttar trial before North Carolina Board of Medical Examiners:
In the Matter of Rashid Ali Buttar, D. O., Before the North Carolina Medical Board,
April 24, 2008 (testimony by Rashid Buttar).
218
Buttar asked to change consent form: S. Barrett, “Rashid Buttar Reprimanded,”
Casewatch
, www.casewatch.org/board/med/buttar/consent_2010.shtml.
C
HAPTER 11:
T
HE
R
EMARKABLY
P
OWERFUL,
H
IGHLY
U
NDERRATED
P
LACEBO
R
ESPONSE
224
Acupuncture studies: Singh and Ernst,
Trick or Treatment
, 77â88; P. White, F. L. Bishop, P. Prescott, et al., “Practice, Practitioner, or Placebo? A Multifactorial, Mixed-Methods Randomized Controlled Trial of Acupuncture,”
Pain: Journal of the International Association for the Study of Pain
, December 12, 2011, doi: 10.1016/jpain 2011.11.007.
224
Novella background: D. Gorski, “The Trouble with Dr. Oz,”
Science-Based Medicine
blog, www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/?p=12208.
224
Oz regarding Novella's opinions on acupuncture: “Controversial Medicine: Alternative Health,”
The Dr. Oz Show,
www.doctoroz.com/videos/alternative-medicine-controversy-pt-1.
224
Novella regarding acupuncture: Ibid.
225
Nurse and morphine: D. A. Lessing, K. Madden, S. Marlan, eds.,
Encyclopedia of Psychology and Religion
(New York: Springer Publishing Co., 2009).
225
Unicorn horns: A. Shapiro and E. Shapiro,
The Powerful Placebo: From Ancient Priest to Modern Physician
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1997), 14.
225
Vitamin O: R. Park,
Voodoo Science: The Road from Foolishness to Fraud
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 46â49.
227
Therapist's attitude and placebo effect: W. G. Thompson,
The Placebo Effect and Health: Combining Science and Compassionate Care
(Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 2005), 182.
227
Kaptchuk regarding personality: M. Specter, “The Power of Nothing,”
The New Yorker
, December 12, 2011.
227
Blau regarding pathologist: Park,
Voodoo Science
, 49.
228
John Diamond regarding alternative medicine: Diamond,
Snake Oil
, 34.
229
Postcards from the Edge
quote:
Postcards from the Edge
, directed by Mike Nichols (1990; Culver City, Calif.: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment, 2001).
230
Levine study: J. D. Levine, N. C. Gordon, and H. L. Fields, “The Mechanism of Placebo Analgesia,”
Lancet
312 (1978): 654â57.
230
Endorphin findings reproduced: F. Benedetti,
Placebo Effects: Understanding the Mechanisms in Health and Disease
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 63â98.
231
Acupuncture and endorphins: V. Clement-Jones, L. McLoughlin, S. Tomlin, et al., “Increased Beta-Endorphin But Not Met-Enkephalin Levels in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid After Acupuncture for Recurrent Pain,”
Lancet
2 (1980): 946â49.
232
Caplan regarding ethics of deception in medicine: Art Caplan, interviewed by the author, September 20, 2011.
232
Caplan regarding deceptions by mainstream clinicians: Ibid.
233
Racetrack study: R. E. Knox and J. A. Inkster, “Postdecision Dissonance at Post Time,”
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
8 (1968): 319â23.
233
JAMA
pain study: R. L. Waber, B. Shiv, Z. Carmon, and D. Ariely, “Commercial Features of Placebo and Therapeutic Efficacy,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
299 (2008): 1016â17.
233
Caplan on cost of placebo response: Art Caplan, interviewed by the author, September 20, 2011.
233
South Korean president: “Acupuncture Needle Removed from Lung of Former South Korean President,”
The Telegraph
, May 3, 2011.
233
Dangers of acupuncture: E. Ernst, “Deaths After Acupuncture: A Systematic Review,”
International Journal of Risk and Safety in Medicine
22 (2010): 131â36; “Acupuncture Can Spread Serious Diseases: Experts,” Reuters, March 18, 2010, www.reuters.com/article/2010/03/19/us-acupuncture-
infection-idUSTRE62I00220100319; I. Sample, “Dozens Killed by Incorrectly Placed Acupuncture Needles,”
The Guardian
, October 18, 2010.
