It wasn't the hardship of being lonely and without money that made her yearn to go home. If that were true, then after becoming famous and wealthy she wouldn't have returned to southern Alabama for months at a time every year. She did so because she had a profound love of place. That's why Lee's readers recognize her characters and the town of Maycomb. It's a place they feel sure they've been to, and where they'd always like to be. It was where they belonged, where people knew themâwhere they felt loved.
Lee often said thatTo Kill a Mockingbird was a love story, meaning Scout's boundless love for her father. And when Scout has grown into a young woman inGo Set a Watchman , it's love again that makes Jean Louise forgive Atticus for being imperfect. Love was the alpha and omega of life, and should be in all relationships, the lens through which we look at others. She believed that she could say it no plainer, and when she was asked why she didn't write more, she didn't see the need to restate the importance of love in different words: “I have said what I wanted to say, and I will not say it again.”
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Notes
Please note that some of the links referenced in this work are no longer active.
1. THE MAKING OF ME
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Harper Lee, “Christmas to Me,”McCall's , December 1961, 63.
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Orville Prescott, “Books of The Times,”The New York Times , 21 January 1948.
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Geoffrey Mohan, “Levittown at Fifty: Suburban Pioneers,” in “Long Island: Our Story,”Newsday, 28 September 1997.
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Robert Daley, “It's Like a Plate of Spaghetti Under New York Streets,”Chicago Tribune , 7 February 1960, 20.
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Truman Capote,Breakfast at Tiffany's (New York: Random House, 1950), 1.
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“Rubbish in Manhattan Streets” (letter to the editor),The New York Times , 11 May 1949, 28.
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At Mount Holyoke's 125-year anniversary commemoration, on November 8, 1962, Lee received an honorary doctorate. During the ceremony, her bookstore experience was mentioned. Most sketches of her adult life begin with her working at an airline.
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Eugene Walter, as told to Katherine Clark,Milking the Moon (New York: Three Rivers Press, 2001), 93.
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Drew Jubera, “To Find a Mockingbird,”Dallas Times Herald , n.d. (1984).
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Harry Hansen, “Miracle of Manhattanâ1st Novel Sweeps Board,”Chicago Tribune , 14 May 1961, D6.
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Kay Anderson, e-mail to author, 15 March 2004. As a student at Monroe County High School, Anderson heard Harper Lee tell the story to her English class of throwing the manuscript out the window, which Alice Lee denied. Several other former students heard the same story over the years. The “for better or for worse” remark is from Newquist,Counterpoint , 405.
2. “ELLEN ” SPELLED BACKWARD
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George Thomas Jones, “Young Harper Lee's Affinity for Fighting,” Swiss Education,www.swisseduc.ch , 7 December 1999.
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Freda Roberson Noble, e-mail to author, 18 September 2002.
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George Thomas Jones, “Queen of the Tomboys,” inHappenings in Old Monroeville , vol. 1 (Monroeville, AL: Bolton Newspapers, 1999), 125.
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Truman Capote, “The Thanksgiving Visitor,” inA Christmas Memory, One Christmas, and The Thanksgiving Visitor (New York: Modern Library, 1996).
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Kathy McCoy,Monroeville: The Search for Harper Lee's Maycomb (Charleston, SC: Arcadia Publishing, 1999), 69.
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Harper Lee's Maycomb , 26.
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Lee,To Kill a Mockingbird , 144.
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M. Thomas Inge,Truman Capote: Conversations (University of Mississippi Press, 1987), 316.
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Charles Ray Skinner, interview with author, 22 December 2002.
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Marie Rudisill, with James C. Simmons,The Southern Haunting of Truman Capote (Nashville, TN: Cumberland House, 2000), 192.
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Clark,Milking the Moon , 40.
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Patricia Burstein, “Tiny, Yes, But a Terror? Do Not Be Fooled by Truman Capote in Repose,”People Weekly , 10 May 1976, 12â17.
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“Ninth Annual Catalogue of the Alabama Girls' Industrial School, Montevallo, Alabama, 1904â1905” (Montgomery, AL: The Brown Printing Co.), 20. Reprint. London: Forgotten Books, 2013.
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Harper Lee to Caldwell Delaney, 30 December 1988. Private collection.
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National Archives and Records Service , College Park, MD, Fifteenth Alabama Infantry files. I am also indebted to the Johnston County (North Carolina) Genealogical and History Society, and to the genealogists Kevin L. Privette, Margaret Lee, Larry Kea, and Tiffany Harmon for sharing their research about the Virginia, North Carolina, and Alabama Lees.
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Edward L. Ayers,The Promise of the New South: Life After Reconstruction (Oxford University Press, 2007), 3.
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Kathy Painter McCoy,Letters from the Civil War: Monroe County Remembers Her Rebel Sons (Monroeville, AL: Monroe County Heritage Museum, 1992). Monroeville would have been sacked by the Union army, except for the timely intervention of two leading citizens. A detachment of Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Lucas's troops was sent to Monroeville to make a raid. Their approach naturally created a wild panic in the village, and women and children crowded terror-stricken to the village hotel. Practically all the able-bodied men had been at the front, and few paroled Confederates had reached home. A judge and lady of the town rode out two or three miles to meet the advancing raiders and ask protection for the homes of the village. An officer in command of the advance guard of the raiders told them to tell the women and children to go to their homesâhe would place a guard at every house to see that no harm befell them. Not a home in the village was pillaged. Commissary stores in houses on the north side of town were burned; but private property, except horses and forage, was respected.
