Oral Literature in Africa (96 page)

topical poems, topical songs,
49
,
202
,
265
,
268
-
270
,
273
-
274
.
See also
political songs

Torrend, J.,
374

tortoise,
329
,
334
,
335
,
336
,
343
,
373
,
374

Touareg.
See
Tuareg

Toucouleur,
99

Towo-Atangana,
110

Tracey, Hugh,
137
,
210
,
232
,
237
,
246
,
248
,
249
,
259
,
260
,
261
,
265
-
267
,
270
,
273
-
274
,
277

traditional, over-emphasis of,
xxviii
,
3
,
12
,
16
,
18
,
19
,
26
,
40
-
42
,
43
,
46
,
44
,
49
,
51
,
265
,
266
,
504
,
505

tragedy,
500

training of orators,
435
,
436
,
439

training of poets,
91
-
92
,
197

in Ethiopia,
92

in mantic poetry,
184
,
197
-
198

among Rwanda,
88
-
91

Transvaal,
132
,
362
,
415

Traoré, B.,
xxxii
,
43
,
237
,
485
,
500

Travélé, M.,
402
,
424
,
428
,
489
,
490
,
491
,
493

Tremearne, A. J.,
112
,
346
-
347
,
373
,
385

Tressan, L.,
428

trickster,
188
,
334
-
338
,
343
,
350
,
353

Trifles, H.,
363

Tsala, T.,
252

Tshi.
See
Twi

Tsonga,
121
.
See also
Thonga

Tswana,
64
,
121
,
127
,
137
,
388
,
395

Tuareg,
54
,
74
,
111

Tucker, A. N.,
300
,
301
,
302
,
303
,
304

tug of war, in stories,
312
,
328
,
335

Tumba,
471

Tumbuka-Kamanga,
390

Turnbull, C.,
358

Turner, H. W.,
451

Tutsi,
435
,
436
.
See also
Rwanda

Twi,
31

Tyloch, W.,
xxxi

Tylor, E.,
309

Tyo (Teka),
426

Uganda,
292
,
361

Ullendorf, E.,
54

Upper Volta,
423
,
462
,
484

Uppsala,
41

Utenzi
. See
tenzi

utility, assumed as main function of oral literature,
40
,
321
.
See also
functional approach

Vai,
54

Vail, L.,
xxx

Vajda, G.,
52

Van Avermaet, E.,
46
,
72
,
390
,
415

Van Caethem, R.,
451

Van Goethem, E.,
397

Van Spanndonck,
168

Van Warmelo, J.,
532

Van Wing, J.,
504

Van Zyl, H. J.,
143

Vanneste, M.,
358

Vansina, J.,
455

variability, of oral literature generally,
10
-
11
,
12

Velten, C.,
31
,
168

Venda,
64
,
121
,
127
,
455

verb system in Bantu languages,
61
-
62

derivative verbal forms,
59

Verger, P.,
174
-
176

verse, difficulty of distinguishing from prose,
75

Verwilghen, L. A.,
434

Viaene, L.,
354

Vilakazi, B. W.,
132
,
133
,
134
,
138
,
141
,
294

Vili.
See
Fjort

vocabulary, in African languages,
60
-
61

in Ambo hunting songs,
222

special in poetry,
407

Von Funke, E.,
252

Von Hornbostel, E.,
35

Von Sicard, H.,
201
,
308
,
312

Von Sydow, C. W.,
30
,
42

Von Tiling, M.,
292

Wa-Bondei.
See
Bondei

Wabvuwi,
181

Wade, A.,
361

Wakweli.
See
Kweli

Walker, S. H.,
257

Wängler, H. H.,
257

Wanyamwezi,
248

War song.
See
Military poetry

Warren, A.,
19

Watt, I.,
4

Wedding poems, songs,
103
,
119
,
123
,
138
,
255

Wellek, R. and Warren, A.,
19

Wellerism,
389

Werner, A.,
345

Werner, J.,
37
,
53
,
168
,
172
,
224
,
231
,
308
,
328
,
329
,
334
,
345
,
351
,
358
,
387
,
411
,
425
,
451

