Modern Mind: An Intellectual History of the 20th Century (175 page)

77.
Peter Brook,
Threads of Time,
London: Methuen, 1998.

78.
Ibid.,
page 127.

79.
Ibid.,
page 134.

80.
Ibid.,
page 54.

81.
Ibid.,
page 137.

82.
M. M. Delgado and Paul Heritage (editors),
Directors Talk Theatre,
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1996, page 38.

83.
Brook,
Op. cit.,
page 177. Delgado and Heritage, Op.
cit.,
page 38.

84.
Brook, Op.
cit.,
pages 182–183.

85.
Ibid.,
page 208.

86.
Ibid.,
pages 189–193.

87.
Delgado and Heritage (editors), Op.
cit.,
page 49.

88.
Brook, Op.
cit.,
page 225.

89.
At the same time he was obsessed with traditional theatrical problems, such as character. See: John Peters,
Vladimir’s Carrot: Modem Drama and the Modem Imagination,
London: Deutsch, 1987, page 314.

90.
Brook,
Op cit.,
page 226.

1.
Ronald Dworkin,
Taking Rights Seriously,
London: Duckworth, 1978.

2.
Ibid.,
pages 266ff.

3.
Ibid.,
pages 184ff.

4.
Ibid.,
pages 204–205.

5.
Milton and Rose Friedman,
Free to Choose,
New York: Harcourt Brace, 1980, Penguin paperback 1980.

6.
Ibid.,
page 15.

7.
Ibid.,
page 107.

8.
Ibid.,
page 179.

9.
Ibid.,
page 174.

10.
Ibid.,
page 229.

11.
Paul Krugman, Peddling Prosperity: Economic Sense and Nonsense in the Age of Diminished Expectations, New York: W. W Norton, 1994, page 15.

12.
Ibid., pages 178ff.

13.
Robert Solow, Interview with the author, MIT, 4 December, 1997. Solow’s views first emerged in several articles in the
Quarterly Journal of Economics
in 1956, and the
Review of Economic Statistics,
a year later.

14.
Krugman, Op.
cit.,
pages 64–65.

15.
Ibid., page 197.

16.
Robert Solow,
Leaming from ‘Learning by Doing’: Lessons for Economic Growth,
Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 1997.

17.
Ibid.,
page 20.

18.
Ibid.,
page 82ff; see also Krugman,
Op. cit.,
pages 200–202.

19.
See also: ‘The economics of Qwerty’, chapter 9 of Krugman,
Op cit.,
pages 221ff.

20.
Friedman and Friedman, Op
cit.,
pages 19–20.

21.
Amartya Sen, On
Ethics and Economics,
Oxford: Blackwell, 1987, paperback 1988. The Prisoner’s Dilemma is discussed at pages 82ff.

22.
Amartya Sen,
Poverty and Famines,
Oxford: The Clarendon Press, 1981, paperback 1982.

23.
Ibid.,
pages 57–63.

24.
Krugman, Op.
cit.,
chapter 8: ‘In the long run Keynes is still alive’, pages 197ff.

25.
Ibid.,
pages 128, 235 and 282.

26.
J. K. Galbraith,
The Culture of Contentment,
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1992.

27.
Ibid.,
page 107.

28.
Charles Murray, Losing Ground: American Social Policy 1930–1980, London: Basic Books, 1984.

29.
Ibid.,
page 146.

30.
Ibid.,
Part II.

31.
Galbraith, Op.
cit.,
page 106.

32.
J. K. Galbraith,
The Good Society,
Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1996.

33.
Ibid.,
page 133, chapter 8–11.

34.
Andrew Hacker, Two Nations: Black and White, Separate, Hostile, Unequal, New York: Ballantine, 1992, paperback 1995.

35.
Ibid.,
page 74.

36.
Ibid.,
page 84.

37.
Not as influential as Hacker’s, or Murray’s, book, but still worth reading alongside them is: Nicholas Lemann,
The Promised Land: The Great Black Migration and How it Changed America,
New York: Knopf, 1991, Vintage paperback 1992, which looks at the migration patterns of five million African-Americans between 1940 and 1970.

