Authors: Antonia Fraser
Cléry, Madame
Clothilde, Madame (
later
Queen of Sardinia; Louis XVI’s sister; “Gros-Madame”)
Coblenz
Coigny, Marie François Henri, Duc de
Coke, Lady Mary
Committee of Public Safety
Commune of Paris
Compiègne
Conciergerie
Condé, Louis Joseph, Prince de
Condé, Mlle de
Confederates (provincial troops)
Constituent National Assembly
see
Legislative Assembly; National Assembly
Conti, Louis François, Prince de
Conti, Princesse de
Corday, Charlotte
Cordeliers Club
Corigliano, John:
The Ghosts of Versailles
(opera)
Cornwallis, General Charles, 1st Marquis
Cossé, Duchesse de
Coster, Anne Vallayer
Courtot (sculptor)
Cowper, Emily
Cradock, Mrs
Craufurd, Quentin
Crimea
Croÿ, Duc de
Custine, General Adam Philippe, Comte de
Damas, Comte Charles de
Dangé, Commissioner
Danton, Georges
Daujon, Commissioner
David, Louis
Davies, Marianne and Cecilia
Dazincourt, Joseph
Desclozeaux, Pierre Louis
Deslon (hussar officer)
Desmoulins, Camille
Destruction de l’Aristocratisme, La
(play)
Devonshire, Georgiana, Duchess of
Diamond Necklace Affair
Diderot, Denis:
Les Bijoux Indiscrets
Dietrichstein, Count
Dillon, Edward (
le beau
)
Dillon, Madame
divorce: legalized in France (1790)
Dorset, John Frederick Sackville, 3rd Duke of,
Doucoudray, Tronson
Drouet, Jean Baptiste
Du Barry, Marie Jeanne, Comtesse (
née
Bécu): as Louis XV’s mistress; MA meets at Compiègne; addresses King; MA’s attitude to; dislike for Choiseul; pets; hostility with MA; and Louis XV’s health decline; banishment; dressmaking bills; jewellery; executed
Dubouchage (Minister of the Navy)
Ducreux, Joseph
Dufour (memorialist)
Dumouriez, General François
Duport, Adrien
Durand, Camille
Duras, Duchesse de
Duras, Emmanuel Félicité, Duc de
Duras, Marquise de
Durfort, Marquis de
Durosoy (publisher)
Dutens, Louis
Dutilleul, Sophie
Edgeworth de Firmin, Henry Essex, Abbé
Eleanora of Neuburg, Empress of Leopold I
Elisabeth Charlotte d’Orléans, Princesse (MA’s paternal grandmother)
Elisabeth, Madame (Louis XVI’s sister): favours Angélique de Bombelles; MA meets; greyhounds; leaves Versailles for Choisy; relations with MA; Joseph’s rumoured interest in; given Montreuil property; portrayed in dairymaid’s bonnet; sees body of MA’s daughter Sophie; taken from Versailles to Paris; detained in Tuileries; criticizes Louis XVI for inaction; on necessity for civil war; reads Burke’s
Revolution in France
; in MA’s escape attempt; decries public appearances; plays backgammon with Louis XVI; behaviour in face of mob; at commemoration of fall of Bastille; dress adapted for Pauline de Tourzel; detention and life in the Temple; renamed “Capet,”; separated from Louis XVI; and Louis XVI’s execution; communicates with Provence and Artois from Temple; religious piety; accused of sexual abuse of Louis Charles MA writes final letter to; executed; ignorance of MA’s death; represented on sculptural group
Elizabeth, Archduchess of Austria (MA’s sister): marriage prospects; place in family; at brother Joseph’s wedding; remains unmarried; scarred by smallpox; and mother’s final illness
Elizabeth Christina, Empress (MA’s maternal grandmother)
Elizabeth Christina of Brunswick-Bevern, Queen of Frederick II
Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
Elliott, Grace
Éloffe, Madame (wool and silk purveyor)
Emery, Jacques André, Abbé
England: war with France in North America (1754); war with Austria; fights in American Revolution; Spain proposes joint operations against; peace with France (1783); France declares war on (1793)
Estaing, Charles Henri d’
Estaing, Jean Baptiste, Comte d’
Estates General
Esterhazy family
Esterhazy, Count Valentin,
Eugene, Prince of Savoy
Eugénie, Empress of Napoleon III
Family Pact (1761)
Fausselandry, Vicomtesse de
Favras, Thomas de Mahy, Marquis de
Fellborn, Claes
Fénélon, François de Salignac de La Mothe
Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria (MA’s brother): childhood; place in family; acts as proxy bridegroom to MA; portrait miniature sent to MA; visits Versailles
Ferdinand, Duke of Parma, Don: marriage; and Louis XV’s view of MA’s marriage relations
Ferdinand, King of Naples: prospective marriage; marriage to Charlotte (Maria Carolina); and Austrian dowries; marriage relations
Fersen, Count Axel: background; meets MA; absence from France; returns from Sweden; MA’s fondness for; serves French cause in American war; attitude to MA; returns from America; developing relations with MA; marriage prospects; colonelcy; accompanies Gustavus III to France; finds dog for MA; as putative father of MA’s children; on MA’s waning popularity; makes trip to England; Saint-Priest’s friendship with; as Swedish emissary; affair with Eléanore Sullivan; and Louis XVI’s wish to move to Metz; stays at Versailles; and women’s march on Versailles; greets MA and Louis XVI in Paris (1789); advocates MA’s flight and escape; MA borrows from; joins MA and party on escape attempt; reaches Brussels; blamed for Louis XVI’s flight; MA writes to after arrest; on MA’s rumoured liaison with Barnave; returns to Paris in disguise and meets MA; MA reports details of conduct of French war with Austria; MA reports to on increasing threats; flees from Belgium; anxieties over MA’s fate; Jarjayes proposes mission to; and Austrian caution over liberating MA; killed; reaction to MA’s death
