Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century (168 page)

32.
D’Emilio and Freedman, Op.
cit.,
pages 268 and 312. Heidenry,
Op.
cit., page 28.

33.
Heidenry,
Op. cit.,
page 29.

34.
Ibid.,
page 33.

35.
Ibid.

36.
Audrey Leathard,
The Fight for Family Planning,
London: Macmillan, 1980, page 72.

37.
Ibid.,
page 87.

38.
Ibid.,
page 84.

39.
Heidenry, Op
cit.,
page 31.

40.
Leathard, Op
cit.,
page 114, on Rock’s philosophy.

41.
Heidenry, Op.
cit.,
page 31.

42.
Leathard,
Op. cit.,
page 104. Heidenry,
Op. cit.,
page 31.

43.
Heidenry, Op.
cit.,
pages 31–32.

44.
Ibid,
page 32.

45.
Leathard,
Op. cit.,
page 105.

46.
He originally wanted to publish the book anonymously, to protect his position at Cornell University, where he was a fall professor, but Farrar, Straus & Giroux, the publishers, felt this undermined their defence of the book as literature. This account has been disputed. See: Andrew Field,
VN: The Life and Art of Vladimir Nabokov,
London: Macdonald/Queen Anne Press, 1987, pages 299–300.

47.
Ibid.,
pages 324–325 for VN’s rejection of psychoanalytic interpretations of his work.

48.
Daniel Horowitz,
Betty Friedan: The Making of the Feminine Mystique,
Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1998, page 193.

49.
Betty Friedan,
The Feminine Mystique,
New York: W. W. Norton, 1963; reprinted by Dell Publishing, paperback, 1984, page 7.

50.
See Horowitz, Op.
cit.,
page 202 for other reactions.

51.
Friedan, Op.
cit.,
page 38.

52.
Horowitz, Op.
cit.,
pages 2–3.

53.
Friedan, Op.
cit.,
pages 145–146.

54.
Ibid.,
page 16.

55.
Ibid.,
page 383.

56.
See also: Horowitz, Op.
cit.,
pages 226–227.

1.
David Riesman, with Nathan Glazer and Reuel Denney,
The Lonely Crowd,
New Haven: Yale University Press, 1950, reprinted 1989 with the Preface to the 1961 edition and with a new Preface, page xxiv.

2.
Ibid.,
pages 5ff.

3.
Ibid.,
page 11.

4.
Ibid.,
page 15.

5.
Ibid.,
page 18.

6.
Ibid.,
page 19.

7.
Ibid.,
page 22.

8.
Ibid.,
see for example, chapters VIIl, IX and X.

9.
Ellen Schrecker,
The Age of McCarthyism: A Brief History with Documents,
Boston: Bedford Books, 1994, page 63.

10.
Herman, The Idea of Decline in Western History, Op. cit., page 316.

11.
Ibid.

12.
Ibid.

13.
Adorno implied that the emotionalism that was once provided by the family was now provided by the Party. See: Ben Agger,
The Discourse of Domination: From the Frankfurt School to Postmodernism,
Evanston, Illinois: Northwestern University Press, 1992, page 251. And T. B. Bottomore,
Sociology as Social Criticism,
London: George Allen & Unwin, 1975, page 91.

14.
Herman,
Op cit.,
page 318.

15.
Andrew Jamison and Ron Eyerman,
Seeds of the Sixties,
Berkeley: Los Angeles: London: University of California Press, page 52. This book, on which I have heavily relied, is an excellent introduction to the thought of the 1960s, very original, which deserves to be far better known.

16.
In a letter dated 9 August 1956, Mary McCarthy said that even Bernard Berenson, who had a copy
of
Origins, was curious to meet Arendt. Carol Brightman, Between Friends: The Correspondence of Hannah Arendt and Mary McCarthy, 1949–1975, London: Secker & Warburg, 1995, page 42.

17.
For its difficult gestation, see Young-Bruehl, Op.
cit.,
pages 201ff.

18.
Jamison and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 47.

19.
Young-Bruehl, Hannah Arendt, Op. cit., pages 204–11.

20.
Hannah Arendt,
The Origins of Totalitarianism,
New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1951, page 475. Jamison and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 47.

