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Oracle Essentials Oracle Database 11g (75 page)
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Authors:
Rick Greenwald
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Document Outline
Oracle Essentials: Oracle Database 11g, Fourth Edition
Table of Contents
Preface
Goals of This Book
Audience for This Book
About the Fourth Edition (Oracle Database 11g)
Structure of This Book
Conventions Used in This Book
How to Contact Us
Using Code Examples
Safari� Books Online
Acknowledgments
Introducing Oracle
The Evolution of the Relational Database
Relational Basics
How Oracle Grew
The Oracle Database Family
Summary of Oracle Database Features
Database Application Development Features
Database Programming
SQL
PL/SQL
Java
Oracle and web services
Large objects
Object-oriented programming
Third-generation languages (3GLs)
Database drivers
The Oracle Call Interface
National Language Support
Database Extensibility
Oracle Multimedia
Oracle content management
Oracle search capabilities
Oracle Spatial Option
XML DB
Database Connection Features
Database Networking
Oracle Net
Oracle Internet Directory
Oracle Connection Manager
Oracle Application Server
Distributed Database Features
Distributed Queries and Transactions
Heterogeneous Services
Data Movement Features
Transportable Tablespaces
Advanced Queuing and Oracle Streams
Extraction, Transformation, and Loading
Database Performance Features
Database Parallelization
Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
Bitmap indexes
Star query optimization
Materialized views
Analytic functions
OLAP Option
Data Mining Option
Business intelligence tools
Database Management Features
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Information Lifecycle Management and ILM Assistant
Backup and Recovery
Recovery Manager
Incremental backup and recovery
Oracle Secure Backup
Database Availability
Partitioning option
Data Guard
Fail Safe
Oracle Real Application Clusters
Data Guard and RAC
Automated Storage Management
Real Application Testing Option
Database Security Features
Advanced Security Option
Label Security Option
Database Vault Option
Audit Vault Server
Oracle Development Tools
Oracle JDeveloper
Oracle SQL Developer
Oracle Forms Developer
Oracle Reports Developer
Oracle Designer
Oracle Discoverer Administration Edition
Oracle Portal
Embedded Databases
Oracle TimesTen
Oracle Berkeley DB
Oracle Lite
Oracle Architecture
Databases and Instances
Oracle Database Structure
Tablespaces
Files of a database
Database Initialization
Deploying Physical Components
Control Files
Datafiles
Datafile structure
Extents and segments
Redo Log Files
Multiplexing redo log files
How Oracle uses the redo logs
Naming conventions for redo logs
Archived redo logs
ARCHIVELOG mode and automatic archiving
Instance Memory and Processes
Memory Structures for an Instance
Database buffer cache
Shared pool
Redo log buffer
Other pools in the SGA
Automatic PGA management
Background Processes for an Instance
The Data Dictionary
Installing and Running Oracle
Installing Oracle
Optimal Flexible Architecture
Supporting Multiple Oracle Versions on a Machine
Upgrading an Oracle Database
Creating a Database
Planning the Database
The Value of Estimating
Tools for Creating Databases
Configuring Oracle Net
Resolving Oracle Net Service Names
Oracle Net Manager
Auto-Discovery and Agents
Oracle Net Configuration Files
Starting Up the Database
Shutting Down the Database
Accessing a Database
Server Processes and Clients
Server process
Client process
Application Servers and Web Servers As Clients
Oracle Net and Establishing Network Connections
The Shared Server/Multi-Threaded Server
Session memory for shared server processes versus dedicated server processes
Data dictionary information about the shared server
Oracle at Work
Oracle and Transactions
Flashback
A Transaction, Step by Step
Oracle Data Structures
Datatypes
Character Datatypes
Numeric Datatype
Date Datatype
Other Datatypes
Type Conversion
Concatenation and Comparisons
NULLs
Basic Data Structures
Tables
Views
Indexes
B*-tree indexes
Reverse key indexes
Bitmap indexes
Function-based indexes
Invisible indexes
Partitioning
Additional Data Structures
Sequences
Synonyms
Clusters
Hash Clusters
Extended Logic for Data
Rules Manager
The Expression Filter
Data Design
Constraints
Triggers
Query Optimization
Rule-Based Optimization
Cost-Based Optimization
How statistics are used
Influencing the cost-based optimizer