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“Centennial Edition: 1866â1966,”Monroe Journal , 22 December 1966, 23C.
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W. J. Cash,The Mind of the South (New York: Knopf, 1941), 61 and 220. “The new men were less likely to be the storekeepers and small merchants who had led the towns in the seventies and eighties, more likely to be educated lawyers and manufacturers.” Ayers, 65.
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Marja Mills,The Mockingbird Next Door: Life With Harper Lee (Penguin, 2014), 178.
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Lee,To Kill a Mockingbird , 136.
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Truman Capote, “Christmas Vacation,” inConjunctions: 31 , ed. Bradford Morrow and Peter Constantine (New York: Bard College, 1998), 139â77. Capote retitled “Mrs. Busybody” and handed it in as a school assignment in the sixth grade at Trinity School in Manhattan in 1935.
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Lawrence Grobel,Conversations with Capote (New York: New American Library, 1985), 54.
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Rudisill, interview with author, 15 December 2005.
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Charles Ray Skinner, interview with author, 22 December 2002.
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Mary Tucker, interview with Monroe County Heritage Museum, Monroeville, AL, 7 July 1998.
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Thomas Daniel Young, introduction to part III ofA History of Southern Literature , ed. Louis D. Rubin, Jr., et al. (Baton Rouge, LA: Louisiana State University Press, 1985), 262.
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Rudisill, interview with author, 15 December 2005. The only black person residing in town was a woman who was rumored to be the illegitimate daughter of Judge I. B. Slaughter. Anna Stabler could not be readily identified as black or white because she wore heavy makeup and a wig. Her animated fiddle playing induced the children to draw near. Truman took a particular liking to her. He begged Jenny Faulk to buy him a guitar. Then, when he had mastered a few chords, he would steal through the backyard bushes to strum and sing with Anna. In concert, they sounded like two cats. Truman later took Anna as the model for Catherine inThe Grass Harp .
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Betty Martin, interview with author, 5 November 2005.
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Rudisill, interview with author, 21 December 2005.
We knew âcolored people' as servants. In both our houses we had a cook who was really a general housekeeper. About half her time was spent with the baby if there was one. She did whatever was necessary at the time. We had a yard man who came about once a week. Our clothes were picked up by a black woman with a wagon. She took them home, boiled them on an outside fire, starched them, ironed them and returned them. Sheets, etc., went to the commercial laundry. Extra help came in for fall cleaning. It was the way of life.
Roberta Steiner, “My Cousin Carson McCullers,”Carson McCullers Society Newsletter , no. 3. University of West Florida, Pensacola, FL, 2000.
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Rudisill, interview with author, 21 December 2005.
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George Thomas Jones, e-mail to author, 11 January 2003.
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According to Jones, the town historian who knew all the parties involved:
Arch Persons “came from a fine, well-respected family in Tuscaloosa. His father was a prominent lawyer and a first cousin, Gordon Persons, was once governor of Alabama. Archie first came to Monroeville in the early 1930s as houseguests of two brothers with whom he had become good friends while they were students at the University of Alabama. It was during a visit that he met Lillie Mae. A whirlwind romance ended in marriage ⦠followed by the birth of Truman and subsequently by Archie abandoning them in New Orleans. It was at this time that Lillie Mae brought her baby to Monroeville to keep both of them from starving.”
Ibid., 3 July 2003.
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Marie Rudisill, with James C. Simmons,The Southern Haunting of Truman Capote (Nashville, TN: Cumberland House, 2000), 61.
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Gerald Clarke,Capote: A Biography (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1988), 14. I am indebted to Clarke's excellent biography of Capote for much of the information about Truman's parents and the Faulk home.
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Rudisill, with Simmons,Southern Haunting , 241â42.
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Truman Capote,Other Voices, Other Rooms (1948; reprint, New York: Vintage/Random House, 1994), 132.
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“Spare the Laurels” (review ofOther Voices, Other Rooms ),Time , 26 January 1948.
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Gloria Steinem, “âGo Right Ahead and Ask Me Anything' (And So She Did): An Interview with Truman Capote,”McCall's , November 1967, 76â77, 148â52, 154.
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Harper Lee's Maycomb , 70.
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Roy Newquist,Counterpoint (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1964), 407.
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To this Miss Lee would undoubtedly respond, “Hell, no!” It's interesting that inTo Kill a Mockingbird and also in the film version, Scout, Jem, and Dill never have to do a lick of work. Not a chore, not a paper routeânothing.
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Harper Lee, letter toO Magazine , May 2006. Online.
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Marianne M. Moates,A Bridge of Childhood: Truman Capote's Southern Years (New York: Holt, 1989), 116.
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Randy Schulkers, letter to author, 25 February 2005.
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Rudisill, with Simmons,Southern Haunting , 193.
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Wayne Greenhaw, “Capote Country,”Alabama on My Mind (Montgomery, AL: Sycamore Press, 1987), 103. Later, Capote added details to the caper. “Once I ran away with a friend who lived across the streetâa girl much older than myself who in later life achieved a certain fame. Because she murdered a half-dozen people and was electrocuted at Sing Sing. Someone wrote a book about her. They called her the Lonely Hearts Killer. But there, I'm wandering again.” M. Thomas Inge,Truman Capote: Conversations (University Press of Mississippi, 1987), 23. The interview originally appeared inThe Paris Review , spring-summer, 1957.