234
Ader-Cohen study: R. Ader and N. Cohen, “Behaviorally Conditioned Immunosuppression,”
Psychosomatic Medicine
37 (1975): 333â40.
235
MacKenzie study: J. N. MacKenzie, “The Production of the So-Called âRose-Cold' by Means of an Artificial Rose,”
American Journal of the Medical Sciences
91 (1886): 45â57.
235
Imboden study: J. B. Imboden, A. Canter and L. E. Cluff, “Convalescence from Influenza: A Study of the Psychological and Clinical Determinants,”
Archives of
Internal Medicine
108 (1961): 393â99.
236
Ader lupus study: K. Olness and R. Ader, “Conditioning as an Adjunct in the Pharmacotherapy of Lupus Erythematosis,”
Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics
13 (1992): 124â25.
236
Sabbioni study: M. E. E. Sabbioni, D. H. Bovbjerg, S. Mathew, et al., “Classically Conditioned Changes in Plasma Cortisol Levels Induced by Dexamethasone in Healthy Men,”
FASEB Journal
11 (1997): 1291â96.
236
Enhancing immune response study: D. L. Longo, P. L. Duffy, W. C. Koop, et al., “Conditioned Immune Response to Interferon-Gamma in Humans,”
Clinical
Immunology
90 (1999): 173â81.
236
Benefits of placebo for variety of diseases: Benedetti,
Placebo Effects
; S. S. Wang, “Why Placebos Work Wonders,”
Wall Street Journal
, January 3, 2012.
237
Homeopathy on Oz show: “Alternative Pain Treatments, Part 1,”
The Dr. Oz Show
, www.doctoroz.com/videos/Alternative-Pain-Treatments-Pt-1.
238
Studies of homeopathic remedies: E. Ernst, “Homeopathy: What Does the âBest' Evidence Tell Us?”
Medical Journal of Australia
192 (2010): 458â60.
239
Harm caused by over-the-counter cough-and-cold preparations: D. Childs, “Docs Support FDA Cough Medicine Warning,” ABC News, August 16, 2007, http://abcnews.go.com/Health/Drugs/story?id=3488351&page=1.
239
Ebers Papyrus: Shapiro and Shapiro,
Powerful Placebo
, 4.
240
Norman Cousins quote: N. Cousins,
Anatomy of an Illness
(New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1979), 76â78.
C
HAPTER 12:
W
HEN
A
LTERNATIVE
M
EDICINE
B
ECOMES
Q
UACKERY
241
Childhood deaths and prayer: C. Fraser,
God's Perfect Child: Living and Dying in the Christian Science Church
(New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1999).
241
Weil regarding HIV treatments: A. Weil,
Spontaneous Healing: How to
Discover and Enhance Your Body's Natural Ability to Maintain and Heal Itself
(New York: Balantine Books, 1995), 4.
242
Benefit of anti-AIDS drugs: M. A. Fischl, D. D. Richman, M. H. Grieco, et al., “The Efficacy of Azidothymidine (AZT) in the Treatment of Patients with AIDS and AIDS-Related Complex,”
New England Journal of Medicine
317 (1987): 185â91.
242
Harvard study of asthmatics: M. E. Wechsler, J. M. Kelley, I. O. E. Boyd, et al., “Active Albuterol or Placebo, Sham Acupuncture, or No Intervention in Asthma,”
New England Journal of Medicine
365 (2011): 119â26.
242
Homeopathy and asthma death: Dr. Robert Baratz, personal communication.
242
Linda Epping: Barrett and Jarvis,
Health Robbers
, 83â84.
243
Harm from unpasteurized products: Food and Drug Administration, “The Dangers of Raw Milk: Unpasteurized Milk Can Pose Serious Health Risk,” www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm079516.htm.
243
Mercola and Jumbotron: B. Smith, “Dr. Mercola: Visionary or Quack?”
Chicago
, February 2012.
243
Mercola doesn't believe HIV causes AIDS: Ibid.