Fête de la Fédération
Feuillant party
Fitzgerald, Lord Robert
Flanders Regiment
Florian, Jean Pierre
Fontainebleau; Treaty of (1785)
Foster, Lady Elizabeth
Fouché, Mademoiselle
Fouquier-Tinville, Antoine Quentin
Fox, Charles James
Fragonard, Jean Honoré
France: forms defensive pact with Austria (1756); war with England in North America (1754); royal succession in; bread and grain riots (“Flour War”); financial deficit; intervenes in American Revolution; forms alliance with USA (1778); and Bavarian settlement; and Austrian alliance with Russia; deteriorating relations with Austria; peace with England (1783); administrative structure; tax reforms; revolution predicted; poor harvests (1788–9) and rising bread prices; weakening alliance with Austria; National Assembly proclaims new Constitution; 1789 riots in; aristocrat émigrés from (1789); divorce legalized in (1790); Louis XVI accepts new Constitution; proposed actions against émigrés; war with Austria (1792); crown jewels plundered; revolutionary calendar; military successes against Prussia; declares war on England, Spain and Holland (1793); defeats by Austrians;
see also
French Revolution
Francis II, Emperor (
earlier
Archduke of Austria; MA’s nephew)
Francis Stephen, Duke of Lorraine,
later
Emperor Francis I (MA’s father): and birth of MA; at MA’s baptism; background; speaks French; marriage to Maria Teresa; elected Emperor; appearance and character; infidelities; love of gardens and botany; and children’s upbringing; parts from MA and dies; remembered at Fête de la Fédération
Franklin, Benjamin
Frederick II, King of Prussia: prefers to speak French; Maria Teresa’s hostility to, 10; marriage relations; on Maria Teresa’s acquiring part of Poland; and Bavarian crisis; admiration for
Frederick Augustus, Prince (
later
King Frederick) of Saxony
Frederick, Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt
Frederick William II, King of Prussia
French language: spoken in Vienna; MA learns and speaks
French Revolution: breaks out; blamed on MA
Fréron, Stanislas
Fronsac, Louis Antoine Sophie, Duc de
Gabriel, Ange Jacques
Gameau (locksmith)
Gardel (choreographer)
Gardes Françaises
Gassner, John Joseph
Gautier-Dagoty, Jean Baptiste
Genet, Edmund
Genet, Jean:
The Maids
Genlis, Madame Stéphanie-Félicité de
George III, King of Great Britain: court; marriage; and American War of Independence; children; praises Burke’s
Revolution in France
; and Louis XVI’s flight; on Louis XVI’s feebleness; madness; reclaims Caroline Matilda after divorce
George Charles, Prince of Hesse-Darmstadt
George William, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt
Georgel, Abbé
Gilbert (Conciergerie gendarme)
Gillray, James
Girard, Abbé
Girard, Georges
Girondins
Gluck, Christoph Willibald: at Austrian court; background; reports to Maria Teresa on MA’s childbearing condition; visits Paris; disparages French music; on birth of MA’s son; dedicates operas to MA; music sung at Vigée Le Brun party;
Alceste
;
Armide
;
Iphigénie en Aulide
;
Orphée
;
Il Parnasso Confusio
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von
Goguelat, Baron François de
Goltz, Baron
Goncourt, Edmond & Jules
Goret (municipal officer)
Gourbillon, Madame de
Gower, George Granville Leveson-Gower, Earl (
later
2nd Marquess of Stafford and 1st Duke of Sutherland)
Grammont (actor)
Gramont, Béatrice, Duchesse de
Grand Trianon
Grasse, Admiral François de
“Great Fear,” the
Grétry, André;
Richard I
Grey and Jefferies (London jewellers)
Grimm, Friedrich Melchior, Baron von
Grosholz, Marie
see
Tussaud, Marie
Guéméné, Jules Hercule, Prince de
Guéméné, Marie Louise, Princesse de
Guiche, Aglä ié, Duchesse de (
née
de Polignac; “Guichette”)
Guiche, Duc de
Guillaume (Drouet’s companion)
guillotine: first used
Guimard, Madeleine
Guines, Adrien, Comte (
later
Duc) de
Guirtler, Bishop (MA’s confessor
Gustav III, King of Sweden; assassinated
Gustav IV, King of Sweden: birth
Guyot, Madame
Hall, Radclyffe:
The Well of Loneliness
Hamilton, Sir William, and Emma, Lady
Hancock, Eliza
Harcourt, François Henri, Duc d’
Harel, Madame
Hasse, Johann Adolph
Haugwitz, Count Frederick
Hauzinger, Joseph
Haydn, Joseph
Hébert, Jacques
Hénin, Prince de
Henri IV, King of France
Henrietta Maria, Queen of Charles I of England
Herbert, George Augustus, Lord (
later
11th Earl of Pembroke)
Herman, Armand Martial
Hesse, Princesses of
Hesse-Homburg, Landgrave of
Hezecques, Félix de, Comte de France