Authors: Richard Holmes
51
‘The Letters of Samuel Noyes, Chaplain of the Royal Scots 1703–4’ in
Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research
No. 37 1959 pp.130–1.
52
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 3 July 1704 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.327.
53
Deane
Journal
pp.7–8.
54
Noyes
Letters
p.131.
55
Marlborough to Harley 4 July 1704 in Murray
Dispatches
I p.341.
56
Deane
Journal
p.7 fn 10.
57
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 23 July 1704 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.342.
58
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 30 July 1704 ibid. p.344.
59
De la Colonie
Mémoires
pp.288–9.
60
Wilson
Journal
p.47.
61
Davies
Life and Adventures
p.294.
62
Trevelyan
Blenheim
p.369.
63
James Falkner
Great and Glorious Days: Marlborough’s Battles 1704–9
(London 2002) p.53.
64
Marlborough to Heinsius 31 July 1704 in
Marlborough – Heinsius
p.121.
65
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 10 August 1704 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.348.
66
Marlborough to Heinsius 10 August 1704 in
Marlborough – Heinsius
p.124.
67
Marlborough to Harley 10 August 1704 in Murray
Dispatches
I p.387.
68
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 13 July 1704 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.336.
69
Marlborough to Harley 14 August 1704 in Murray
Dispatches
I p.391.
70
Montingy-Languet in Trevelyan
Select Documents
p.130.
71
Tallard to Chamillart 4 September 2004 ibid. pp.118–24.
72
For a useful discussion of relative strengths see Ivor F. Burton
The Captain-General
(London 1968) p.67.
73
Kane
Campaigns
pp.111–12.
74
J.A. Houlding
Fit for Service: The Training of the British Army 1715–1795
(Oxford 1981) p.174.
75
For infantry tactics of the age see David Chandler at his best in
Art of Warfare
pp.114–24.
76
Michael Orr
Dettingen 1743
(London 1972) p.65.
77
Ibid. p.64.
78
Mérode-Westerloo p.164.
79
Sandby
Journal
in BL Add Mss 9114.
80
Tallard to Chamillart 4 September 1704 in Trevelyan
Select Documents
p.122.
81
Sandby
Journal
in BL Add Mss 9114.
82
Deane
Journal
p.11.
83
Falkner
Great and Glorious
p.69.
84
Tallard to Chamillart 3 December 1704 in Trevelyan
Select Documents
p.126.
85
Unnamed French officer to Chamillart ibid. p.128.
86
Baron de Montigny-Languet 24 August 1704 ibid. p.133.
87
Cardonnel Mss circular describing Blenheim in BL Add Mss 28918 f.288.
88
Millner
Journal
p.55.
89
H.H.E. Craster (ed.) ‘Letters of the First Lord Orkney’ in
English Historical Review
XIX 1904 p.311
90
Mérode-Westerloo p.169.
91
Anonymous officer in Trevelyan
Select Documents
p.128.
92
Chandler
Robert Parker
p.42.
93
Trevelyan
Blenheim
p.387.
94
Cardonnel to Ellis 17 August 1704, BL Add Mss 28918 f.294.
95
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 13 August 1704 in
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.349. Virginia-born Dan Parke was rewarded with a diamond-set picture of the queen and a thousand guineas. He was appointed governor of the Leeward Islands the following year, and murdered there by rebels in 1710: there is no armour against fate.
CHAPTER 6
:
The Lines of Brabant
1
Queen Anne to Duchess of Marlborough 10 August 1704 OS in Coxe
Marlborough
II p.38.
2
Sarah Duchess of Marlborough
Account of the Conduct
p.146.
3
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 20 October 1704 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.385.
4
Gregg
Queen Anne
p.193.
5
Ibid.
6
Marlborough to Godolphin 9 July 1705 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.455.
7
Sarah Duchess of Marlborough
Private Correspondence
I p.181.
8
Ailesbury
II pp.523, 586.
9
Gregg
Queen Anne
p.195.
10
Blenheim Palace
(Norwich 2006) p.5.
11
Marian Fowler
Blenheim: Biography of a Palace
(London 1989) p.59.
12
Gregg
Queen Anne
p.329.
13
Fowler
Blenheim
p.60.
14
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 25 August 1702 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.358.
15
Marlborough was formally invested with the principality on 24 May 1706, and in 1713 Mindelheim was exchanged for the county of Mellenburg (then created a principality) in Upper Austria.
16
Murray
Dispatches
V p.154.
17
Gregg
Queen Anne
pp.195–6.
18
Kane
Memoirs
p.57.
19
Cardonnel to Ellis 7 November 1704, BL Add Mss 28918 f.323.
20
Marlborough to Godolphin 3 November 1704 in
Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.391.
21
Marlborough to Harley 28 November 1704 and attached
Mémoire de My Lord le Duc de Marlborough
in Murray
Dispatches
I pp.545–6.
22
Eric Gruber von Arni
Hospital Care and the British Standing Army 1660–1714
(Aldershot 2006) pp.126–7.