243
Mercola, coffee enemas, baking soda: “The Cancer Treatment So SuccessfulâTraditional Doctors Shut It Down,” April 23, 2001, http://articles.mercola.com/sites/articles/archive/2011/04/23/dr-nicholas-gonzalez-on-alternative-cancer-treatments.aspx; D. Gorski, “For Shame, Dr. Oz, for Promoting Joseph Mercola on Your Show,”
Science-Based Medicine
blog, www.sciencebasedmedicine.org/index.php/for-shame-dr-oz; Orac, “Dr. Oz: America's Doctor and the Abdication of Professional Responsibility,”
ScienceBlogs
, April 13, 2010, http://scienceblogs.com/insolence/2010/04/dr_oz_americas_doctor_and_the_abdication.php; T. Tsouderos, “Questioning Dr. Oz,”
Chicago Tribune
, April 9, 2010.
243
Mercola and FDA: T. Tsouderos, “FDA Warns Doctor: Stop Touting Camera As Disease Screening Tool,”
Chicago Tribune
, April 25, 2011.
243
Mercola regarding his medical model: “The Alternative Health Controversy,”
The Dr. Oz Show,
www.doctoroz.com/videos/alternative-health-controversy-pt.1.
244
Andrew Weil regarding kava: Weil,
Spontaneous Healing
, 321.
244
FDA warning against kava: Food and Drug Administration, “Consumer Advisory: Kava-Containing Dietary Supplements May Be Associated with Severe Liver Injury,” March 25, 2002.
244
Baby dies from asphyxiation: Butler,
Consumer's Guide
, 82â83.
244
Neural Organization Technique: Ibid., 171â72.
244
Ernst study regarding harm from chiropractic: E. Ernst, “Deaths After Chiropractic: A Review of Published Cases,”
International Journal of Clinical
Practice
64 (2010): 1162â65.
245
Edzard Ernst: R. Booth, “Prince Charles Health Charity Accused of Vendetta Against Critic,”
The Guardian
, March 19, 2010; I. Sample, “Prince Charles Branded a âSnake Oil Salesman' by Scientist,”
The Guardian
, July 25, 2011; K. Kelland, “Professor Calls Prince Charles, Others âSnake Oil Salesmen',”
Reuters
, July 25, 2011; J. Hope, “Charles? He's Just a Snake-Oil Salesman: Professor Attacks Prince on âDodgy' Alternative Remedies,”
Mail Online
, July 26, 2011; S. Rustin, “Edzard Ernst: The Professor at War with the Prince,”
The Guardian
, July 29, 2011; C. Jardine, “Who We Gonna Call? Quackbuster!”
Telegraph
, August 22, 2011.
246
Simon Singh: S. Singh, “Beware the Spinal Trap,”
The Guardian
, April 19, 2008; M. Robbins, “Furious Backlash from Simon Singh Libel Case Puts Chiropractors on Ropes,”
The Guardian
, March 1, 2010; S. Boseley, “Simon Singh Libel Case Dropped,”
The Guardian
, April 15, 2010; P. Ghosh, “Chiropractors' Libel Case Dropped Against Simon Singh,”
BBC News
, April 15, 2010; A. Coghlan, “Simon Singh Wins Libel Battle Against Chiropractors,”
New Scientist
, April 15, 2010.
246
Weil and Drugstore.com: Hurley,
Natural Causes
, 240.
247
Chopra's business model: Barrett and Jarvis,
Health Robbers
, 243â45; Butler,
Consumer's Guide
, 118; Johnston,
Politics of Healing
, 223; F. Wheen,
How Mumbo Jumbo Conquered the World: A Short History of Modern Delusions
(New York: Public Affairs, 2004), 44â48.
247
Chopra regarding unlimited wealth: Chopra,
Spiritual Laws
, 1.
247
Chopra regarding money as energy: Ibid., 28.
248
Mercola's business model: D. Gumpert, “Old Time Sales Tricks on the Net,”
BusinessWeek
, May 23, 2006.
249
Mercola products: Smith, “Dr. Mercola: Visionary or Quack?”
249
Mercola and government conspiracy: Ibid.
249
Mercola regarding natural products: “The Alternative Health Controversy,”
The Dr. Oz Show.