Marketplace of the Marvelous (48 page)

89.
Dan King,
Quackery Unmasked; or, a Consideration of the Most Prominent Empirical Schemes of the Present Time
(Boston: David Clapp, 1858), 132–33.

90.
Holmes,
Medical Essays
, xiv.

91.
Kirschmann,
Vital Force
, 113–20; Terri A. Winnick, “From Quackery to ‘Complementary' Medicine: The American Medical Profession Confronts Alternative Therapies,”
Social Problems
52, no. 1 (February 2005): 40; Haller,
History of American Homeopathy
, 292–94.

92.
Kirschmann,
Vital Force
, 114.

93.
Anne Taylor Kirschmann, “Making Friends for ‘Pure' Homeopathy,” in Johnston,
Politics of Healing
, 31–33.

94.
Julia M. Green, “Obituary,”
Pacific Coast Homeopathic Bulletin
12, no. 1 (January 1964).

95.
“Homeopathy: An Introduction,” National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine,
http://nccam.nih.gov/health/homeopathy
.

96.
Hahnemann,
Organon
, 226.

1.
Rennie B. Schoepflin, “Christian Science Healing in America,” in Gevitz,
Other Healers
, 193–94; Milmine,
Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy
.

2.
Sidney Ochs, “A History of Nerve Functions: From Animal Spirits to Molecular Mechanisms,”
Brain
128, no. 1 (2005): 227–31; Finger,
Doctor Franklin's Medicine
, 220–22; Allen G. Debus, “Paracelsus and the Medical Revolution of the Renaissance,” National Library of Medicine,
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/exhibition/paracelsus/index.html;
Jessica Riskin, “Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815),”
The Super-Enlightenment Authors
, digital collection, Stanford University Libraries,
http://collections.stanford.edu/supere/page.action?forward=authors§ion=authors
.

3.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 104–5; Haller,
American Medicine in Transition
, 101; Finger,
Doctor Franklin's Medicine
, 222.

4.
Finger,
Doctor Franklin's Medicine
, 222; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 104–5.

5.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 105; Fuller, “Mesmerism,” 207.

6.
Fuller, “Mesmerism,” 220.

7.
Ibid., 207.

8.
Franz Anton Mesmer,
Memoir of F. A. Mesmer on His Discoveries
, Jerome Eden, trans. (Mt. Vernon, NY: Eden, 1957), 55; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 105.

9.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 105; “Glass Armonica,”
Benjamin Franklin: An
Extraordinary Life, An Eclectic Mind
, PBS, 2002,
http://www.pbs.org/benfranklin/l3_inquiring_glass.html
.

10.
Pattie,
Mesmer and Animal Magnetism
, 63–69; Turner, “Mesmeromania”; Jan Ehrenwald,
The History of Psychotherapy: From Healing Magic to Encounter
(New York: Jason Aronson, 1976), 221.

11.
Mesmer quoted in Ehrenwald,
History of Psychotherapy
, 223.

12.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 105–6.

13.
Turner, “Mesmeromania.”

14.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 105–6; Turner, “Mesmeromania.”

15.
Finger,
Doctor Franklin's Medicine
, 234.

16.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 106–7.

17.
Alison Winter,
Mesmerized: Powers of Mind in Victorian Britain
(Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998), 171–72.

18.
Lady Rosse quoted in Winter,
Mesmerized
, 257–58.

19.
Harriet Martineau,
Letters on Mesmerism
, 2nd ed. (London: Edward Moxon, 1845), 7–8.

20.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 6; Darnton,
Mesmerism
, 51.

21.
Tim Fulford, “Conducting the Vital Fluid: The Politics and Poetics of Mesmerism in the 1790s,”
Studies in Romanticism
43, no. 1 (Spring 2004): 62–63.

22.
Mesmer quoted in Alan Gauld,
A History of Hypnotism
(London: Cambridge University Press, 1995), 11–12.

23.
John Gardner,
The Great Physician: The Connection of Diseases and Remedies with the Truths of Revelation
(London: J. Hatchard, 1843), 244.

24.
Finger,
Doctor Franklin's Medicine
, 228.

25.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 108.

26.
Pattie,
Mesmer and Animal Magnetism
, 142–44.

27.
Franklin et al.,
Report of Dr. Benjamin Franklin
, 95.

28.
Ibid., 87–88.

29.
Ibid., 88–89, 102, 108–14.

30.
Benjamin Franklin Bache quoted in Claude-Anne Lopez, “Franklin and Mesmer: An Encounter,”
Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
66 (1993): 328.

31.
Finger,
Doctor Franklin's Medicine
, 230–31.

32.
Franklin et al.,
Report of Dr. Benjamin Franklin
, 114, 117, 123.

33.
Finger,
Doctor Franklin's Medicine
, 230–33; Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 7–10.

34.
Wallace and Gach,
History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology
, 558–59; Judith Pintar and Steven Jay Lynn,
Hypnosis: A Brief History
(Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 2008), 23–25.

35.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 10–11; Darnton,
Mesmerism
, 58.

36.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 10–11; Darnton,
Mesmerism
, 58.

37.
Adam Crabtree, “The Transition to Secular Psychotherapy: Hypnosis and the Alternate-Consciousness Paradigm,” in Wallace and Gach,
History of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology
, 557–59.

38.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 11; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 107–8.

39.
Puységur quoted in Henri Ellenberger,
The Discovery of the Unconscious: The History and Evolution of Dynamic Psychiatry
(New York: Basic Books, 1970), 72.

40.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 10–11.

41.
Brian A. Harris and Melvin A. Gravitz, “An 1829 Eyewitness Account of Hypnotic Anesthesia in Major Surgery,”
Bulletin of Anesthesia History
26 (October 2008): 9.