38.
Hacker, Op.
cit.,
page 229.

39.
In
Progress and the Invisible Hand: The Philosophy and Economics of Human Advance,
London: Little, Brown, 1998, Richard Bronk attempts a marriage of psychology, economic history, growth theory, complexity theory, and the growth of individualism, to provide a pessimistic vision, a re-run in effect of Daniel Bell’s
The Cultural Contradictions of Capitalism,
acknowledging that the forces of capitalism threaten the balance of ‘creative liberty’ and ‘civic duty.’ A symposium on the future of economics, published at the millennium in the
Journal of Economic Perspectives,
confirmed two directions for the discipline. One, to take greater account of complexity theory (see below, chapter 42); and two, a greater marriage with psychology, in particular the way individuals behave economically in a not-quite rational way. See, for example,
The Economist,
4 March 2000, page 112.

1.
Randy Shilts,
And the Band Played On,
New York: St Martin’s Press, 1987, Penguin 1988, pages 20 and 93–94.

2.
For an account of the gay community on the eve of the crisis, see: Robert A. Padgug and Gerald M. Oppenheimer, ‘Riding the Tiger: AIDS and the Gay community,’ in Elizabeth Fee and Daniel M. Fox (editors),
AIDS: The Making of a Chronic Disease,
Los Angeles and London: University of California Press, 1992, pages 245ff.

3.
Shilts,
Op. cit.,
page 94.

4.
Ibid.,
page 244. See also Fee and Fox (editors),
Op. cit.,
pages 279ff for an account of HIV in New York.

5.
Weatherall, In Search of a Cure, Op. cit., pages 240–241.

6.
W. F. Bynum and Roy Porter,
Companion Encyclopaedia of the History of Medicine, Volume 1,
London: Routledge, 1993, page 138.

7.
Weatherall, Op.
cit.,
page 241.

8.
Bynum and Porter, Op.
cit.,
volume 2, page 1023.

9.
Weatherall,
Op. cit.,
pages 224–226.

10.
Ibid.

11.
Bynum and Porter, Op.
cit.,
pages 1023–1024 for a more complete history.

12.
Mirko D. Grmek,
A History of AIDS,
Princeton and London: Princeton University Press,
1990,
pages 58–59.

13.
Shilts, Op
cit.,
pages 73–74 and 319.

14.
Grmek,
Op. cit.,
pages 62–70. Shilts,
Op. cit.,
pages 50–51.

15.
For a short but balanced history of cancer, see David Cantor, ‘Cancer,’ in Bynum and Porter,
Op. cit.,
volume 1, pages 537–559.

16.
Harold Varmus and Robert Weinberg,
Genes and the Biology of Cancer,
New York: Scientific American Library, 1993. A large study in Scandinavia, reported in July 2000, concluded that ‘environmental factors’ accounted for more than 50 per cent of cancers.

17.
Ibid.,
page 51.

18.
Ibid.,
page 185.

19.
Susan Sontag,
Illness as Metaphor,
New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1998; published in paperback with
AIDS and its Metaphors,
1990.

20.
Sontag, Op.
cit.,
page 3.

21.
Ibid.,
pages 13–14.

22.
Ibid.,
pages 17–18.

23.
See above, note 19, for publication details.

24.
Sontag,
Op. cit.,
page 124.

25.
Ibid.,
page 165.

26.
Ibid.,
page 163.

27.
Shilts,
Op. cit.,
page 453.

28.
For a whole book dedicated to the effect of AIDS on the artistic community, see James Miller (editor),
Fluid Exchanges,
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1992.

29.
Jeffrey Masson,
Against Therapy,
London: Collins, 1989, Fontana paperback, 1990, page 165.

30.
Ibid.,
page 185.

31.
Ibid.,
page 101.

32.
For Maslow, see
ibid.,
chapters 7 and 8, pages 229ff and 248ff respectively.

33.
Ernest Gellner,
The Psychoanalytic Movement: The Cunning of Unreason,
London: Paladin, 1985, Fontana, 1993.

34.
Ibid.,
pages 36–37.

35.
Ibid.,
page 76.

36.
Ibid.

37.
Ibid.,
page 162.

38.
Ibid.,
page 104–105.

39.
Jane Howard, Margaret Mead: A Life, Op. cit., pages 432ff.

40.
Derek Freeman, Margaret Mead and Samoa: The Making and Unmaking of an Anthropological Myth, Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1983.