21.
Jamison and Eyerman,
Op. cit.,
page 48. Young-Bruehl, Op.
cit.,
pages 206–207.

22.
She herself referred to the book as ‘Vita Activa’: Brightman, Op.
cit.,
page 50.

23.
Young-Bruehl, Op.
cit.,
page 319.

24.
Jamieson and Eyerman,
Op. cit.,
page 50.

25.
Ibid.,
page 57.

26.
Erich Fromm,
The Sane Society,
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1956.

27.
Ibid.,
pages 5–9.

28.
Ibid.,
pages 122ff.

29.
Ibid.,
page 356.

30.
Ibid.,
pages 95 and 198.

31.
Ibid., page 222.

32.
W. H. Whyte,
The Organisation Man,
London: Jonathan Cape, 1957.

33.
Ibid.,
page 14.

34.
Ibid.,
page 63.

35.
Ibid.,
pages 101ff.

36.
Ibid.,
pages 217ff.

37.
Ibid.,
pages 338–341.

38.
Jamieson and Eyerman,
Op. cit.,
page 36.

39.
Ibid.,
page 37.

40.
Ibid.,
pages 36–37.

41.
Ibid.,
pages 33 and 34.

42.
C. Wright Mills,
The Power Elite,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1956, pages 274–275. See also: Howard S. Becker, ‘Professional sociology: The case of C. Wright Mills,’ in Roy C. Rist,
The Democratic Imagination: Dialogues on the work of Irving Louis Horowitz,
New Brunswick and London: Transaction, 1994, pages 157ff.

43.
Jamieson and Eyerman,
Op. cit.,
page 39.

44.
Ibid.,
page 40.

45.
C. Wright Mills,
White Collar: The American Middle Classes,
New York: Oxford University Press, 1953, page ix, quoted in Jamieson and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 40.

46.
C. Wright Mills,
White Collar, Op. cit.,
pages 294–295. Jamison and Eyerman, page 41.

47.
Jamison and Eyerman,
Op. cit.,
page 43.

48.
Ibid.

49.
C. Wright Mills,
The Sociological Imagination,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959, page 5.

50.
Ibid.,
page 187.

51.
Jamieson and Eyerman, Op.
cit.,
page 46.

52.
J. K. Galbraith,
The Affluent Society,
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1958, Penguin paperback, 1991, page 40.

53.
Ibid.,
page 65.

54.
In Galbraith’s first autobiography his debt to Keynes is clearly shown. See J. K. Galbraith,
A Life in Our Times,
London: André Deutsch, 1981, pages 74–82. See also page 622.

55.
Ibid.,
page 86.

56.
Ibid.,
pages 122ff.

57.
Ibid.,
pages 128ff

58.
Ibid.,
pages 182 and 191–195.

59.
Ibid.,
pages 195ff.

60.
Ibid.,
pages 233ff.

61.
In his autobiography, Galbraith says
Time
awarded it ‘a massive sneer’ but Malcolm Muggeridge put it into the same category as Tawney’s
The Acquisitive Society
and Keynes’s
The Economic Consequences of the Peace.
J. K. Galbraith,
A Life in Our Times, Op. cit.,
page 354.

62.
W W. Rostow,
The Stages of Economic Growth,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1960, paperback edition, 1971.

63.
Ibid.,
page 7.

64.
Ibid.,
pages 36ff.

65.
Ibid.,
pages 59ff.

66.
Ibid.,
combining tables on pages 38 and 59.

67.
Ibid.,
pages 73ff.

68.
Ibid.,
page 11n.

69.
Ibid.,
page 107.

70.
See the discussion by Fukuyama in the Conclusion
(infra).

71.
Rostow, Op.
cit.,
pages 102–103.

72.
Daniel Horowitz,
Vance Packard and American Social Criticism,
Chapel Hill, N.C.: University of North Carolina Press, 1994, pages 98–100.