23
These are the words I learnt as a boy, though there are many versions, some of which call the soldier ‘Billy’ or ‘Willie’. Polly decides not to follow her man, but curses the events that ‘pressed my Harry from me, and all my brothers three/And sent them to the cruel war in High Germany’. The date of the song is conjectural, though it is certainly eighteenth-century, and the title suggests an early date, for ‘Low Germany’ was a more usual stamping ground for the redcoat later in the century.
24
Gruber von Arni
Hospital Care
p.131.
25
Scouller
Armies of Queen Anne
p.235.
26
British officers and sergeants carried staff weapons and swords for the rest of the century, though the demands of soldiering in North America told against the practice. Nevertheless, on either side of the Grand Entrance to Old College at RMA Sandhurst are racks designed to hold the sergeant’s half-pike that replaced the halberd at the end of the century and did not itself disappear till the 1830s.
27
Gruber von Arni
Hospital Care
pp.209–10.
28
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 14 April 1705 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.415.
29
I am grateful to Dr Christopher Everett and Dr Hugh Bethell for their long-range diagnosis of Marlborough. The former also deserves my thanks for having preserved me from the terminal hypochondria which threatened my early career.
30
Marlborough to the Margrave of Baden 25 April 1705 in Murray
Dispatches
II p.23.
31
Marlborough to Harley ibid. p.55.
32
Cardonnel to Ellis 2 June 1704, BL Add Mss 28918 f.355.
33
Marlborough to Godolphin 16 June 1705 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I pp.442–3.
34
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 16 June 1705 ibid. pp.443–4.
35
Marlborough to Heinsius 18 June 1705 in
Marlborough – Heinsius
pp.184–5.
36
Blackader
Life and Diary
p.247.
37
Marlborough to St John 9 July 1704 in Murray
Dispatches
II p.159.
38
‘Letters of the First Lord Orkney’ in
English Historical Review
April 1904 p.311.
39
Goslinga
Mémoires
pp.1–2.
40
Jacques Louis, comte de Noyelle en Falaise, was French-born but had entered Dutch service in 1674, commanded an infantry regiment and was promoted general in 1704. Marlborough had a high regard for him, and would have liked to see him command in Spain, where he
died as adviser to the Hapsburg claimant to the throne.
41
Atkinson
Marlborough
p.259.
42
Millner
Journal
p.59.
43
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 19 October 1703 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.256.
44
Orkney ‘Letters’ in
English Historical Review
April 1904 p.313.
45
Ibid.
46
Blackader
Life and Diary
p.249.
47
Deane
Journal
p.26.
48
Marlborough to Galway 21 July 1705 in Murray
Dispatches
II p.183. There is some doubt about the number of guns: Deane says that they took ten, but Chandler’s note to Deane
Journal
p.27 suggests eighteen.
49
Deane
Journal
p.27.
50
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 18 July 1705 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.459.
51
London Gazette
23–27 August 1705.
52
HMC Portland IV p.253.
53
Churchill
Marlborough
IV p.215.
54
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 20 July 1705 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I p.460.
55
Marlborough to Godolphin 27 July 1705 ibid. p.462.
56
Marlborough to Godolphin 20 July 1705 ibid. p.458.
57
Goslinga
Mémoires
pp.136–8.
58
Marlborough to Heinsius 2 August 1705 in
Marlborough – Heinsius
p.199. Normally Marlborough seems to have kept no copies of his correspondence with Heinsius, but the fact that this appears in Murray
Dispatches
II p.197 demonstrates that copies were kept, suggesting that the issue of command had now become a live political matter.
59
The issue is dealt with at length in A. Legrelle
La Diplomatie Française et la Succession d’Espagne
(6 vols, Paris 1892) IV pp.364–75.
60
Marlborough to Berwick 30 October 1708 in Trevelyan
Select Documents
p.397.
61
Deane
Journal
p.28.
62
Marlborough to Godolphin 19 August 1705 in Snyder
Marlborough – Godolphin
I pp.473–4.
63
Marlborough to Duchess of Marlborough 24 August 1705 ibid. p.476.
64
Portland to Marlborough 1 August 1705 OS, BL Add Mss 61153 f.218.
65
Eugène to Marlborough 13 September 1705 in Coxe
Marlborough
I p.322.
66
Queen Anne to Marlborough 6 September 1705 ibid. p.321.
67
Bulletin of 19 August 1705 in Murray
Dispatches
II p.224.
68
Marlborough to Heinsius 19 August 1705 in
Marlborough – Heinsius
p.203.
69
Chandler
Robert Parker
p.56.
70
Hare Journal in BL Add Mss 9114.
71
Coxe
Marlborough
I p.313.
72
An alternative has him refuse the duty on the grounds that the place was beneath his dignity: in either case his refusal left him wrong-footed.
73
London Gazette
6–10 September 1705.
74
Deane
Journal
p.30.
75
Chandler
Robert Parker
p.57.
76
London Gazette
16–20 August 1705.