Wescott, R. W.,
257

West Africa,
58
,
94
,
96
,
116
,
217
,
277
,
329
,
335
,
345
,
256
,
363
,
368
,
375
,
379
,
380
,
422
,
458
,
470
,
475
,
482
,
485
,
488
-
489
,
490
,
500
-
501

associations in,
102
,
103
,
104

hymns in,
167
,
173

Ifa literature in,
106
,
187

West Atlantic,
58

West Central Africa,
297

West Equatorial Africa,
329
,
335
,
363
,
368
,
375
,
423
,
426

West Indies,
335

Westcott, J.,
173

Westermann, D.,
215

Westphal, E.,
257

White, C.,
415
,
416

White, L.,
xxx

Whiteley, W. H.,
xxxv
,
95
,
269
,
432

Whitting, C. E. J.,
379
,
386
,
387
,
393

Wieschhoff, H. H.,
456

Williamson, S. G.,
182
,
183

Wilson, C. B.,
234

Windels, A.,
304

Witte, P. A.,
35
,
484

Witwatersrand, University of,
xxxvii
,
313

Wolfson, F.,
431

Wolof,
30
,
97
,
98

women,
99
,
262

as poets, relatively rare,
54
,
99

in Christian lyrics,
182
-
183
,
185
,
186

as elegiac poets,
145
,
146
,
147
,
151
,
157
-
158
,
162
,
163
, Ch. 6

among Ila and Tonga,
104
,
261
-
263

in lampoons,
268
,
270
,
272
,
284

in love songs,
246
,
247
-
48
,
249
,
250
-
251

as praise poets,
87
,
116

in political songs,
268
,
270
,
272
,
284

as story-tellers,
364

in work songs,
99
,
224
,
225
,
230
,
231

wordplay,
452
-
453

work songs,
201
,
224
,
231

canoe songs,
228
,
229

dance songs,
228

domestic songs,
224
,
230
,
231

farming songs,
226
,
230
,
231

style of,
225
,
226
,
227
,
228
,
229
,
230
,
232
,
234

Wright, M. J.,
328

written literature,
328

contrasted with oral forms: in approach to its study,
5
,
6
,
10

in audience involvement,
13
,
240

in mode of transmission,
12
,
21
,
22
,
370
-
371

written literature in Africa,
1
,
311
.
See also
Arabic

Wyndham, J.,
359

Xhosa,
xxxiii
,
61
,
65
,
121
,
336
,
384
,
385
,
389
,
394

Yankah, K.,
xxx

Yao,
354
,
363

Yoruba,
71
,
72
,
78
,
79
,
88
,
93
,
102
,
112
,
118
,
119
,
146
,
148
,
165
,
173
,
174
,
187
,
198
,
200
,
201
,
218
,
267
,
270
,
299
,
335
,
359
,
363
,
381
,
387
,
391
,
392
,
393
,
396
,
397
,
423
,
427
,
452
,
455
,
457
,
460
,
470
,
476
-
477
,
482
,
483

Young, T. Cullen,
390

Zambia,
79
,
104
,
105
,
146
,
147
,
225
,
261
,
285
,
335
,
338
,
397
,
415
,
419

Zande,
73
,
179
,
250
,
334
,
335
,
336
,
354
,
381
,
398
,
411

Zaramo,
252

Zemp, H.,
44
,
97
,
99
,
100

Zezuru,
225
,
415

zitengulo
,
147

ziyabilo
,
296

Zulu,
xxxiii
,
58
,
60
,
61
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
67
,
84
,
85
,
86
,
116
,
120
,
121
,
122
,
127
,
128
,
132
,
133
,
134
,
135
,
136
,
137
,
139
,
140
,
142
,
181
,
207
,
208
,
237
,
242
,
243
,
249
,
255
,
273
,
293
,
294
,
295
,
334
,
336
,
362
,
370
,
381
,
385
,
389
,
422
,
460

Zuni,
320

Zuure, B.,
294

Zwide,
124

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