41.
Howard,
Op. cit.,
page 435.

42.
Roy Porter, The Greatest Benefit to Mankind: A Medical History of Mankind from Antiquity to the Present, London: HarperCollins, 1997, page 596.

43.
Ibid.,
page 718.

1. Jean-François Lyotard,
The Post-Modem Condition: A Report on Knowledge,
Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1984.

2.
See his: ‘The Psychoanalytic Approach to Artistic and Literary Expression,’ in
Toward The Post-Modem,
New York: Humanities Press, 1993, pages 2–11; Part 1 of this book is headed ‘Libidinal’, Part 2 ‘Pagan’, and Part 3 ‘Intractable.’

3.
Lyotard, The Post-Modern Condition, Op. cit., page xxiv.

4.
Ibid.,
pages 42–46.

5.
Ibid.,
page 60.

6.
Richard Rorty,
Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature,
Oxford: Blackwell, 1980.

7.
Ibid.,
pages 34–38.

8.
Ibid.,
page 363.

9.
Ibid.,
page 367.

10.
Ibid.,
pages 367–368.

11.
Ibid.,
pages 389–391.

12.
Richard Rorty,
Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

13.
Rorty, Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth, Op. cit., pages 56–57.

14.
Ibid.,
page 37.

15.
Ibid.,
page 39.

16.
Ibid.,
page 40.

17.
Ibid.,
pages 203ff.

18.
Ibid.,
page 218.

19.
Thomas Nagel,
Mortal Questions,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979; and
The View From Nowhere,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1986, paperback, 1989.

20.
Nagel, Mortal Questions, Op. cit., page x.

21.
Nagel, The View From Nowhere, Op. cit., page 26.

22.
Ibid.,
page 52.

23.
Ibid.,
pages 78–79.

24.
Ibid.,
page 84.

25.
Ibid.,
page 85.

26.
Ibid.,
page 108.

27.
Ibid.,
page 107.

28.
Clifford Geertz,
The Interpretation of Cultures,
New York: Basic Books, 1973.

29.
Ibid.,
page 36.

30.
Ibid.,
pages 3ff.

31.
Ibid.,
page 412.

32.
Ibid.,
page 435.

33.
Clifford Geertz,
Local Knowledge,
New York: Basic Books, 1983, paperback edition 1997, page 8.

34.
Ibid.,
page 74.

35.
Ibid.,
page 151.

36.
Ibid., page 161.

37.
Geertz’s work continues in two lecture series published as books. See:
Works and Lives,
London: Polity, 1988; and
After the Fact,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1995.

38.
Bryan Magee, Men of Ideas, Op. cit., pages 196–197.

39.
Consider some of the topics tackled in his various books: ‘Two concepts of rationality’ and ‘The impact of science on modern concepts of rationality,’ in
Reason, Truth and History,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981. ‘What is mathematical truth?’ and ‘The logic of quantum mechanics,’ in
Mathematics, Matter and Method,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980; and ‘Why there isn’t a ready-made world’ and ‘Why reason can’t be naturalised,’ in
Realism and Reason,
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Magee, Op.
cit.,
pages 202 and 205.

40.
Putnam, Reason, Truth and History, Op. cit., page 215. Magee, Op. cit., page 201.

41.
Magee,
Op. cit.,
pages 143–145.

42.
For a more accessible form of Van Quine’s ideas, see:
Quiddities: An Intermittently Philosophical Dictionary,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1987, where certain aspects of everyday life are ingeniously represented mathematically. But see also: ‘Success and Limits of Mathamaticalism’, in
Theories and Things,
Cambridge, Massachusetts: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1981, pages 148ff. See also: Magee,
Op. cit.,
page 147.