Specifying an Optimizer Mode
Newer database releases and the cost-based optimizer
Saving the Optimization
Comparing Optimizations
Performance and Optimization
Understanding the Execution Plan
SQL Advisors
Data Dictionary Tables
Managing Oracle
Manageability Features
Database Advisors
Automatic Storage Management
Oracle Enterprise Manager
Enterprise Manager Architecture
Oracle Enterprise Manager Consoles
EM2Go
Fragmentation and Reorganization
Resolving Fragmentation
Backup and Recovery
Types of Backup and Recovery Options
Oracle Secure Backup
Information Lifecycle Management
Working with Oracle Support
Reporting Problems
Automated Patching
Oracle Security, Auditing, and Compliance
Security
Usernames, Privileges, Groups, and Roles
Identity Management
Security Privileges
Special Roles: DBA, SYSDBA, and SYSOPER
Policies
Restricting Data Access
View-based security
Fine-grained access control
Label Security Option
Security and Application Roles and Privileges
Distributed Database and Multitier Security
Distributed security management
Multitier security
Advanced Security Option
Encryption
Secure Backup
Auditing
Compliance
Oracle Database Vault Option
Oracle Audit Vault Server
Flashback Data Archive
Oracle Performance
Performance Tuning Basics
Defining Performance and Performance Problems
Oracle Server Performance
AWR, ADDM, and Enterprise Manager
Machine Resource Usage
When All Else Fails
A Final Note on Performance Basics
Oracle and Disk I/O Resources
I/O Planning Principles for an Oracle Database
Using RAID Disk Array Technology
Volume managers
Dedicated storage subsystems
Combined host-based and I/O subsystem volume management
Flexibility, Manageability, and Disk Arrays
How Oracle I/O and Striped Arrays Interact
Oracle and Parallelism
Block-Range Parallelism
Parallelism for Tables and Partitions of Tables
What Can Be Parallelized?
Degree of parallelism
Self-tuning adaptive parallelism
Partition-Based Parallelism
Parallelism for partitions and subpartitions of a table
Fast full index scans for nonpartitioned tables
Parallel insert for nonpartitioned and partitioned tables
Oracle and Memory Resources
How Oracle Uses the System Global Area
Automatic sizing for the SGA
The database buffer cache
The shared pool
The redo log buffer
Query results caching
How Oracle Uses the Program Global Area
Memory for SQL statements
Memory for sorting within the PGA
TimesTen
Oracle and CPU Resources
Database Resource Manager
Oracle Multiuser Concurrency
Basics of Concurrent Access
Transactions
Locks
Concurrency and Contention
Integrity Problems
Serialization
Oracle and Concurrent User Access
Oracle�s Isolation Levels
Oracle Concurrency Features
How Oracle Handles Locking
A Simple Write Operation
A Conflicting Write Operation
A Read Operation
Concurrent Access and Performance
Workspaces
Workspace Implementation
Workspace Operations
Workspace Enhancements
Oracle and Transaction Processing
OLTP Basics
What Is a Transaction?
What Does OLTP Mean?
General characteristics
Online versus batch
OLTP Versus Business Intelligence
Oracle�s OLTP Heritage
Architectures for OLTP
Traditional Two-Tier Client/Server
Stored Procedures
Three-Tier Systems
Application Servers and Web Servers
The Grid
Oracle Features for OLTP
General Concurrency and Performance
Scalability
Multi-Threaded Server/shared server
Database Resource Manager
Real Application Clusters
High Availability
Oracle Streams and Advanced Queuing
Streams for System Interfaces
Oracle and Publish-Subscribe Technology
Object Technologies and Distributed Components
Oracle Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence
Business Intelligence Basics
The Evolution of Business Intelligence
A Topology for Business Intelligence
Data Marts
Operational Data Store and Enterprise Warehouse
OLTP Systems and Business Intelligence
Data Warehouse Design
Query Optimization
Bitmap Indexes and Parallelism
Summary Tables
Materialized Views
Analytics, OLAP, and Data Mining in the Database
Analytic and Statistical Functions
MODEL Clause in SELECT
OLAP and Data Mining Capabilities
Database Extensibility and the Data Warehouse
Multimedia
Spatial Option
XML
Managing the Data Warehouse
Other Software for the Data Warehouse
Extraction, Transformation, and Loading
Reporting and Ad Hoc Query Tools
OLAP and OLAP Applications Building
Data Mining
Business Intelligence Applications
The Metadata Challenge
Best Practices
Common Misconceptions
Effective Strategy
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