73.
Ibid.,
page 105.

74.
Ibid.

75.
Vance Packard,
The Hidden Persuaders,
New York: David McKay, 1957.

76.
Ibid.,
pages 87–88.

77.
Vance Packard,
The Status Seekers,
New York: David McKay, 1959.

78.
Horowitz, Op.
cit.,
page 123.

79.
Vance Packard,
The Waste Makers,
New York: David McKay, 1960.

80.
Horowitz, Op.
cit.,
page 119.

81.
Malcolm Waters,
Daniel Bell,
London: Routledge, 1996, pages 13–15.

82.
Waters, Op.
cit.,
page 78.

83.
Daniel Bell,
The End of Ideology: On the Exhaustion of Political Ideas in the Fifties,
Glencoe: The Free Press, 1960; 1965 paperback reprinted by Harvard University Press, 1988, with a new Afterword. Waters, Op.
cit.,
page 79.

84.
Waters, Op.
cit.,
page 80.

85.
See the chapters by Malcolm Dean, pages 105ff, and Daniel Bell, pages 123ff in Geoff Dench, Tony Flower and Kate Gavron (editors),
Young at Eighty,
London: Carcanet Press, 1995.

86.
Michael Young,
The Rise of the Meritocracy,
London: Thames & Hudson, 1958, republished with a new Introduction by the author, by Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994.

87.
Ibid.,
page xi.

88.
Ibid.,
page xii. It was, however, poorly received by, among others, Richard Hoggart. See: Paul Barker, ‘The Up and Downs of the Meritocracy’, in Dench, Flower and Gavron (editors),
Op. cit.,
page 156.

89.
Young,
Op. cit.,
page 170.

90.
Barker,
Op. cit.,
page 161, cites reviewers who thought the book lacked ‘the sound of a human voice.’

1.
Peter Ackroyd, T. S. Eliot, Op. cit., page 289.

2.
T. S. Eliot,
Notes Toward the Definition of Culture,
London: Faber & Faber, 1948, paperback 1962.

3.
Ackroyd,
Op. cit.,
page 291.

4.
For a discussion of Eliot’s wider thinking on leisure, see: Sencourt,
? S. Eliot: A Memoir, Op. cit.,
page 154.

5.
Eliot,
Notes, Op. cit.,
page 31.

6.
Ibid.,
page 23.

7.
Ibid.,
page 43.

8.
He was conscious himself, he said, of being a
European,
as opposed to a merely British, or American, figure. See: Sencourt,
Op. cit.,
page 158.

9.
Eliot, Notes, Op. cit., page 50.

10.
Ibid.,
pages 87ff.

11.
Ibid.,
page 25.

12.
Ian MacKillop,
F. R. Leavis, Op. cit.,
pages 15 and 17ff.

13.
F. R. Leavis,
The Great Tradition,
London: Chatto & Windus, 1948; F. R. Leavis.
The Common Pursuit,
London: Chatto & Windus, 1952.

14.
See Leavis,
The Common Pursuit,
chapter 14, for the links between sociology and literature, which Leavis was sceptical about; and chapter 23 for ‘Approaches to T. S. Eliot,’ where he counts ‘Ash Wednesday’ as the work which changed Eliot’s standing. (And see the Conclusion of this book, below, page 750.)

15.
MacKillop, Op.
cit.,
page 111. See in particular chapter 8, pages 263ff, on the future of criticism.

16.
Lionel Trilling,
The Liberal Imagination,
New York: Macmillan, 1948 London: Secker & Warburg, 1951.

17.
Ibid.,
page 34.

18.
Ibid.,
pages 288ff.

19.
Henry S. Commager, The American Mind: An Interpretation of American Thought and Character Since the 1880s, New York: Oxford University Press, 1950.

20.
Ibid.,
pages 199ff and 227fr

21.
Ibid.,
pages 176–177.

22.
Ibid.,
pages 378ff.

23.
Jamison and Eyerman,
Seeds of the Sixties, Op. cit.,
pages 150–151.

24.
Ibid.,
page 150.

25.
Trilling’s wife described the relationship as ‘quasi-Oedipal.’ See: Graham Caveney,
Screaming with Joy: The Life of Allen Ginsberg,
London: Bloomsbury, 1999, page 33.