42.
Stephen E. Braude,
First Person Plural: Multiple Personality and the Philosophy of the Mind
(Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995), 20–21; Martin Willis and Catherine Wynne, “Introduction,” in
Victorian Literary Mesmerism
, Willis and Wynne, 1–3.

43.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 108–9; James Braid and Arthur Edward Waite,
Braid on Hypnotism: The Beginnings of Modern Hypnosis
(New York: Julian Press, 1960); Adam Crabtree,
From Mesmer to Freud: Magnetic Sleep and the Roots of Psychological Healing
(New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1993), 155–62.

44.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 16–17; Finger,
Doctor Franklin's Medicine
, 228.

45.
Poyen,
Progress of Animal Magnetism
, 40–41.

46.
William Stone, “Animal Magnetism,”
Connecticut Current
, September 26, 1837.

47.
Fuller, “Mesmerism and the Birth of Psychology,” 209–10.

48.
Ralph L. Rusk, ed. T
he Letters of Ralph Waldo Emerson
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1939), 2:55.

49.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 17–19; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 110; Nadis,
Wonder Shows
, 88.

50.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 19.

51.
Poyen,
Progress of Animal Magnetism
, 55.

52.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 20–21.

53.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 110–11.

54.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 78–85; Nadis,
Wonder Shows
, 88.

55.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 33; Turner, “Mesmeromania.”

56.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 107; Turner, “Mesmeromania.”

57.
LaRoy Sunderland,
Confessions of a Magnetizer
(Boston: Redding, 1845).

58.
Timothy Shay,
Agnes: or, The Possessed, A Revelation of Mesmerism
(Philadelphia:
T. B. Peterson, 1948), 3; Jerome M. Schneck, “Henry James, George Du Maurier, and Mesmerism,”
International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis
26, no. 2 (1978): 76; Nadis,
Wonder Shows
, 89, 103.

59.
Samuel Coale, “The Romance of Mesmerism: Hawthorne's Medium of Romance,”
Studies in the American Renaissance
(1994): 273–74; Leland S. Person,
The Cambridge Introduction to Nathaniel Hawthorne
(New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), 86.

60.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 110–11; Joseph Philippe Francois Deleuze,
Practical Instruction in Animal Magnetism
(Fowler & Wells Co., 1886), 144.

61.
Willis and Wynne,
Victorian Literary Mesmerism
, 129; “Mesmeric Mania and Clairvoyant Somnambulists in 19th Century America,”
Annual Report to the Friends
(New York: Institute for the History of Psychiatry, 2007), 25–27; Poyen,
Progress of Animal Magnetism
, 144.

62.
Madison Park, “HypnoBirthing: Relax While Giving Birth?,”
CNN.com
, August 12, 2011,
http://edition.cnn.com/2011/HEALTH/08/12/hypnobirth.pregnancy/index.html
.

63.
Elizabeth, “Remarks of a Female Mesmerist in Reply to the Scurrilous Insinuations of Dr. F. Hawkins, Dr. Mayo, and Mr. Wakley,”
Zoist
7 (London: Hippolyte Bailliere, 1850): 46, 47.

64.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 30.

65.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 112.

66.
“Lectures on Mesmerism,”
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal
29, no. 3 (January 20, 1844): 466.

67.
X. Y., “Animal Magnetism,”
New-Hampshire Gazette
, July 5, 1841.

68.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 111–13.

69.
X. Y., “Animal Magnetism”; Sheila O'Brien Quinn, “Credibility, Respectability, Suggestibility, and Spirit Travel: Lurena Brackett and Animal Magnetism,”
History of Psychology
(October 24, 2011): 2–3.

70.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 56–59.

71.
Phineas Taylor Barnum,
Struggles and Triumphs; or, Forty Years' Recollections of P. T. Barnum
(Buffalo, NY: Warren, Johnson & Co., 1872), 70–71.

72.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 79–82, 118.

73.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 116; Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 119.

74.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 119–20.

75.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 116–17; Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 120–21.

76.
Robert E. Hales,
Textbook of Psychiatry
, 5th ed. (Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2008), 622.

77.
Dresser,
Quimby Manuscripts
, 30.

78.
Ibid., 180.

79.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 120–21; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 117; Rosenberg,
Our Present Complaint
, 64.

80.
Dresser,
Quimby Manuscripts
, 82.

81.
Ibid., 78.

82.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 117.

83.
Dresser,
Quimby Manuscripts
, 83–85.

84.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 118.

85.
Dresser,
Quimby Manuscripts
, 52.

86.
Quoted in Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 125.

87.
Dresser,
Quimby Manuscripts
, 173.

88.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 128–33; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 118–19.

89.
Fuller,
Mesmerism
, 131–32, 124.

90.
Ibid., 137–38.

91.
Georgine Milmine, “Mary Baker G. Eddy,”
McClure's Magazine
28 (1906–7): 509–13.

92.
McDonald, “Mary Baker Eddy,” 94–95; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 121–22; Mary Baker Eddy,
Science and Health with a Key to the Scriptures
(Boston: Allison B. Stewart, 1912), 109, 187–89.

93.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 123.

94.
Ibid., 123–25; Eddy quoted in Georgine Milmine and Willa Cather,
The Life of Mary Baker G. Eddy and the History of Christian Science
(Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), 118.

95.
Christian Science Publishing Society,
A Century of Christian Science Healing
(Boston: Christian Science Publishing Society, 1966), 48–49, 58; Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 124.

96.
Whorton,
Nature Cures
, 124; “Writing Science and Health,” Longyear Museum,
http://www.longyear.org/mary_baker_eddy/teacher/en_extra_writing
.

97.
Edmund Andrews, “Christian Science,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
32 (1899): 581.

98.
“Phases of Christian Science,”
Journal of the American Medical Association
33 (1899): 297.